Transcript Stationary Sources Work Group – Final Report PM2.5 SIP

Stationary Sources
Work Group
– Final Report PM2.5 SIP
Jennifer Karaffa, Cuyahoga County
Planning Commission, Chair
June 12, 2007
NOACA Air Quality Public Advisory Task
Force
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Scope of Work
Sources other than mobile, including:
 Electric generating units (EGUs)
 Steel mills
 Diesel generators
 Wood-fired boilers (hydronic heaters)
 Fireplaces and wood stoves
 Asphalt plants
 Restaurants
 Road salt
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Scope of Work, continued
The scope included:
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Traditional air pollution control devices
Innovative techniques and practices
Energy conservation and renewable energy
Public education
Enforcement policies
Trading programs
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Automotive Engine Casting
Plants
The closing of the Ford Engine Casting Plant in
Brookpark, Ohio, as announced by Ford Motor
Company, represents the elimination of the
following emissions:
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Ford Engine Casting Plant
Emissions in Tons Per Year
Year
PM
PM10
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
Hg
2006
425
247
449
160
1,431
563
0
2006 data provided by the Cleveland Division of Air Quality
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Steel Mills
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NOx RACT (Reasonable Available Control
Technology)
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Recommended in order to keep NOx levels at or
below current lows at Mittal Steel and Republic Steel
High Efficiency Wet Scrubber on Blast Furnace
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Not Recommended, but reported as an improvement
at Mittal Steel, Cleveland
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NOx Credit Trading Bank
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Ohio EPA would house the bank in which
NOx credits are quantified and verified, for
purchase by new or modified businesses in
Northeast Ohio nonattainment area.
Recommendation – NOx Credit Trading Bank that
allow market forces to shape the credit prices.
Possible mandatory cap and/or retirement of some
credits to be revisited.
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Diesel Generators (Stationary
Engines)
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Large Land-Based Diesel Gen-Sets (used for standby power and load management)
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Medium Portable Diesel Gen-Sets (used for special
events and power outages)
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Recommendation – Retrofit to reduce NOx and PM.
Recommendation – Retrofit to reduce NOx and PM.
Home Diesel Generators (used for power outages)
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Recommendation – Public education campaign to
discourage diesel and encourage propane or CNG.
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Residential Combustion
(Also known as “Who, me?”)
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Outdoor wood-fired boilers (for indoor heat and hot
water) – significant contributor to PM2.5 statewide
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Mandatory “No Burn” on Air Pollution Advisory Days
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Recommendation – Adopt NESCAUM Model Rule for all
new wood-fired boilers.
Recommendation – Adopt state law with local enforcement.
Exemptions for fireplaces, etc., that they are sole sources of
heat.
Voluntary Wood Stove Change-Out Program
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Recommendation –Adopt and secure a funding source.
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Hot Mix Asphalt Plants
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Statewide sources of PM2.5, NOx, SO2
RACT (Reasonably Available Control Technology) for
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants
 Could include:
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Low-NOx Burners
Limestone Injection
Fuel Changes
Good Operational Practices to Reduce Fuel Use
Recommendation – Adopt RACT rule that is flexible.
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Restaurants
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With the exception of switching to low-fat meats, NO
cost-effective controls exist for:
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Underfired charbroiling
Deep fat frying
Flat griddle frying
Clamshell griddle frying
However, for Chain-Driven Charbroiling, catalytic
oxidizers are available.
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Recommendation – Require oxidizers for chaindriven charbroilers. (Small total count, so low
total impact.)
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Road Salt
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Liquefied Brine is becoming the state-of-the-art for
road salt application. Reduces total salt application by
as much as 30%.
 Recommendation –Encourage use of liquefied brine.
● Road Salt Minimization Policies exist
at most jurisdictions.
● Recommendation –Encourage strict
adherence to such policies.
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EGUs
Coal-fired power plants (electric generating units – EGUs)
must comply with the following federal regulations:
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Acid Rain (NOx and SO2 reductions in 1995 and 2000)
NOx SIP Call (NOx reductions began in 2003)
Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) (Phase I will result in NOx
and SO2 reductions starting 2009 and 2010 respectively,
followed by additional Phase II reductions in 2015)
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Recommendation – No “Controls Beyond CAIR”
due to comprehensive federal reg’s, plus USEPA
guidance.
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EGUs, continued
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Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
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Would require purchase of renewable energy in
certain quantities.
FirstEnergy Corporation may offer a voluntary
“Green Energy Option” if approved by PUCO, for
consumer purchase. However, air quality benefits
occur out-of-state where the renewable energy is
produced. Work Group encourages in-state
renewable options.
Recommendation – Long-Term Solution Only.
No air quality benefits that could be quantified for
SIP purposes.
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Energy Conservation
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Wind Power
Energy Audits for Businesses & Municipalities
Encouraging Manufacturing of Energy-Efficient
Components
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Recommendation – Long-Term Solution Only.
As with Renewable Portfolio Standards, no air
quality benefits that are timely and quantifiable in
the nonattainment area for SIP.
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Enforcement Practices
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Increase Staffing at Ohio EPA and local air
agencies to enhance compliance with
existing law.
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Recommendation – Long-Term Solution, only,
because state budget process that would include
2008-2009 is already underway.
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Conclusions
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Stationary sources are significant contributors
to the PM2.5 nonattainment problem.
Controls for previously overlooked sources
such as outdoor wood-fired boilers and home
fireplaces must be considered.
NOx solutions recommended for the 8-Hour
Ozone SIP will simultaneously help PM2.5.
Long-term solutions are needed.
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Questions?
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Jennifer Karaffa, Cuyahoga County Planning
Commission
Amy Wainright, NOACA
Pamela Davis, NOACA
www.noaca.org
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