Transcript Diapositiva 1

Mineral Resources Expert Group
The European Union 2020
Strategy: implications for
geosciences-innovative visions
for raw materials
Nikolaos Arvanitidis, Greek Institute of Geology and
Mineral Exploration (IGME-GR)
Warsaw, September 19, 2011
EUROGEOSURVEYS(EGS)
The Geological Surveys of Europe
• Representing 32 national
geological surveys (and
the regional surveys of
three countries)
• The mission of the
EuroGeoSurveys Mineral
Resources Expert Group
(EGS MREG) is to
provide the best
available mineral
expertise and
information based on
the knowledge base of
member geological
surveys, for policy,
industry, communication
and education purposes
on European level.
EuroGeoSurveys RM related history
EGS Mineral Resources Expert Group
(MREG) has been and is actively
involved in raising sustainability
and growth potential issues of
European Raw Materials (RM)
• Zero Study: Resource Use in
European Countries
• Analysis of the competitiveness of
the non-energy extractive industry
in the EU
• Strategic EU initiatives, like the
Thematic Strategy for Sustainable
Use of Mineral Resources and RMI
• Criticality and best practices ad-hoc
WGs of DG-ENT
• The RM flagship initiative under the
Europe 2020 strategy and the
European Innovation Partnership
(EIP) objectives and targets
EGS background instruments
Existing tools: European Technology Platforms (ETP) such
as Sustainable Mineral Resources (SMR) , ECTP, …;
Organisations such as EUROMINES, IMA..; European and
joint national R&D projects on RM, such as ProMine, EOMINERS, EUROGEORESOURCE, SARMA, POLINARES,
AEGOS… ; Private Public Partnership e.g. Eco-Design
Existing measures: Waste Framework Directive, NATURA,
CIP
Existing initiatives: Raw Materials Initiative (RMI),
Thematic Strategies (Sustainable Use of Natural Resources,
Waste Prevention and Recycling)
Europe needs
• To improve and ensure the security of supply of nonenergy materials along the entire value chain through
– exploiting sustainable mineral resources from inside its borders
– recycling more, finding alternatives and substitutions for critical
minerals
– being more resource efficient
• Strategy for solutions
– Europe 2020 strategy aims to achieve smart, sustainable and
inclusive growth, supported by seven flagships.
– Industrial Policy; Innovation Union; Resource Efficient Europe
are Key Flagships in the context of Raw Materials
EIP 2020 target
• Answers to the various common societal challenges
• EIP – concept for medium to long term deliverables
– Demonstrating ten innovative pilot plants for
primary and secondary raw materials extraction,
processing and recycling, and finding substitutes for
at least three key applications of critical raw
materials (REE, PGE)
– RM dialogue at international level, including better
cooperation between the EU and African countries in
particular by helping the implementation of the
African Mining Vision 2050.
Europe is lagging behind
Exploration investment/km2
Average yearly investments forecasts in non-ferrous mineral exploration by
regions -constant US$/km² ($ value on 31/12/07, corrected by the change in
the CPI index)
Data sources: Metals Economic Group, Wikipedia, US Department of Labor Statistics
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
12-15
0
EUROPE
81
41
46
53
65
19
AFRICA
USA
Source: P. Christmann 2009
LATIN
EAST ASIA/
CANADA
AUSTRALIA
EGS MREG EIP response
targets be quantifiable by 2020
• Knowledge base / Infrastructure can be established by
2015, capitalizing from the most relevant added value
achievements and deliverables of the recent and on
going EU projects on this domain.
• 3-D pan European geological model developing in
particular the main identified high potential areas for
2020
• Developing of new view on European geology in relation
to mineral resources (mainly reinterpretation of
metallogenesis)
• consider exploration as an R & D program/pilot action
option
• EU level harmonization and standardization of national
datasets
Europe needs advanced exploration
It all starts with understanding
where mineral deposits
occur, how they are formed,
and how they can be
sustainably extracted!
and
Innovation is needed in the
whole value chain as many
critical products are
available as by-products of
primary mined base metals
ProMine databases
http://promine.gtk.fi
• Mineral deposits database
• Anthropogenic
concentration database
• Mining district database
To develop the first pan-European GIS-based database containing the
known and predicted metalliferous and non-metalliferous resources,
which together define the strategic reserves (including secondary
resources) of the EU.
To calculate the volumes of potentially strategic metals (e.g. cobalt,
niobium, vanadium, antimony, platinum group elements and REE)
and minerals that are currently not extracted in Europe.
ProMine-Nano-particle products from new mineral resources in Europe
Location of deep mineralizations
The future of mining of metallic
minerals in the EU, if any, will be
conditioned by the discovery and
exploitation of deep-seated
concealed deposits. These are
deposits not outcropping on surface,
located anywhere between a few
hundreds of meters and 3 to 4 km
Airborne- EM
• The deeper parts of Europe’s geology
offer vastly untouched geological
potential
• Mining of deep seated deposits is likely
to be much more acceptable by local
populations than surface mining due to
its much reduced environmental impacts
Airborne – TEM
Titan 24 - IP
<50 m
Mapping
Seismic
sounding
Drilling
200-400 m
Several kilometers
Better understand the 3rd dimension
By 2020 to have in operation ten innovative pilot plants
for raw materials extraction and processing and
recycling, and to find substitutes for at least three key
applications of critical raw materials.. A raw material
dialogue at international level will be up and running.
Why not a pilot “plant” assessing the 3D geology and
mineral potential in Europe?
(without new discoveries –
no mines – no extraction –
no pilot plants necessary!)
Source: Pär Weihed, LTU-CAMM, 2011
Critical raw materials for the EU
http://ec.europa. eu /enterprise / policies / rawmaterials / documents /index_en.htm
meet the demand
of critical metals
such as Co, PGE, REE,
and Sb (e.g. expected to
increase by the factor
of 8 for In and Ge or
even 20 for Ga by 2030).
www.igme.gr
World Rare Earth reserves and supply
China produces currently more than 95% of total world production
• World Rare Earth reserves
are very large at 99Mt and it
is likely that undiscovered
resources are large.
• The largest individual
reserves are in Inner
Mongolia, California and
Greenland.
• Ore grades range from
around 10% down to as
little as 1%.
• The EU is almost 100%
reliant on REE imports,
primarily from China.
REE primary sources
• Rare earths are moderately
abundant in the earth’s crust,
some even more abundant
than copper, lead, gold, and
platinum.
• While more abundant than
many other minerals, REE are
not concentrated enough to
make them easily exploitable
economically.
• New mining projects could
easily take 10 years to reach
production. In the long run,
however, the EGS mineral
expects expect that global
reserves and undiscovered
resources are large enough
to meet demand.
• Carbonatite associated
deposits e.g. Greenland,
Norway
• Peralkaline rock associated
deposits e.g. nepheline
syenites in Greenland,
Sweden
• Apatite bearing iron ore
deposits e.g. Kiruna
Sweden
• Skarn deposits
• Placer deposits e.g. shelf
concentrations in Greece
• Residual deposits e.g.
Laterites in Greece
EGS involvement in EIP proposals
New exploration technologies
for defining the European
deep mineral resources
• 7 years
• 128 M€
• Building a Pan-European 3D
geological mineral resource
model.
• ProMine & ETP-SMR links
• Technical, economic,
environmental, social
impacts for Europe
EGS involvement in EIP and NMP proposals
• European Minerals
Network - eMINEnt
• EIP proposal
– 8 years (2012-2020)
– 48 € million
• 2012 FP 7 NMP call proposal
– 2 years (2013-2014)
– 2-3 € million
• enhancing knowledge base
of minerals and metals
• improving competitiveness
and economic growth
• better understanding of the
environmental impacts of
resource use and
contributing to green
economy
eMINEnt proposed programmes
• DEPOSIT / EU mineral deposit database
Product: Map of mineral deposits in Europe, 3d
modelling
• RESOURCE / EU mineral data / statistics
Product: European Minerals Yearbook
• OUTLOOK / EU mineral outlook
Product: European Minerals Outlook - Annual / biannual
• COORDINATION/ Horizontal
activities/Harmonization
Product: Annual / biannual publications, Web portal
Potential for commodity focused exploration
Mineral resources base:
• Many potential primary and
secondary sources exist within
EU’s land and marine
environment
• Active exploration – good
results; further effort to new
prospecting targets during the
next five years (up to 1,5 and
4,0 km depth)
• Secondary resources (it is
estimated that over 4.7 billion
tonnes of mining waste and 1.2
billion tonnes of tailings waste
are stored all over EU)
• By-product potential
Bottlenecks to be addressed:
• Limit to growth is not
geological in EU
• Access to land is key
• Improve the security of
sustainable minerals supply
• Recycling and substitution,
important but not stand
alone solutions
• Potential for critical metals to
be extracted from primary
and secondary resources
• The challenges not only
economic but societal and
environmental
European Minerals Strategy and Mining Vision 2020 urgently needed!!!
Discussion – what will be achieved?
• Base for innovative projects, exploration,
investment and supply & growth,
• Access to land & avoiding land use conflicts,
• Information for national mineral policies,
• Need for future research & exploration to
secure sustainable mineral resources
• Improved standardization and certification,
• Green mining/Green public procurement.
Thank you for your attention
http//:nikolaosarvanitidis.eu
[email protected]
[email protected]