Transcript Overview Environmental Energy Technologies Division
Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in India: Opportunities in the Electricity Sector
Dr. Jayant Sathaye, Dr. Amol Phadke and Ranjit Bharvirkar Energy Analysis Program Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA Presented at the Forum of Indian Regulators 25-26 September 2008 Work supported by the US Departments of State and Energy, and the ClimateWorks Foundation
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Managed by the University of California for the US Dept of Energy • Founded in 1931, about 4000 staff • 12 Nobel Prizes – IPCC (2008) – Jayant Sathaye • Berkeley India Joint Leadership on Energy and Environment (BIJLEE) program starting in October 2008 • Utility programs – — Distribution loss reduction — Demand-side management programs — Load research and generation planning — Transmission reliability — Renewable energy
Motivation
Electricity shortage accompanied by blackouts and load shedding is common across India In Maharashtra, electricity deficit reached 4800 MW in 2008 or more than 25% of available capacity
Maharashtra State April 28th, 2008 Net Exch. (MW) 39 86
8000
110
6000
63
4000
-9 -9
2000 0
9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -31 -27 67 118 144 94 16 11
1
8 9 9 8 13
3
MSEDCL Catered Demand (MW) 10413 9928 10032 9897 9634 9803 9480 8887 8769
5
9794 9745 9471
7
Load Shed. (MW) 1076 1055 1061 1420 1822 1759 2564 3487 3646
9
3719 4036 4535
11
MSEDCL Demand (MW) 11456 11562 12044
S
12374 12415 13513 14006
13
12783 13183 TPCL+RE L Demand (MW)
15
1942 1811 1708 1660 1635 1684 1761 1769 1770
17
1772 1799 1790 State Deman d (MW) 13431 12794 12801 12977 13091 13246 13805 14143 14185
19 21
15285 15580 15796 FREQ. (HZs) 48.72
48.78
48.78
48.89
48.94
48.95
49.14
49.26
49.09
23
49.27
49.12
49.19
Key Issues
Electricity shortage Affects industrial production quantity and quality, Lower production and sales lead to reduced sales tax payment Government loses sales tax revenue LBNL estimates sales tax loss of Rs. 9 /kWh not served Shortage met partially by use of inefficient diesel and gasoline micro generators with high CO2 emissions Savings potential Energy savings potential of about 6800 GWh/year CO2 savings potential of 3-5 Mt CO2/year
Project Concept
:
Improve efficiency of electricity use
Marginal cost of procuring new supply: 8-10 Rs./kWh Marginal cost of demand reduction: 0.9 - 5 Rs./kWh demand or 0.6 – 3.2 Rs./kWh supply Assuming 28% supply loss
LBNL Maharashtra study found that energy efficiency is the least expensive and quickest option to reduce shortage
Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Delhi
Preliminary Estimate of the Saving Potential (MU) in 3 years (Residential) 8.0
AC(R) 7.0
6.0
Avoided PP Cost Utility Benefit T5(R) SolarWH(N+R 5.0
4.0
3.0
Average Tariff
`
Consumer Benefit LPG WH(N) T5(N) 2.0
CCE CFL(R) AC(N) 1.0
Refrigrtr(N) 0.0
0 200 CFL(N) NG WH(N) 400 600 800 1000 1200 Cumulative Saving Potential in 3 years MU FY2008 to FY2011 CCE Rs/kWh Avoided PP Rs/kWh 1400 1600
Efficiency Programs Being Implemented Worldwide – China (Jiangsu Province), US, Zambia, Thailand ….
• Jiangsu Province had saved 300 MW at the end of 2007 • Jiangsu targeting to save 462 MW or $197 million USD in 2 years, at a cost of Rs. 2.5/kWh •Source: State Grid Corporation DSM Instruction Center.
•http://www.efchina.org/FProgram.do?act=list&type=Programs&subType=4&id=0&pageno=3
14,000 Efficiency Programs Being Implemented Worldwide – US (California) Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation) (kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data) 12,000 United States 10,000 8,000 6,000 California 2005 Differences = 5,300kWh/yr = $165/capita 4,000 2,000 0 US GDP/capita Cal GSP/capita
Per Capita Income in Constant 2000 $
1975 2005 % change
16,241 18,760 31,442 33,536 94% 79%
Success story: DSM & Energy Efficiency in California
Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Energy Efficiency Portfolio Goals Are Going Up
• PG&E and Maharashtra generation capacity is similar ~ 20-25 GW • PG&E’s energy efficiency goals are increasing significantly
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 PG&E Cumulative Peak Savings (MW) Goals * 1168 1388 1624 1878 2156 936 708 503 323 161 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
• California expects to meet approximately half of demand growth with energy efficiency through 2013 • PG&E 2006-08 energy efficiency budget of ~$1 billion
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 PG&E Annual Electricity Saving (GWH) Goals * 744 744 2004 2005 829 2006 944 1053 1067 1015 1086 1173 1277 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
* From CPUC Decision 04-09-060
Demand-Side Management: California Approach
California Regulatory Commissions: 1. Public Utilities Commission and 2. Energy Commission Commission orders California Utility utility companies to pursue DSM programs Companies, e.g. and allows cost recovery Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) implement DSM programs Suppliers of efficient equipment Provides financial and other incentives to suppliers and/or consumers Electricity Consumers Critical Feature: Electricity Savings cannot be metered directly; Important to monitor and verify meter readings before and after efficient equipment is installed
Project: India Load Research and DSM Programs
Initiated in the state of Maharashtra Maharashtra has the largest capacity in India – about 19,000 MW All four major utility companies are participants in the project Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) – unbundled into three companies BEST (Muni) Tata Power Company (Private) Reliance Energy (Private) Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) is the primary counterpart Utility companies have limited capacity for generation planning and load research No data collection on load components and forecasting
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): Sharing what works
14 4/26/2020 Dr. Jayant Sathaye
Maharashtra-California Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
• • •
MOU Parties
—Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission • Chairman Dr. Pramod Deo —California Energy Commission • Commissioner Dr. Art Rosenfeld —California Public Utilities Commission • Commissioner Dian Grueneich —Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • Director Dr. Steve Chu
Maharashtra MOU signed in December 2007 MOU ready for signature with DERC
Focus Areas for Capacity Building: Regulatory and Utility Roles
• Regulatory practices and policies for promoting clean energy options to provide appropriate incentives to utilities • Load research • DSM implementation models — Utility implemented programs — Energy service companies • Methodologies for setting baselines and monitoring and verification of savings
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