Transcript Chapter 5, Section 4 The Spread of Greek Culture

Chapter 5, Section 4
The Spread of Greek Culture
Today we will learn how Hellenistic
cities became centers of learning
and culture
Greek Culture Spreads
• Alexander’s conquest helped to spread Greek
culture.
• Kings who came after hoped to recreate the
glory of Greece’s Golden Age in their own
kingdoms
Alexandria
• Philosophers, scientist, poets, & writers
flocked to new Greek cities.
• Alexandria was know for it’s library.
– More than 500,000 scrolls
– Useful to students studying literature and
language.
• Also had a museum
– Researchers went to work
Architecture and Sculpture
• Opportunities for Architects:
– New cities were founded/Old ones rebuilt
– Kings wanted cultural centers of Greece
– $$$ to line the streets with baths, theaters, and
temples
• Sculptors made their living:
– Making thousands of statues
Literature and Theater
• Writers supported by the wealthy
• Argonautica – Epic poem written by Appolonius of
Rhodes.
– Tells the legend of Jason and his band of heroes. Sail the
seas with searching for a ram with golden fleece
• Theocritus – wrote short poems about the beauty of
nature.
• No more SNL
• Menander – best known playwright.
– Told stories of love and relationships
Philosophy
Epicurus & Zeno showed the world different ways to look at happiness
Epicurus
Zeno
• Founded Epicureanism
• Taught happiness was the goal
in life
• Pleasure meant spending time
with friends at not to worry
about things.
• Avoided worry by staying out
of politics/public service
• Developed Stoicism
• Zeno was so poor – no $ for
lecture hall
• Taught from the “painted
porch”
• Happiness came from
following reason not emotion,
and doing your duty.
• Present day meaning – love of
physical pleasure (good food)
• Present day meaning – not
affected by joy or grief
Review
• Kings wanted to recreate _______________?
• ____________ had the best known library of its
time.
• Argonautica is about…
• People no longer made fun of __________ in
plays
• _____________ believe you would be happy by
serving in public office.
• _____________ believed you would be happy by
hanging out with your friends.
Greek Science and Math
Today you will learn
that Hellenistic
scientist made major
discoveries in math
and astronomy
Astronomers – study stars, planets, and other
heavenly bodies
Aristarchus
• From Samos
• Claimed the sun was the
center of the universe
• The Earth circled the sun
• Idea rejected by other
astronomers.
– Thought the Earth was the
center.
– How self-centered!!!
Eratosthenes
• In charge of the library at
Alexandria
• Way before Columbus:
– Concluded: the Earth is round
• Used geometry/astronomy to
measure the Earth’s
circumference.
• How close was he?
– His :39, 702 km,
– Actual:40,008 km
Greek Medicine
• 400s BCE – separation of medicine from religion
• Hippocrates – pioneer of medical science
– Stressed the importance of examination, a healthy diet, and
understanding symptoms.
• Hippocratic oath – promise never to harm and always car
for patients
•
The link between the caduceus of Hermes and medicine seems to have arisen by the
seventh century A.D., when Hermes had come to be linked with alchemy. Alchemists were
referred to as the sons of Hermes, as Hermetists or Hermeticists and as "practitioners of the
hermetic arts".
–
Alchemy - a form of chemistry and speculative philosophy practiced in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and
concerned principally with discovering methods for transmuting baser metals into gold and with finding a
universal solvent and an elixir of life.
Mathematicians
Euclid
• Elements
• Plane geometry-shows how
points, lines, angles, and
surfaces relate to one
another.
• King Ptolemy I – “what’s the
easy way?”
• Euclid: “there is no royal
way to learn geometry.”
Archimedes
• From Syracuse
• Solid geometry – study of
spheres and cylinders
• Pi- π - 3.14159265358979…
• Also an inventor:
– Created CATAPULTS as a
request of his king to defend
the city from Roman invasion
• Killed by Romans.
Review
• Hellenistic scientist made discoveries in math and
_________________.
• Who used geometry to measure the Earth’s circumference?
(and was right!)
• Euclid was insulted by what question asked by King
Ptolemy?
• How did Euclid respond?
• Aristarchus believed _________ was the center of the
universe.
• ________ geometry is the study of spheres.
• Archimedes invented_____________ that were used to
defend the city from Roman invasion.
End of Lesson!
CATAPULTS
• Archimedes designed catapults – machines that
hurled arrows, spears, and rocks.
• So let’s bring science into the history class!
• You will design a catapult on a much smaller scale.
Catapulting Marshmallows!!!
• You will work with your study groups to create
a catapult and launch a marshmallow.
• Get out your group member role contract
• Turn 5 desk to make a table top.
• Get into your study groups
• Decide group member roles.
• I will bring supplies/worksheet to each group
• Work cooperatively within YOUR group
• Worth 2 daily grades!
What does working cooperatively look like?
Being helpful, kind,
considerate, agreeable, polite,
respectful of all classmates.