Transcript Current Electric Transmission Facts:

Potential Economic Benefits
of Configuring Superconducting
Technologies in the Florida Grid
EUCAS 2003
supported by the
US Office of Naval Research
Tim Lynch & Justin Schwartz
Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS)
Florida State University - Tallahassee, Florida
Outline
Center for Advanced Power Systems
Electrical grid problems
Superconducting technologies –
potential benefits
Case study: Potential value of
Superconducting technologies to Florida
Center for Advanced Power
Systems at Florida State University
Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) is an
outgrowth from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Established ~2001; Occupied new building in January 2003
Mission is R&D and Systems Engineering of new
technologies for electric power systems
Real-time simulations with hardware-in-the-loop
Systems testing & development (AMSC motor; LTS SMES, HTS
transformer)
Critical materials R&D for systems (e.g., AC losses and
electromechanical behavior of HTS materials)
Primary funding from Office of Naval Research for allelectric ship program
Assessing the Problem
Demand for electricity has increased
significantly and will continue into the future.
US and Florida electricity infrastructure needs
modernization.
Deregulation has slowed transmission
investment across the US.
The result is congestion and a growing number
of costly blackouts.
Historical & Projected World
Energy Usage & Population
70
60
Population
(Billions)
50
40
Electricity
Consumption
(trillion kWh)
30
20
10
0
1950
2000
2020
2050
From: Electricity Technology Roadmap: 1999 Summary and Synthesis, (1999).
2003 North East Blackout:
OOPS!!
What was the cost of the great
2003 North East Blackout?
Initial estimates suggest that total
costs exceed $6 to $30 billion
(Includes individual & business losses)
Ref: Associated Press: Aug 20, 2003
Under-investment in the US
Electric Transmission Grid
Attention to future needs of the US grid is insufficient
94% of outages attributed to poor distribution
Demand estimated to increase by 9% through 2004; only a
3% transmission increase is planned
No major new investments in the last 15 years
Majority of transmission lines are over 20 years old
Average transmission project payback is 28.5 year
$2 billion annually spent on new transmission lines in 1998…
down by 33% from 1990
Source: Edison Electric Institute
What Types of Superconducting
Equipment Can Help Us?
Underground transmission cables
Fault current limiters
Transformers
Motors
SMES, Generators, etc.
Expected Benefits of
Superconducting Power
Equipment
Decreased equipment size and weight  drives interest in
the US Navy
Improved stability, reliability, and power quality, efficiency 
deferred investment in new electricity generation plant
Flexible electricity dispatch and load management
Increased power transmission over existing rights-of-way
Removal of existing pollution factors including: soil and
water contamination from oil leaks & decreased emission
Other…
Civilian Impact of CAPS
Superconductivity
Applications
Utilities
• Higher density transmission uses & higher
economic productivity
• Reduced environmental impact
Industrial
More cost effective industrial processes:
• Manufacturing & energy production
• Electrical storage, transmission and expansion
Transportation
More cost effective electrical transportation:
• High Speed Rail & MAGLEV technologies
• Electric car / bus
• Ship
Advantages of Superconducting
Underground Transmission
Cables
1.4 acres per mile right of way versus 14
acres for conventional cable
No property devaluation
No environmental degradation
Larger current with lower resistive losses
Fewer citizen resistance & protests
Advantages of
Superconducting Fault
Current Limiters
Detects surges of power and redirects it
to superconducting coils where it is
absorbed at a considerably higher ratio
than non superconducting controllers
Requires minimal maintenance
Allows utilities to increase line power
capacity
Advantages of
Superconducting
Transformers
30% reduction in total losses
45% reduction in weight
20%* reduction in cost of ownership
Extended overload capacity
No fire or environmental problems
associated with insulating oil
*
These advantages are based on a 100 MVA transformer with HTS wire providing a critical
current density of 10 kA/cm2 and AC losses of 0.25 mW/A-m in a parallel field of 0.1 tesla.
Source: ASI,2003.
Advantages of
Superconducting Motors
Increased machine efficiency
As much as 50% reduction in total losses
Smaller in size
Lower life cycle costs
Benefits of Superconducting
Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES)
High Performance
Improved Power
Quality
Ease of Installation
Flexibility
Lower Cost Option
Growth in Florida Electrical
Transmission Line Miles and
Statewide Costs
LINE COST
$2,500,000,000
LINE MILES
14,000
Cost
13,000
$2,000,000,000
12,000
11,000
$1,500,000,000
10,000
Line
Miles
9,000
$1,000,000,000
8,000
$500,000,000
7,000
6,000
$1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000 2010 (EST)
Florida Transmission Grid
115 & 230 & 500 kV Lines
Areas of potential
transmission constraints
Potential Superconducting
Technologies Economic Gains
to the Florida and US Economy
Potential for greater economic productivity
from investing in HTS in the Florida grid.
Total economic losses from the North East
Black out – losses from lack of investments
in the grid.
Results of Growth in Economic
Productivity from Use of
Superconducting Technologies
in Florida
Net annual employment increase of 9,889,
for 2006 through 2025 (With the 2.5%
growth rate).
Florida GRP will annually increase by $500
million for 2006 through 2025.
Real disposable income will annually
increase by $300 million for 2006 through
2025.
Source: CEFA/FSU, Governor’s 2020 Energy Task Force Report (see www.cefa.fsu.edu)
Estimated Economic Losses
from the North East Blackout
Simulated for the US
Electrical Grid and Economy*
Loss in employment of 763,188 jobs.
Drop in wages and other earnings of $32.5
billion.
Reduction in Gross Regional Product of $52
billion.
* Simulated with the IMPLAN Economic Impact Model, CEFA/FSU, Sept 2003)
Conclusions
Shortfalls in investment in the US electrical grid
result in very costly economic and other losses.
CAPS research on Superconducting technologies
hold considerable promise for commercial
applications.
Deployment of these technologies hold promise
to:
Increase economic productivity
Reduce economic disruption and associated economic
and other losses regionally and nationally.