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HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Review in slides
Male Sex Workers
Last updated: November 2014
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
CONTENT
Data availability and population size estimates
HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
National Response
2
Data availability and population
size estimates
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Male sex workers (MSW) size estimates, countries where
data is available, 2007-2011
Country
Estimated male sex workers
Year of Estimate
1
Bangladesh
32,484
2010
2
Malaysia
5,000
2009
10,450 - 12,302
2011
Highway Districts
4,733 - 5,767
2011
Kathmandu Valley
5,717 - 6,535
2011
Nepal
3
4
Pakistan
63,000
2007
5
Thailand
18,239
2010
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.Bangladesh Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014; 2. Ministry of Health Malaysia, & World Health
Organization. (2009). National Consensus Workshop: Estimation and Projection of the HIV Epidemic; 3. HIV/AIDS and STI Control Board, & National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control. (2011). Mapping and Size Estimation of Most-At-Risk-Population in Nepal-2011: Vol.1 Male Sex Workers, Transgender, and their Clients; 4. National
AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Inter-Provincial Coordination. (2012). Pakistan Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2012; and 5. Sub-Technical Working Group
on Projection and Estimation, Situation Analysis Working Group. (2012). Size Estimation for Sex Workers, Power Point Presentation at Size Estimation Stakeholder
Seminar, 10th January, 2012, Richmond Hotel, Nonthaburi.
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Inclusion of MSW in latest available sentinel and biobehavioural surveys
Country
Sentinel and/or
Bio-behavioural
surveys
Behavioural surveys
Comment
HSS 2011
2013*
*Midline survey
among MSM, MSW,
and TG in Dhaka
-
Behavioural study 2010
1
Bangladesh
2
Fiji
3
Nepal
IBBS 2012
IBBS 2012
4
Pakistan
SGS 2011
SGS 2011
5
PNG
IBBS 2010
IBBS 2010
6
Philippines
IBBS 2013
IBBS 2013
7
Thailand
IBBS 2010
HSS 2013
IBBS 2010
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on HIV Sentinel Surveys and Bio-Behavioural Surveys
MSM/MSW/TG-SW in
Kathmandu valley
5
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSM who sold sex to men, 2008-2013
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
58
last 12 months
last 6 months
last 3 months
last month
last sex
Undefined period
64
60
49
48
43
63
44
38
34
27
23
13
4
8
10
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys; 2) Lan, W., Lu, W., L.Norris, J.,
Dong-min, L., Wei, G., Zheng-wei, D., & Ning, W. (2012). HIV Prevalence and Influencing Factors Analysis of Sentinel Surveillane among Men who have Sex with Men in China,
2003-2011. Chinese Medical Journal, 125(11), 1857-1861.; 3) Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., Deo, M. N., Talala, M., Brown, M.,Navokavokadrau, S. (2011). Secret Lives,
Other Voices: A Community-based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji.;4) Philippines Department of Health, National6
Epidemiology Center (2013). 2011 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Suveillance (IHBSS)
HIV prevalence and
epidemiology
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
HIV prevalence among MSW, countries where data is
available, 2009-2013
%
20
18.3
16
14.2
12.2
12
8.7
8
4.5
4
0.6
1.1
1.6
0
* Dhaka, **Shenzhen, *** Port Moresby
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2.HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3. www.aidsinfoonline.org;
4.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial
Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA.
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
HIV prevalence data on MSW is scarce but it indicates
higher HIV prevalence than FSW in most of the countries,
2011-2013
%
FSW
MSW
25
19.0
18.3
20
14.2
15
10
5
8.7
7.0
0.3 0.6
12.2
1.7
0.6 1.6
0.3 1.1
2.2
0
Bangladesh* Indonesia
(2013)
(2011)
Nepal**
(2012)
Pakistan
(2011)
PNG
***(2011)
Philippines* Thailand****
(2013)
(2012)
* FSW data is for 2011
** Kathmandu data reported as national; FSW data is for 2011
*** Data for Port Moresby
**** MSW data is for 2010
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3) icddr,b, 2013. HIV Midline
9
survey among MSM, MSW & TG (unpublished); and 4) www.aidsinfoonline.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Syphilis prevalence among MSW, countries where data
is available, 2009-2012
Shenzen, China (2009)
12.9
Port Moresby, PNG (2010)
6.5
Dhanka, Bangladesh (2011)
4.2
Kathmandu valley, Nepal
(2012)
2.2
Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
(2009)
1.9
%
0
5
10
15
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money
Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA. ; 2.Kelly, A., Kupul, M., et al. (2011). Askim Na Save (Ask
and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South
Wales.; 3. IEDCR, & ICDDR, B. (2011). National HIV Serological Surveillance, 2011 Bangladesh - 9th Round Technical Report.; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and
10 and
Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)
Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Risk behaviours
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Years (Mean)
Average duration in the profession of selling sex among
MSW, countries where data is available, 2007-2011
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
6
5
Quetta
Peshawar
Pakistan (2011)
5
Dhaka
Chittagong
Bangladesh (2007)
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey 2006-07: Technical Report.;
12
2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Number of clients
Average number of clients among MSW in the last month,
2007-2012
56
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
4
5
6
7
Ho Chi Minh
City
Hanoi
Kathmandu
Peshawar
Nepal (2012)
Pakistan
(2011)
0
Chittagong
Dhaka
* Bangladesh (2007)
* Last week
Viet Nam (2009)
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey 2006-07: Technical Report.;
2. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and
Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; 4. National AIDS Control
13
Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW reported condom use at last sex,
2010-2013
%
100
98
90
76
80
60
49
55
55
40
27
20
0
Pakistan
(2011)
Indonesia Bangladesh Philippines
(2011)
(2013)
(2013)
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org
PNG
(2010)
Nepal
(2012)
Thailand
(2012)
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW reported consistent condom use
with male clients, 2007-2012
0
20
40
60
80
100 %
16
Dhaka ,Bangladesh (2007)
last week
32
Chittagong ,Bangladesh (2007)
Larkana ,Pakistan (2011)
Karachi ,Pakistan (2011)
last month
7
last 6 months
9
84
Kathmandu ,Nepal (2012)*
Port Moresby ,PNG (2010)
Shenzhen ,China (2008)
undefined period
27
* with one time paying male
anal sex partner
37
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey 2006-07: Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control
Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and
Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. ; 4.Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People
Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 5. Cai, W.-D.,15
Zhao, J.,
Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections,
86(1), 15-20.
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW who reported transactional sex with
female, 2007-2012 0
10
20
30
40
Last month
Kathmandu, Nepal (2012)
Dhaka,Bangladesh (2007)
Chittagong,Bangladesh (2007)
4
5
3
9
4
40
Last 6
Last 12 months months
Pakistan (2011)
Shenzhen,China (2008)
Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam (2009)
Hanoi,Viet Nam (2009)
50 %
32
18
Had sex with FSW
10
20
Sold sex to female
14
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey 2006-07: Technical Report.;
2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3.Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), 15-20.; 4.Ministry of
Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey
among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW with overlapping risk behaviours,
countries where data is available, 2007-2012
50
%
Inject drugs
Had sex with PWID
40
34
30
20
18
16
10
5
1
11
7
2
7
8
2
0
Dhaka
Chittagong
* Bangladesh (2007)
* In last year
Kathmandu
**Nepal
(2012)
** In last month
Quetta
Karachi
*** Pakistan (2011)
*** In last 6 months
Hai Phong
Ho Chi Minh
City
****Viet Nam (2009)
**** Ever injected drugs;
Had sexual partner who
inject drugs
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey 2006-07: Technical Report.;
2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological
and Behavioural Survey 2009; 4. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)
and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Vulnerability and
HIV knowledge
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW with comprehensive HIV knowledge,
2007-2009
100
%
80
60
40
20
0
Pakistan,
2008
Thailand,
2009
Bangladesh,
2007
Indonesia,
2007
Nepal,
2009
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.
National response
www.aidsdatahub.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW reached with HIV prevention
programmes, 2007-2013
%
100
74
80
54
60
62
34
40
20
79
9
9
12
0
Definition of reach : Know where to go to receive an HIV test
and had been given condoms in the last 12 months
21
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Proportion of MSW who received an HIV test in the last
12 months and know their results, 2010-2013
Indonesia*, 2011
89
Nepal, 2012
59
Thailand, 2012
52
PNG, 2010
44
Bangladesh, 2013
35
Philippines, 2013
15
Pakistan, 2011
5
0
* denominator is only those who answered
HIV testing related questions and not all
surveyed population.
20
40
60
80
%
100
It is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling
varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and
it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level.
Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South Asia
Sex Workers
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Criminalize sex
work in private
Criminalize
soliciting
Men who have sex
with men
Criminalize maleto-male sex
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in 23
Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South-East
Asia
Sex Workers
Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Criminalize sex
work in private
NOT ILLEGAL
NO
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
Criminalize
soliciting
YES
YES
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
Men who have sex
with men
Criminalize male-tomale sex
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in 24
Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in East Asia
Sex Workers
Men who have sex
with men
Criminalize sex work Criminalize soliciting Criminalize male-toin private
male sex
China
YES
YES
NO
Japan
YES
YES
NO
Mongolia
YES
YES
NO
DPR Korea
YES
YES
NO
Republic of Korea
YES
YES
NO
Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in 25
Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in the Pacific
Sex Workers
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
FSM*
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Criminalize sex
work in private
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Criminalize
soliciting
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO INFO
YES
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Men who have sex
with men
Criminalize maleto-male sex
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
*Federated States of Micronesia
Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in 26
Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)
HIV and AIDS
Data Hub for Asia-Pacific
THANK YOU
slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports.
Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please
acknowledge www.aidsdatahub.org if slides are lifted directly from this site
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