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Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Radiation Accidents
in the Former USSR
(Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov
International conference
02 October 2012, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Radiation Accidents Register of Burnasyan FMBC
Radiation accidents register of Burnasyan FMBC (former Institute of
Biophysics) was created in 1985.
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Radiation accident data:
the date of accident,
location,
conditions of radiation exposure,
the reasons of accident (if there is information),
the main radiation factors,
information on health effects - including involved in an emergency situation
and patients with clinically significant effects, ie acute radiation sickness
(ARS) or local radiation injuries (LRI), and died in the acute phase of
radiation injury.
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Radiation Accidents
in Russia and the Former USSR Territory
Number of
Number
of
accidents
Total
Incl with ARS
Incl died
1. Incidents with radioisotope facilities and its
sources (total)
94
171
51
16
2. X-ray units and accelerators (total)
43
52
-
-
3. Reactor accidents (without Chernobyl) & loss
of control over the criticality of fissile material
33
82
73
13
4. LRI cases of "Mayak" Plant (1949-56)
5. Accident at the nuclear-powered submarines
& accidents at nuclear tests
168
168
-
-
5
141
93
12
6. Other accidents (total)
12
17
7
2
7. The Chernolbyl accident, 1986
1
134
134
28
356
765
358
71
Accident classification
TOTAL (1949-2011)
victims
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Chernobyl Accident, 1986
Total
Number of victims (total)
134
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
134
ARS (II-IV)
93
ARS (III-IV)
43
ARS(IV)
21
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
54
LRI only
Died
-
28
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Reactor Accidents (without Chernobyl 1986)
Total
Reactor
accidents
Criticality
control loss
Number of accidents
33
16
17
Number of victims (total)
82
42
40
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
73
42
31
ARS (II-IV)
39
30
9
ARS (III-IV)
25
20
5
ARS(IV)
13
10
3
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
31
26
5
9
-
9
13
10
3
LRI only
Died
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Accidents with Criticality Control Loss
Database sample (1953-1997):
Criticality loss accidents in Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk):
1953. 2 victims with ARS, no died
1957. 6 victims with ARS, 1 died
1958. 4 victims with ARS, 3 died
1958. 2 victims with ARS, 1 died
Criticality loss accidents in Kurchatov’s institute (Moscow):
1953. 4 victims with ARS, no died
1961. 4 victims with ARS, no died
1971. 3 victims with ARS, no died
1971. 4 victims with ARS, 2 died
1968. Tchelyabinsk (Sungul). 2 victims with ARS+LRI. 2 died
1970. Sormovo. Atomic submarine reactor accident. 5 victims with ARS+LRI. 3 died
1997. Sarov. Criticality loss accident. One person had died
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Accidents with Radioisotope Facilities
Total
60Co
137Cs
192Ir
others
94
17
19
39
19
Number of victims (total)
171
28
58
56
29
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
51
15
13
11
12
ARS (II-IV)
27
9
7
3
8
ARS (III-IV)
11
6
1
-
4
ARS(IV)
6
3
-
-
3
34
9
12
9
3
LRI only
120
13
45
45
17
Died
16
3
9
1
3
Number of accidents
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Accidents with Radioisotope Sources
1975. 3 people have been irradiated as a result of failure of the shipping container to transport the source
60Co. One of them - the driver died as a result of irradiation
1982. Azerbajdzan SSR. Powerful source 137Cs was in the pocket of the cloak and the soldiers
took turns wearing this cloak. 18 victims were irradiated and 5 of them had died
1982. A powerful source of 137Cs was in the building blocks of a dwelling house, resulting in
prolonged exposure of the residents. 2 people died as a result of irradiation
1984. Loss the source 60Co in the city of Gorkij led to irradiation with clinically relevant effects of 8 people,
4 of them had been diagnozed with mild ARS, no died.
The maximum adverse effects occurred with the "lost" sources, when a significant
number of people involved in a situation exposed to radiation
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
X-ray Units & Accelerators
Total
X-ray
units
eaccelerators
p+
accelerators
Number of accidents
43
30
10
3
Number of victims (total)
52
38
11
3
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
-
-
-
-
ARS (II-IV)
-
-
-
-
ARS (III-IV)
-
-
-
-
ARS(IV)
-
-
-
-
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
-
-
-
-
52
38
11
3
-
-
-
-
LRI only
Died
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Atomic Submarines & Nuclear Tests Accidents
Total
Number of accidents
5
Number of victims (total)
141
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
93
ARS (II-IV)
37
ARS (III-IV)
19
ARS(IV)
12
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
74
LRI only
48
Died
12
1961. Atomic submarine K-19:
total - 54
ARS+LRI - 30
died - 8
1968. Atomic submarine K-140:
total - 68
ARS+LRI - 44
died - 4
1985. Atomic submarine K-314
(Chazhma):
ARS+LRI – 7
10 died after explosion
1956. Nuclear tests:
Film operators and military persons were
exposed from the radioactive fallouts.
ARS – 8
no died
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Other Accidents
Total
Number of accidents
12
Number of victims (total)
17
Including: ARS (total, I-IV)
7
ARS (II-IV)
3
ARS (III-IV)
2
ARS(IV)
2
ARS(I-IV)+LRI
3
LRI only
10
Died
2
Classification difficulties,
suicides, etc
In addition:
168 accidents at the enterprises of
"Mayak" Plant 1949-1956 (each case
with LRI is seen as an isolated
accident)
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Accidents in the Nuclear Industry
Years
Number of
Number
of
accidents
Total
1950-1955
188
216
40
4
1956-1960
2
10
10
4
1961-1965
7
12
10
-
1966-1970
10
20
14
6
1971-1975
4
9
7
2
1976-1980
6
8
4
-
1981-1985
3
3
-
-
1986-1990
6
139
134
28
1991-1995
2
2
-
-
1996-2000
1
1
1
1
2001-2005
1
1
-
-
Total
230
421
220
45
Include
with ARS
victims
Include
died
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Professional Membership of the Victims
Number of
Number
Accidents
(total /
population
involved)
Total
Powerful industrial gamma-settings
5
6
6 / - / -*
2/-/-
Gamma-radiography
52
62
62 / - / -
-
10 / 4
23
5 / 6 / 12
-/1/-
30
35
33 / 2 / -
-
15 / 15
42
- / 2 / 40
-/-/2
Economy sector
Medical use of ionizing radiation
Science & education
“Lost” sources (include crime situations)
of
Include
victims
Include died
ARS+LRI
*Industrial workers / workers non-ionizing radiation / population
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Medical Case Reports of Radiation Accidents Victims
For each irradiated patient in the radiation accidents who was observed
and treated in specialized clinics there is the detailed medical case
reports.
All information is digitized and represented in the computer database.
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Human Acute Radiation Injuries (Burnasyan FMBC Database)
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Human Acute Radiation Injuries
(Burnasyan FMBC Database)
Friendly user interface
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Human Acute Radiation Injuries (Burnasyan FMBC Database)
Skin & undelying tissue burns
Postradiation dynamics of the formed elements
of peripheral blood and the maximum
temperature
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
The Value of Information Resource
Radiation accidents register
and Human Acute Radiation Injuries Database
constitute a unique information resource
for the study of clinical radiation pathology of man
and of the methods of treatment,
which can be used to support decision making by specialists
in the diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation injury
patients.
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
The Main References:
1. Soloviev V.Yu., Ilyin L.A., Baranov A.E., e.a. Radiation Accidents in the
Former U.S.S.R. In: Medical Management of Radiation Accidents. Second
Edition. Edited by I.A.Gusev, A.K.Guskova, F.A.Mettler. CRC Press Boca
Raton London, N.-Y., Washington, D.C. 2001, p.p. 157-172.
2. Ilyin L.A., Soloviev V.Yu. Med. radiology and radiacionnaya bezopasnost,
2004, 49, 6, p. 37-48 (Russ.).
3. Soloviev V.Yu., Baranov A.E., Barabanova A.V. et al. Med. radiology and
radiacionnaya bezopasnost, 2011, 56, 3, p. 5-13 (Russ.).
4. Soloviev V.Yu., Barabanova A.V., Bushmanov A.Yu. Med. radiology and
radiacionnaya bezopasnost, 2012, 57, 5 (Russ.).
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Thanks for your attention!
Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data)
K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia