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From V T S to V T M I S - NET
History
Functions
Facilities
Classical aids to navigation
Classical aids to navigation
(beacons, lighthouses, buoys):
proven since more than
1000 years, but
use limited to good visibility
Predecessor of RADAR
Telemobiloskop:
First application of
electromagnetic waves
to detect metallic objects
Patent pending 1904
Short detection range
Development towards VTS
Before and during last world war development of RADAR
1948 first civil shorebased radar station in Liverpool
1951 first civil shorebased radar station in Iymuiden
1956 first shorebased radar chain along New Waterway
1960 shore based radar chain Elbe
20 years later more than 200 ports with radar world-wide
1985
IMO VTS Guidelines
1997
Review of IMO VTS Guidelines
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TRAFFIC RISK and its REDUCTION
Risk of traffic = combination of
- probability that a damage happens
- potential amount of damage
Risk of maritime traffic results from
- relation of vessels to vessels
- relation of vessels to fairway
Risk may be low or
increased but still acceptable or
unacceptable = danger
Traffic Management Functions reduce Risk
Traffic Management Functions
Function
Contributing entities
ships admin. navaids VTS
Rules
Rout. monitoring
Allocat. of space
Manoevres
Enforcement
Remedial funct.
others
VTS and the shipborne decision process
basic shipborne data
ship
decision
phys. elem.
traffic
feedback
addit. info
services
of the
VTS
fairway
other services
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V T S
The different levels of the shipborne decision process
mission level
transport from port of dep. to port of destination
up to the ship owner / shipping company
strategic level
sailing plan (route, schedule)
ship master, pilot, VTS by I.S. or T.O.S.
tactical level
navigation plan (intended course and speed)
ship master, pilot, VTS by N.A.S.
command level
rudder and engine command
ship master, pilot
IMO V T S Definition
Vessel Traffic Services:
A service implemented by a Competent Authority,
designed to improve
the safety and efficiency
of vessel traffic
and to protect the environment.
The service should have the capability
to interact with the traffic and
to respond to traffic situations
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developing in the VTS area
VTS as a system and its elements
V T S
national
legal basis
internat.
recommend.
Men
Machine
Method
Aims:
safe and efficient traffic
environmental protection
Fundamental functions of a V T S
traffic
fairway
DATA COLLECTION
traffic situation
DATA DISTRIBUTION
communication phrases
traffic image
rules, regulat.
data exchange
vessels
DATA
EVALUATION
interaction?
Services
Informat. Serv.
Nav.Ass. Serv.
Traffic Org.S.
Services of a V T S
Information
Service
broadcast or single information on request
- general traffic and fairway situation
- special events
- weather and tidal forecast
Navigational
Assistance
Service
assistance during difficult situations, updated
- position related to the fairway
- surrounding traffic
- advice on course o.g., warning if needed
Traffic
Organization
Servcice
traffic monitoring and control
- prevention of accidents
- space allocation
- enforcement and other necessary measures
Co-operation with
allied services,
emergency services,
adjacent VTS
data exchange with interactive services
action agreement if needed
data provision for non-interactive services
Technical equipment of a V T S
traffic
vessel
vessel
fairway
contr.
radar
DF
radar
etc.
radar
DF
radio or cable links
VHF
contr.
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1
A1
radar data
processing
A3 ANNI
B5 KI EL
C1 WA L
DF data
processing
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A1 EL BE XYZ
A3 ANNI
B5 KI E L
C1 WAL
ship data
processing
AIS
A1
A1
Navigational Assistance Service
data
exch.
A3 ANNI
B5 KI EL
C1 WAL
km
T
A3 ANNI
B5 KI E L
C1 WAL
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
Information & Traffic Organisation Service
VTS operators
IMO does not specify if VTS operators shall be
- civil servants
- municipal servants
- pilots
but points at responsibility of VTS Authorities
that VTS operators are qualified and trained
according the services to be provided
Annex 2 of the VTS Guidelines gives recommendations
VTS users and user publication
Users of a VTS = all who profit from a VTS, e.g.:
ship masters, pilots
allied services
allied authorities
emergency services
shorebased population
to perform navigation
for resource planning
for planning, accountancy and statistics
for immediate availability
to enjoy a clean environment
User publications = to inform about facilities and harmonize use:
World VTS Guide
Standard Marine Communication Phrases
IALA VTS classification
VTS operators are users of VTS equipment to perform VTS services
Applications and benefits of VTS
Safety of traffic
impaired by:
wrong or missing decision due to
improved by:
Information Service
- lack of information
for general precaution
- wrongly interpreted information
Navigational Assist. Service
- not considered information
defects of equipment due to
- unexpected break-down
- unsufficient maintenance
to decrease rising, still acceptable risk
Traffic Organization Service
to prevent unacceptable risk
Applications and benefits of VTS
Efficiency of traffic
impaired by:
delays of vessels due to
improved by:
Information Service &
- meteo- /hydrologic conditions
Navigational Assist. Service
- defects of shipborne equipment
to assist easy flow of traffic
- missing aids to navigation
unadapted sailing plan due to
- missing availability of resources
poor resource management due to
- missing information on exact ETA
Traffic Organization Service &
Assistance of allied services
to optimize sailing plans
to improve resource planning
Applications and benefits of VTS
Environmental protection
impaired by:
accidents with polluting cargo
shipborne spills of polluting cargo
- inadvertently
- unconsciously
- deliberately
improved by:
Traffic Organization Service
- special guidance of D.G. transports
- surveillance of sensitive areas
- identifying pollution originators
Co-operation with
emergency services
- ensuring duly state of ships
- alerting and making remedial actions
Applications and benefits of VTS
Results when V S T have been implemented:
On an average
the accident rate was decreased by about
50 %
and previous delays of traffic during difficult situations
like fog, gales or ice were minimized
resulting in decreased costs for ships and harbours
Present technical limitations of VTS
Main sensor: pimary radar
raw radar:
synthetic radar (tracks)
no automatic identification
limited detection rate
echoes due to limited resolution:
- no scaled presentation of real target
- not symmetrical to real target
limited tracking facility due to
- target loss
- target swop
delayed indication of
- position
- speed
during course or speed alterations
Outlook on future VTS development
shore based
pilotage
increasing importance of
Navigational Assistance Servcice
shipborne
ECDIS, DGPS, AIS
decreasing importance of
Navigational Assistance Servcice
increasing ships‘ sizes
and confined fairways
improvement
of multimodal
transport chain
increasing
environmental sensibility
increasing importance of
Traffic Organization Servcice
increasing importance of
Co-operations with allied services
increasing importance of
Traffic Organization Service and
Co-operation with emergency services
Co-operation with adjacent VTS and allied services
VTS 1
ship data
exchange
VTS 2
ship data
provision
ship data
provision
third users
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ship data
exchange
„VTMIS“
VTS 3
VTS  VTMIS
VESSEL
VTS ( IMO)
Co-ordination (IALA)
Co-ordination (COST)
RTIS (EURET)
VTMIS (4th F.P.)
TRANSPORT
EXT. AREA
VTMIS: Development of content and definition
Report „TRANSPORT RESEARCH / VTMIS 1996“:
VTMIS = Vessel Traffic Management and Information System
Aims:
- Integration of EDI tools to form a VTMIS by providing all needed data
for VTS management, value added services and in emergency
situations
- performance requirements for radar as the main VTS sensor
- research to outline technical and operational requirements for VTS
VTMIS Concerted Action Definition 1988:
VTMIS = Vessel Traffic Management and Information Services
It implies that all services in the area, such as VTS, Allied Services and
other information services, are interlinked and cooperate according to
commonly harmonized procedures.
VTMIS
Vessel
Set of efforts ... to minimize risks for
Traffic
safety and the environment, whilst
Management maximizing the efficiency of waterborne
and connecting transport
VTMIS
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Intend to respond to public and private
demand for Vessel Traffic Management.
... does not presuppose the existence of
any specific type of equipment.
It implies that all services in the area ...
are interlinked and cooperate according
to commonly harmonized procedures.
V T S and V T M I S
Objective
VTS
VTMIS
General aims
safety of traffic
efficiency of traffic
environmental protection
support of allied activities
management of traffic
handling of data relating to ships
Considered services
allied services
emergency services
adjacent VTS
Considered activities
exchange of data
provision of data
action agreement
supra-national coordinated VTS
cooperation betw. neighbouring states
full or restricted acces to VTS data
YES
YES
V T S and V T M I S
Preconditions
Competent Authority
responsible for
operation and
user publication
centre &
common operators
common training
recommendations
VTS
VTMIS
YES
NO
Present use of the term „V T M I S“
Producer:
VTMIS = Super-VTS
„incorporates the latest State-of-Art technology“
Port Technology: VTMIS = ultimate development from a basic
VTS via VTMS to a system integrating safety
and efficiency of traffic and (logistic) information
IALA VTS Co.:
Abbreviations as „VTIS“, „VTMS“ and „VTMIS“
should not be used in such (classification)
documents as they cause problems of
comprehension for mariners
VTMIS-NET
Local/
Regional
Node
Local/
Regional
Node
Harbour
GD, ETA, ETD
Harbour
GD, ETA, ETD
National
Node
VTS
ID, POS, SP
VTS
ID, POS, SP
Allied rout.
Services
Allied rout.
Services
National
Node
European Network
Emergency
Services
Meteo/Hydro
Fairway Info
Chart
Service
National
Node
Emergency
Services
National
Node
Meteo/Hydro
Fairway Info
Chart
Service
euronet.ds4
Potential Participants of a V T M I S - NET
VTMIS
infrastruct.
sensors
voice com.
data com.
data bases
VTMIS network and internal operations
vessel&way
carrier
cargo&pass.
VTMIS
data
input
+proc.
PAR TICIPANT S
PARTICIPANTS
data
input
+proc.
infrastruct.
VTS
routine
sensors
voice com. data com. data bases
VTMIS network and internal operations
vessel&way
VTS
routine
support
others
carrier
cargo&pass.
tech. ass.
port operat.
freight
port st.c.
passenger
terminal
statistics
emergency
manpower
lightering
regulat. serv.
standards
equipment
public rel.
notices
VTS gd.
charts
press
maintenance
tech. ass.
freight
port st.c.
support
others
emergency
manpower
port operat.
passenger
terminal
statistics
accountancy
standards
lightering
regulat. serv.
equipment
public rel.
notices
VTS gd.
charts
press
maintenance
VTMIS-NET: Intentions and Experiences
1) VTMIS-NET shall enable (added value) services for users
2) Users tend to adapt to the present state
3) Demonstrations shall illustrate potential benefits
4) VTMIS-NET has had predecessors (EVHA, EASI, EWTIS)
5) Users confirm wish for enhanced data availability
but often hesitate to raise corresponding costs