Transcript Document

History of Greece
Greek history is divided into
the following periods
Prehistory
Ancient times
Hellenistic period
Roman period and
Byzantine Civilization
Ottoman occupation
Modern Greece
According to archeological findings we know that vast areas of Greece
have been inhabited since the Paleolithic era ,2 millions years back.
Prehistory
is divided into
During the Bronze age three separated civilizations flourished in
Greece: the Cycladic, the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilization. All
these ancient civilizations were developed in areas near the sea.
Paleolithic era
from 2 million up
to 12 thousand years back
Neolithic era
(6800 BC - 3200 BC)
the Bronze Age
Cycladic civilization
During the 3rd millennium BC
Minoan civilization
3000-1100 BC
Mycenaean civilization
1900-1100BC
The Cycladic
civilization
has been
developed in
the islands
of Cyclades.
The Minoan civilization
was developed in
Crete,an island of
strategic importance in
the sea route towards
the ancient countries of
Middle East.
The small
marble Cycladic
statues are the
most impressive
famous findings
of this period
The prince
from the
Knossos
palace in
Crete
The third important
civilization, which is
called Mycenaean,
flourished in the Greek
mainland and
particularly in the
peninsula of
Peloponnese. The
major center is
Mycenae
Ancient times (1100 -323 BC)
Classical times ( 5th century BC)-The Golden Age of Pericles
Classical Times in Greece, from 500 BC until the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 BC, are justly considered as
one of the highest expressions of the Greek civilization .
The ideas and concepts, the art and systems of governing
which human mind created during this epoch are of a
diachronic value .
 Athens has been a city for 3.500 years but its greatest
glory was during the classical period of ancient Greece
from which so many buildings and artifacts still survive.
Athens became the cradle of democracy .
Pericles
Pericles was an aristocrat that defended the democratic
values. He dominated in the political life of Athens for
approximately 30 years.
He adopted different political reforms that allowed to
the people to actively participate into politics.
He restored the temples destroyed by the barbarians and
ordered the construction of magnificent monuments, such
as the Acropolis , thus introducing an epoch that is called
"The Golden Age of Pericles “
Currency with the
Goddess Athenas’
head
Hellenistic period (323 BC - 30 BC )
Alexander the great of Macedonia created a vast empire that
expanded from India in the east to Egypt in the south. Greek
civilization (Greek language, religion, culture) was spread in the
world. It lasted from after Alexander’s death in 323 BC until
the Roman conquered his empire.
Roman period ( 30 BC -323 AD) and
Byzantine Civilization (323AD-1453 AD).
In AD 323 the Emperor Constantine transferred the Roman
Empire capital from Rome to Byzantium and founded the new
eastern capital of Constantinople.By the end of the fourth
Century AD, the Roman Empire is officially divided into two
parts: the western and the eastern. Rome, the western part,
gradually collapses, whereas the eastern part becomes reinforced
and is called Byzantine Empire. It will last 11 centuries, until
the Fall of the Constantinople in 1453.
The Byzantine Civilization is a combination of Christianity the new religion – of ancient Greek heritage and Roman tradition
in organization and administration matters. Byzantium presented
major achievements in the department of science, art, law,
philosophy, and literature gave masterpieces to global and
European civilization. In 1453 Constantipople was conquered by
the Ottomans
From the Ottoman period to Modern Greece.
Greece remained under the occupation of the Ottomans for 4
centuries.
Alexander the great
Dafni:byzantine nomastery
Modern Greece
1830: The independence of Greece was
signed.
On 18th September, 1834 Athens was
recognized as the capital of Greece.
 In those days Athens was 300 hectares and
counted 10.000 – 12.000 people .
Photo of Athens at the beginning of the 19th century
Small houses, land ,dirt road.


Nowadays the inhabited area is
30.000 hectares with 3.500.000
people.
The ratio of the urban and suburban
green space in the basin of Athens is
2,55 square metres per resident , while
the European Organization of the
Environment considers the proportion of
10 square meters
per individual hardly
acceptable.
This Athens has vanished
Athens from
the air
Small houses with red tiles
Urban history of Athens
The basic points of the urban development
1834: Athens capital of Greece.
Athens 1840
1837 : University built
1862 : Athens was lit up with gas.
1889 : “electricity “ came to Athens
1896 : Olympic games. The first car was launched
1905 : Asphalt covering of the streets. The first telephone
1907 :The first cinema. The population of Athens was 165.000.
1908: Operation of the first organized telephone center with 800 subscribers.
There were 12 primary schools and 5 high schools.
1920: 30.000 people. About 80 cars in Athens.
1923: Launch of the first “Citroen” taxis.
Minor Asia Destruction: 300.000 refugees from Minor Asia moved to Athens.
Serious problems of cleanliness and water shortage surfaced.
1925: The construction of the dam in lake Marathon started that year in
order to solve the water supply problem of the capital
1940-1944: German possession, National Resistance.
1997: Athens is in charge of the Olympic Games 2004.
2001: The new airport “Eleftherios Venizelos” is built.
2004: The Olympic Games 13-29 August.
100 m..The first event during the
Olympic Games of 1896
Environmental Problems:
 Air pollution – smog
 Excessive use of cars
 Lack of open spaces
 Vast number of cement constructions and the bad
town planning choke the City.
 High temperatures in summer
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smog
Efforts made in recent years:
Car pools round the historical center of the city since 1995
Reformation of some public places, pedestrian zones
Underground parking lots
Improvement of the means of transportation - the metro since 2000
New motorways (Attiki odos)
Tree plantations
Metro map
Olympic stadium
Attiki Odos
Airport of Athens
The ratio of the urban and suburban green space in the basin of Athens is 2,55
square metres per resident , while the European Organization of the
Environment considers the proportion of 10 square meters
per individual
hardly acceptable.
Diachronic development of population in the basin of
Athens
4000000
3500000
3000000
Polulation
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1834 1836 1862 1879 1881 1897 1907 1920 1922 1971 1981 1991 1998
Years
Years
1834
1836
1862
1879
1881
1897
1907
1920
1922
1971
1981
1991
1998
Populati
on
10.000
14.000
40.000
63.000
68.000
130.000
165.000
300.000
600.000
2.800.000
3.370.000
3.500.000
3.450.000