Transcript Slide 1

CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
The Post-2015 National Consultations in Serbia
CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY
•United Nations Country Team and the Government of Serbia conducted the consultations
in cooperation with SeConS, Center for Study in Cultural Development and Belgrade Fund
for Political Excellence
•The consultation methodology comprised of the following sub-components:
Opinion poll on a representative sample of the population of Serbia of age 15+;
Web survey
Social media consultations (Facebook and Twitter)
Face-to-face consultations (focus group discussions, workshops, World Café sessions, indepth interviews)
OUTREACH AND RESPONSE
The number of responses received through different consultation events and
communication channels was very high, resulting in over 300,000 contacted
individuals.
In addition, a significant number of other important actors were mobilized:
 numerous CSOs (NGOs, Trade Unions),
 several artists,
 entrepreneurs,
 representatives of academia,
 representatives of various governmental institutions and bodies.
CONSULTATION RESULTS
Half of respondents who participated in the survey think that unemployment is a major
problem in the country, followed by corruption and poverty, which is the same as in the
last wave of consultations when unemployment and poverty were stressed as key
obstacles to development of Serbia.
Key problems in Serbia perceived by citizens
14%
Unemployment
5%
Corruption
9%
49%
Poverty
Indecent work
Inefficient and incompetent rule
10%
Other
13%
“ I b e lieve t h a t t h e key p r o b le m lie s in t h e
values. If we agree which values we want
t o p r o m o t e a n d h o w t o d o i t e f f i c i e n t l y, w e
will solve several problems at once. The
o t h e r p r o b l e m i s , I w o u l d s a y, l a c k o f
readiness for cooperation between
sectors…”
(FGD participant)
CULTURE AND POVERTY REDUCTION
There are three major ways in which culture can contribute to poverty
reduction:
 By supporting cultural industries through
which people could be economically
empowered.
 By supporting the creativity of people who
could use it to improve their position.
 Culturally-sensitive approaches to
development programmes.
CULTURE AND POVERTY REDUCTION
KEY MESSAGE:
The importance of cultural industries in Serbia is growing. People in
Serbia are prone to engage in cultural industries and this could be
used as a generator of income, an engine of development and a tool
for eradication of poverty. Coordinated policies of support to the
growth of cultural industries are needed.
30.2
%
54,4%
Not at all
Yes, to
some
extent
4,0%
8.8%
Yes,
completely
Don’t
know
Do authorities in Serbia work enough in the field of
supply of cultural events/products?
“But, looking back on these two years, all
those actions, all those impossible actions
that we were capable of organizing, they
didn’t have an impact because there was no
solidarity with other groups. And all of this is,
in my opinion, linked to the consciousness of
o u r p e o p l e . I b e l i e v e t h a t i t ’s h a r d t o c h a n g e
anything if we don’t teach people how to stand
u p f o r t h e i r r i g h t s .”
( Pa r t i c i p a n t i n w o r k s h o p w i t h Tra d e U n i o n s )
CULTURE AND EDUCATION
How are culture and education connected:
 Education has a crucial role in
forming and nurturing productive
and creative culture.
 Tolerance and anti-discrimination
are values that need constant
attention and support within the
education system.
 The educational system is a crucial
institutional framework for the
development of a culture of
entrepreneurship and individual
achievements.
CULTURE AND EDUCATION
KEY MESSAGE:
Educational system in Serbia develops values of tolerance and
solidarity and it is a crucial institutional framework for development
of culture of entrepreneurship and individual achievements. A
systematic approach to development of education in
entrepreneurship should be developed.
100%
24.4
80%
60%
40%
20%
29.5
46.1
34.5
15.4
34.8
23.1
42.3
49.8
0%
Culture of
tolerance and
solidarity
Educational system
Culture of
environmental
protection
Government
Culture of
entrepreneurship
Other (individuals, experts…)
Which main stakeholders
should be recognized as
bearers of change in the
educational system in
following cultures?
“Culture belongs right there, in that methods
part. If culture is to have an effect and shape
real consequences, it is through inclusion in
upbringing and educational processes, because
culture and art develop critical thinking.
Contrary to other subjects, for instance,
programmatic units and approaches, if you
work through the arts, you develop critical
thinking, attitudes, you develop sensibility and
w o r k o n a c o m p l e t e l y d i f f e r e n t l e v e l .”
(Participant of FGD)
CULTURE, GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENT
Two key aspects were put in focus:
 Culture-related projects that
contribute to the empowerment of
women and their more pro-active
participation in cultural industries.
 Promoting a culture of diversity,
tolerance and respect for human
rights, contributes to the
improvement of gender equality.
CULTURE, GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENT
KEY MESSAGE:
Cultural production is the best promoter of gender equality in
Serbia. However, gender equality is not fully achieved yet.
Supporting cultural industries in the promotion of gender equality
should be of utmost importance.
In your opinion is gender equality supported in various areas of cultural
industries in Serbia, such as movies, music, literature? (Citizens of Serbia)
48%
28%
Yes
No
24%
Don’t
know
“Culture, art as a tool to bring the issue of
women and discrimination to the public. More
p r e c i s e l y, n o t i n a u t i l i t a r i a n s e n s e , w h a t
benefit could that bring, but as a tool that
speaks about women in a more attractive,
i n t e n s i v e a n d e m o t i o n a l w a y .”
(Participant of FGD)
CULTURE, SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND URBANIZATION
How is culture connected with urbanization?
 Culturally-aware policies in cities should promote respect for diversity, the transmission
and continuity of values and inclusiveness.
 Careful urban planning should preserve equal access to cultural events, access to open
spaces and provide for healthy urban living
 Culture-led redevelopment of urban areas will preserve the social fabric, improve
economic returns and increase social and environmental determinants of health.
 Promoting sustainable tourism activities within cities as the driver for economic
development.
CULTURE, SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND URBANIZATION
KEY MESSAGE:
Cultural heritage in Serbia is rich, cities have plenty of opportunities
to develop tourism, but the strategic planning and management
should be improved.
In your opinion, is Serbia doing enough to preserve cultural heritage in
cites/municipalities? (Citizens of Serbia)
“Culture is urbanization per se and it can be
learned. The space in which it has been learnt
is in the adoption of a value system. That is
w h y, w h e n w e s p e a k a b o u t u r b a n i z a t i o n , t h e
question of public space, we speak about
culture and the question of education. In this
triangle we can speak of culture that can lead
t o s u s t a i n a b l e c i t i e s .”
(Representative of a NGO)
CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
How can culture influence environment and climate change:
 Values that are critical to more responsible consumption and
enhancement of environmental sustainability.
 Preservation and revitalization of the cultural and natural heritage.
 The conservation of existing historic cities and districts.
CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
KEY MESSAGE 1:
Culture provides efficient tools for raising environmental awareness.
There is a vast space for artistic creativity in appealing for improved
environment protection.
KEY MESSAGE 2:
23%
13%
Not sure
Yes
64%
No
In your opinion, does Serbia do enough to
face climate changes?
(Citizens of Serbia)
Awareness of climate changes risks in Serbia has
increased; citizens behave more responsibly in this regard
than central and especially local institutions. More should
be done to raise central and local administrations’
capacities in natural disaster risk reduction and
prevention.
“ The width of culture allows us to find our own
way for solving our own problem. It is of
utmost importance to motivate people through
different actions to deal with the environment,
and culture provides us with the practical
t o o l s f o r t h i s .”
( Pa r t i c i p a n t i n Wo r l d C a fé d i s c u s s i o n o n c u l t u re
and environment)
CULTURE, INCLUSION AND
RECONCILIATION
Culture in service of inclusion and reconciliation:
 The rehabilitation of cultural heritage and c u l t u r a l i n d u s t r i e s can
help communities affected by conflict regain a sense of dignity and
normalcy.
 Guaranteeing cultural rights, access to cultural goods and services, free
participation in cultural life, freedom of artistic expression, and nondiscrimination in access to all developmental services, are critical to forging
inclusive and equitable societies.
CULTURE, INCLUSION AND
RECONCILIATION
KEY MESSAGE:
In Serbia there are mechanisms set for protection of cultural
diversity and inclusion of minorities, but more could be done
to improve practices of inclusion and decreasing
discrimination.
Which of the following persons would you not like to live in your neighborhood?
(top five)
Drug addict
Ex criminal
Alcoholic
Homosexual
Emotionally unstable person
“If we want to raise tolerance and fight
discrimination, citizens of Serbia should travel
more, meet other people and learn about other
cultures”
( c o m m e n t f r o m t h e s u r v e y, m a l e s t u d e n t )
MEDIA AND DEVELOPMENT
Role of media in development:
 Media should play a huge role in creating and spreading values that
provide social cohesion.
 Independent media are of vital importance for the advancement of
a culture of participation and culture of democracy.
Majority of
media in
Serbia pay
enough
attentione to
culture
Majority of
media in
Serbia has a
positive
impact on
cultural
patterns
(attitudes,
believes)
Majority of
media in
Serbia
develop
primitive
behaviour.
Independent
media are
important
for the
developmen
t of
democracy
Majority of
media in
Serbia
support a
submissive
culture
72.3%
51.7%
I agree
27.3%
28.6%
67.1%
The percentage of respondents who
partly or completely agree with the
listed statements.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENTADIONS
….and this is why the following
recommendations have
emerged:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENTADIONS
1. Providing an adequate policy framework
for the affirmation of culture as an engine
for development.
2. Cross-sectorial approach to culture, where
strategies in other sectors will include the
issue of culture in their agendas.
3. Stable financial support of culture and
cultural institutions.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENTADIONS
4. Development of cultural industries and cultural tourism.
5. Change of school programs and capacity building of
teachers is needed.
6. Use of cultural tools to further increase gender equality
both on the level of awareness raising and in the
creation of real life opportunities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENTADIONS
7. Define what are cultural components of inclusive and
healthy urban living, what is their role in the
development of a city, how they can be financed, and
how they can be managed.
8. Protection and promotion of natural sites as cultural
heritage.
9. Build tolerance and avoid discrimination by learning
about other cultures. This could be done through
different artistic forms, but also through traveling and
meeting other cultures and their heritage
10.Workshops and trainings should be organized for media
representatives.
11.Activism of citizens should be empowered since they
mostly stress the state as the major actor of change
Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence
organized consultations with CSOs in Serbia
• Nation-wide consultations with CSOs were held in the form of
round-table discussions
• 3 meetings were held in Nis, Novi Sad and Belgrade
respectively
• Consultations gathered approx. 100 CSO representatives
• Topics – culture &
– gender equality, inclusion and reconciliation (NS)
– education and poverty reduction (NI)
– sustainable cities and urbanization; the environment and
climate change (BG)
Cross-cutting issues
participation of citizens in decision-making related to
development needs to be increased
cultural policy-making needs to be decentralized to the
municipal level, i.e. closer to citizens and responsive to
priorities of each community
Culture and arts need to be promoted and studied as a
tool for reinforcing solidarity, tolerance, generating critical
thinking, forming views, values and stimulating initiative;
these need to be addressed systematically
It is important to support cultural diversity and raise
awareness of the prospects diversity brings to the society
as a whole
Cross-cutting issues
Interlinks between culture, development and education
should be identified and strengthened – multi-sectoral
cooperation and networking are the precondition; the role
of life long learning should be underlined
Special attention should be devoted to improvement of a
political culture and a culture of dialogue
Community actions, grass root citizens’ movements and
local initiatives aiming at improving every-day lives should
be recognized and supported by the authorities
The role of media becomes crucially important in terms of
promoting values
Center for Study in Cultural Development
participated in consultation process providing:
• Data from its research activities and projects (20092014)
– Local cultural policies
– Cultural resources of the regions in Serbia
– Values and cultural activism of graduated students in
Serbia
• Data based on the international cooperation practice
– UNESCO Convention on the protection and promotion of
the diversity of cultural expressions
POTENTIALS AND CAPACITIES
• Cultural institution network
 Around 550 cultural institutions
 25 administrative regions or districts, 167 municipalities
and cities
distribution of cultural institutions
 Around 10.000 employees in cultural sector
 Over 2.000 cultural civil society organizations
 Over 900 cultural events and festivals
Cultural infrastructure in Serbia according to legal
status of institutions
• around 550 cultural institutions in 167 municipalities and cities in Serbia
founded by the state / state funding
4,7%
founded by the Province of
Vojvodina / province funding
91,9%
founded by cities and minicipalities
/ local (city) funding
3,4%
Cultural institution network in Serbia according to
the type of activity
multifunctional cultural centers
4.8% 5.2%
libraries
2.3%
5.7%
museums
galleries
34.3%
3.4%
11.6%
archives
32.7%
institutes for cultural heritage preservation
theatres
other (folklore groups, foundations,
legacies...)
Difficulties and challenges for cultural policy
Financing
– Share of culture in budgets of cities/municipalities and
its structure
Salaries
19.9%
Novi Sad – 35,7
Niš - 20
Beograd – 19,5
Kragujevac – 17,5 euro
20%
10%
0%
22.3%
Programs
30.5%
40%
30%
Material
costs
19.8%
18.3% 13.7%
9.2%
6.9%
1.5%
57.8%
Difficulties and challenges for cultural policy
Long-term / strategic planning
National cultural development strategy is in progress
 Deficiency of local cultural development strategies (in cities and
municipalities)
 Lack of development strategies of cultural institutions

• Cooperation
 Institutional
 Intersectoral (with education and tourism sector)
 Intersectoral (with private and civil society actors)
 International (particularly cross-border)
Difficulties and challenges for cultural policy

Development of Creative Economy and Cultural Industries
Number of legal entities according to cultural industries sphere,
2012
5046
2491
1203
1363
443
Entrepreneurs
327
197
Design and Audiovisual and Publishing and Visual arts and Manifestations Cultural and
creative services interactiv media
printing
crafts
and festivals natural heritage
Hristina Mikić, Mr. Sci. Creative industries Serbia, Creative Economy Group, 2014, Belgrade.
Webpage: www.kreativnaekonomija.com,
Studies available at www.kreativnaekonomija.com/studije
Difficulties and challenges for cultural policy
The structure of creative sector actors according to
their legal status, 2012
5%
Companies
47%
Entrepreneurs
Public institutions
48%
Hristina Mikić, Mr. Sci. Creative industries Serbia, Creative Economy Group, 2014, Belgrade.
Webpage: www.kreativnaekonomija.com,
Studies available at www.kreativnaekonomija.com/studije