MHI's Commercial Post Combustion CO2 Capture Experiences in a Carbon Constrained World

Ronald Mitchell Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

International Workshop on Power Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage in India 22-23 January 2008, Ashok Hotel, Delhi, India

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CONTENTS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Introduction & Concept of Post Combustion CO 2 Capture MHI’s CO 2 Capture Experience MHI’s Flue Gas CO 2 Recovery Technology CO 2 Recovery from Coal-fired Boilers MHI’s scope in a CCS Project 6.

Path Forward - Government incentives for CCS

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1. Introduction

    

Coal will persist as a dominant fuel for power generation well into this century MHI has commercialized an advanced post combustion CO 2 capture technology process MHI has an expanding list of commercial deliveries mainly in the fertilizer production industry MHI has conducted demonstration testing of CO 2 capture from coal fired boilers Government support is needed to encourage large scale CCS deployment – how?

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1. Concept of Post Combustion CO 2 Capture Concept of Flue Gas CO 2 Recovery, Sequestration and EOR

Schematic diagram of possible CCS systems Fertilizer Production in India 4

1. Concept of Post Combustion CO 2 Capture Advantages of Post Combustion CO 2 Capture

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ Is applicable for the current, global PC fleet Offers high degree of flexibility – is adaptable and cost competitive with other technologies Operation at atmospheric pressure – safe and does not require exotic materials Produces highly purified CO 2 – important environmental consideration for transport and disposal Easy to transfer post combustion technology to developing countries – simple process and configuration Allows for future zero emission use of coal 5

2. MHI’s Experience

MHI’s Commercial CO 2 Capture Plants

Malaysia

Petoronas 1999~ 200 t/d Urea

Japan

Chemical Co.

2005~ 330 t/d General use OTHER PROJECTS

Abu Dhabi

Project Status Flue Gas Source Expected on stream CO 2 Capture Capacity (T/D)

FEED Complete Nat. Gas. Reformer 2008

400

China

FEED Complete Nat. Gas. Boiler 2009

800

India

Awarded Project Nat. Gas. Reformer 2010

450

Bahrain

Awarded Project Nat. Gas. Reformer 2010

450

India

IFFCO Dec 2006~ 2 x 450 t/d Urea

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2. MHI’s Experience

Example of a Commercial Project in India

Plant Outline

Client Solvent Capacity Feed Gas Use of CO Start-up 2 : : : : : : Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co.

KS-1 Solvent 450 T/D x 2 units Natural Gas and Naphtha Reformer Flue Gas Urea Production 2006 • • • •

Process Description

CO CO 2 2 is recovered from steam reformer flue gases. is compressed and then used for urea synthesis. Includes a Deep FGD caustic soda wash in the quencher to remove SOx Flue gas is cooled and then SOx is removed before entering the CO 2 absorber.

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2. MHI’s Experience

Coal Fired Long Term Demonstration Plant

Plant Outline

Solvent Capacity Feed Gas Start-up Location : : : : : KS-1 10 T/D Coal Fired Boiler (14.1 v% CO 2 ) July 2006 Nagasaki, Japan

Process Description

     Increased understanding of the effects of impurities on the system (dust, SOx, NOx, etc.) Identifying and incorporating countermeasures for each impurity >4,000 hours of operation and experience Test results exceeded expectations and will facilitate scale up CO 2 capture for coal fired boilers Confirms that the MHI CO 2 capture process can be applied to coal fired flue gas streams 8

2. MHI’s Experience

Large Scale CO 2 Capture Plant (3000 T/D Plant) Basic design complete

Absorber Stripper Cooling Tower Deep FGD Flue Gas Duct

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3. MHI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Technology

Process Flow for Amine Absorption

Feature of Process: Comparison with MEA solvent Circulation Rate Regeneration Energy Solvent Degradation Solvent Loss Corrosion Inhibitor

MEA 1 1 1 1 Yes KS-1 0.6

0.68

0.1

0.1

No Flue Gas Outlet ABSORBER

C.W.

Flue Gas Cooler Combustion flue gas from a fossil fuel fired power station

Flue Gas

Pre-Treatment Facility (Deep FGD) required for Coal Fired Flue Gas

C.W.

C.W.

STRIPPER (Regenerator)

MHI’s proprietary KS-1 solvent

CO 2 Purity : 99.9 %

Steam

Reboiler 10

4. CO2 Recovery from Coal-fired Boilers MHI’s Proposed Phased Approach to Commercialization of CO2 Capture Technology for Coal Fired Boilers

MHI’s Operating Experience MHI’s operating experience includes an expanding number of commercial plants in a range of countries, combined with a strong foundation of pilot and small scale demonstration plant experience for both natural gas and coal fired flue gas application.

1 t/d 2 t/d 10 t/d Pilot & small scale demonstration experience (Nat. Gas & Coal) 200 t/d 330 t/d 450 t/d Commercial Experience with Natural Gas fired flue gas 800 t/d FEED Complete (Nat. Gas) 500-3000 t/d Phase 1 (Coal) 3000 t/d Basic Design Complete (Nat. Gas) ～ 5000 t/d Phase 2 (Coal) 11

5. MHI’s Scope in a CCS Project The CO2 Supply Chain

    The supply chain for a complete CCS project is complex Requires integration of a number of industry segments A carbon price creates incentives to drive CCS project execution Regulatory framework is in the pipeline

Flue gas pre-treatment CO 2 Capture CO 2 Compression Dehydration Power Plant / Industrial Source MHI Scope Single Contractor CO 2 Transport CO 2 Injection EOR etc CO 2 Credit Generation Long term Monitoring Projects

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6. Path Forward – Government Incentives for CCS

Governments must create incentives which will encourage industry investment and widespread CCS – How?

A) B) Funding for CCS demonstration projects – to reduce risk Establish regulatory certainty – do not delay further C) Create tax credits/subsidies for downstream application of anthropogenic CO 2 (act as an initial industry driver) D) Legislate to include CCS within emission trading schemes to ensure there are ‘rewards’ for industrial CCS projects E) Establishing a carbon price will create additional incentives for CCS deployment – contribute toward project finance 13

Further Information

Ronald Mitchell

Manager Business Development Carbon Abatement Project Origination Environmental Plant Department Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

3-3-1 Nishi-ku, Yokohama, JAPAN, 220-8401 Office Ph: +81-45-224-9400 | Cell Ph: +81-90-4420-3941 E-mail: [email protected]

MHI Web: http://www.mhi.co.jp

MHI CO2 Recovery Process: http://www.mhi.co.jp/mcec/product/recov_co2/ 14