Abdominal And Thorax Injuries

The Guts And Tummy Aches Of Sports Medicine Chapter 21

• • • • • • • • • • • • Abdominal Vocabulary

Boardlike rigidity -

relaxed Hardness in the abdomen that can not be

Dyspnea

- Difficult breathing

Hematuria

- blood in the urine possibly due to kidney damage

Hemothorax

- blood in the pleural cavity

Hernia

protrusion of abdominal viscera through the abdominal wall

Kehr’s sign -

down the arm pain that radiates to the left shoulder and 1/3

McBurney’s point-

1/3 the distance between the anterosuperior iliac spine and the umbilicus

Peritoneum

- serous membrane lining of the abdominal wall

Pneumothorax

- collaspe on one lung by the pleural cavity becoming filled with air through an opening in the chest

Solar plexus -

nerves middle portion of the abdomen, network of

Traumatic asphyxia-

direct blow cessation of breathing caused by a

Viscera

internal abdominal organs

Abdominal Injuries

• • •

You will be able to identify abdominal/thorax structures.

You will be able to describe the functions of those structures.

You will be able to recognize and treat injuries to the abdominal region.

ANATOMY

Four Quadrants

• 1.Upper right.

– Right lobe of liver, part of heart, right kidney, gall bladder.

• 2. Upper left.

– Left lobe of liver, left kidney, part of heart, spleen, stomach. • 3. Lower right.

– Appendix, intestines.

• 4. Lower left.

– intestines.

• Upper middle- pancreas • Lower middle- bladder

Four Quadrants

C aroti d artery Innomi nate a rtery S ubcl avi an arte ry

Lung

P ul mo nary a rtery A lv eol ar cap il la ri es B ra chi al arte ry

Liver

H epati c a rtery

H ear t

A orta Left atrium R ig ht atri um Left ve ntri cle R ig ht ven tric le

K idney

R enal artery

Lar ge intestines

C api ll arie s o f gas troi nte sti nal tract

S m all intestine s

Ili ac artery Femoral a rtery Ti bi al arte ry ARTE RIA L SY STE M

Anatomical Structures Of The Abdomen And Thorax • 1. Spleen= the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Stores RBC (red blood cells), produce antibodies for immunological function • 2. Liver= largest internal organ. Absorbs/stores glucose, process nutrients • 3. Kidneys= filter metabolic waste from blood and excretes through urine • 4. Pancreas= produces insulin that control the amount of glucose/amino acids in the blood. Aids in digestion of fats, CHO, proteins • 5. Gallbladder= stores bile • 6. Heart • 7. Small intestine= absorption and digestion of food is done here. 20 feet • 8. Large intestine= expels waste, 6.5 feet

Anatomical structures

• Sternum – Manubrium – Body – Xiphoid process • Ribs – Sternal ribs/ true ribs 1-7 – False ribs 8-10 – Floating ribs 11-12 – Costal cartilage – Intercostal muscle

Injuries And Treatment Of Abdominal Region

• Abdominal muscle strains

• Internal/external obliques, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis • S/S pain and loss of function

• Hernia-

• S/S pain with movement, deformity, loss of function

• Side ache

-idiopathic condition

Injuries Continued

•

Appendicitis

• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting • Low grade fever, localized pain in the • Right side, can’t sit still, pain with hyperextension of thigh •

McBurney’s point

• Rx.= Hospital •

Blow to the solar plexus

• Anoxia, paralysis to the diaphragm, • Have them relax, breathe easy, tell them to take a deep breath

Injuries continued

•

Spleen injury

• Mono enlarges and weakens • Kehr’s sign • Shock • Rx: Treat for shock and call EMS

•

Injuries Cont.

Liver contusion.

• Rare, hepatitis, leads to shock, pain.

• Referred behind right scapula, rt. Shoulder, substernal area.

• Rx=Dr. and treat for shock.

•

Kidney contusion.

• Direct blow, blood in the urine.

• Rx=Dr.

•

Rib fractures/sternum Fx .

• Anatomy=intercostals muscles and cartilage.

• Very point tender, and difficulty breathing.

• Rx: Dr., treat for shock, keep calm, monitor vitals

Injuries Cont.

•

Costochondral separation/dislocation.

• Same as rib fx.

•

Hemothorax.

• Blood within the pleural cavity.

• Same as above.

•

Pneumothorax.

• Air in the pleural cavity leads to collapsed lung.

• Pain, anoxia, difficulty in breathing.

Special Considerations

• •

Diabetes S/S:

–

Tired/irritable

–

Losing weight

–

Urinating all the time

–

Eating a lot

–

Weak

http://www.mhhe.com/catalogs/s em/hhp/faculty/esims.mhtml

• MHHE Health & Human Performance Supersite • Unit 24: 01-04 Thorax and Abdominal Injuries