Transcript Document

Responsibilities in Education.
 a federal agency – федеральное
ведомство
the Department of Education (DOE)–
министерство образования
the Secretary of Educationминистр образования
Seal of the United States
Department of Education
Department of Education Structure
The Lyndon Baines Johnson Department of
Education building, ED headquarters in
Washington, D.C.
Responsibilities in Education.
They are responsible for the
education of students between
the ages of 5 & 18,
K-12 [kei twelve] – the years from
kindergarten to 12th grade.
K-12
Responsibilities in Education.
Boards of Education – совет по
вопросам образования
the curriculum
(pl ) курс
обучения, учебный план
16,000 school districts in the USA
School Board – школьный совет
School Board trustees – попечители
Financing
Schools are divided
into 2 categories
according to the way they are
financed:
1)
public (муниципальные);
Public School
Florence State School, located in Florence,
Alabama.
Financing
2) private (частные) :
-non-sectarian
(нерелигиозные, светские);
-parochial – religious
(принадлежит к религиозным
организациям, приходская).
Parochial school in Ohio
Non-sectarian school
The Pembroke Hill School in Kansas City, Missouri
Public School
Federal money comes
in the form of :
grants - субсидии
entitlements - целенаправленно
выделенные средства
Secretary Spellings and First Lady
Laura Bush at the meeting with
students
Problems
Children in wealthy communities (suburbs)
have better funded schools.
Children in city centers attend schools
which are usually underfunded
(недостаточно профинансированный)
This unequal system of funding has a
negative influence on the quality of
education
Private school
tuition payments - плата за
обучение
endowments - дар, пожертвование
donations from parent religious
organizations
Lee Academy, Maine
85 % of American children
attend public schools, 15 % private ones.
School Education
The two stages of school
education in the USA :
1. Elementary School
2. High School
Elementary School
High School
The 8-4 plan organization
The general pattern of education
In the USA is:
 an 8-year elementary school,
 a 4-year high school
The 6-3-3 plan organization
a 6-year elementary school,
a 3-year junior high school
(младшая средняя школа),
a 3-year senior high school
(старшая средняя школа).
6-6 plan organization:
a 6-year elementary school,
a 6-year secondary school.
Elementary school
The core curriculum:
1) Language or Communication
Arts: Reading, Writing, Spelling &
English Language skills;
2)Mathematics;
Elementary school
The core curriculum:
3)Science: usually history and
geography;
4)Social science.
Elementary school
• Choice of subjects begins at 5th & 6th
grade (upper elementary school)
• The school year runs from early
September to the following June.
• Students attend daily from Monday to
Friday.
• Students have homework
High school
There are 2 kinds of school subjects
in high schools:
1)compulsory subjects for all
students:
English
Physical education
Social science
High school
2)Elective subjects (по выбору):
Mathematics
foreign
Languages
Physics
history
chemistry& others
Students attending at the Alaska
University of Technology
High school
vocational training -профессиональное
обучение;
technical education-профессиональнотехническое образование
a high school diploma - аттестат о
среднем образовании
The certificate of the Junior High School
- свидетельство об окончании младшей
средней школы
Vocational training of blacksmith
Riverside Military School
Nicknames
• Students in the 9th grade are called
freshmen (уч-ся 9 класса,
первокурсник, новичок),
• in the 10th grade – sophomores,
• in the11th grade – juniors,
• In the 12th grade - seniors
(старшекурсники).
The academic year
• begins in late August or early
September
• ends in June
3 vacations during the year:
 winter break (каникулы, перерыв),
spring break,
summer break.
The academic year
is one of the
shortest of all
developed countries.
250
200
150
100
50
It ranges from 175
to 184 days.
0
Japan
Russia
The USA
National standards
set up by the National Education
Goal Panel
mandatory [‘m1nd2t2r`]
обязатательные
 they are just recommendations
Сurriculum
During these 8 semesters [si’meste] they must have:
– 4 years of English (Composition &
Literature), which will give him 4 credits
Credit -«кредит», зачетная единица
Карнеги
– 3 years of Mathematics (3 credits).
– 3 years of Science.
– 3 years of Social Science, including 1
year of American History, 1 year of
World History.
– 1 semester of Economics (half a credit).
Сurriculum
– 1 semester of American government
– 1 semester of Practical Art (Typing,
Business, Industrial Arts, Home Economics,
Vocational Education or Foreign Language)
– Fine Arts (Music, Dance, Theatre, Painting
or Sculpture)
– 1 semester of Personal Health
– 1 semester of Physical Education
Lesson of Fine Arts
To receive a diploma students
should:
complete a certain number of courses
study 4 or 5 major subjects per year
during 4 years,
Major subjects should be for an hour
a day, 5 days a week.
Extra curriculum activities
football,
 basketball,
soccer,
volleyball and baseball,
tennis and golf.
school marching bands оркестры
orchestra
choir & chorus
Types of football at American
Colleges
Women’s basketball
The main field at Princeton College
Volleyball
Golf
A college marching band on the
field (Kansas State University)
John Dewey [du:i:] (Дьюи)
• a philosopher and educator (педагог),
• contributed much to American education,
• became the apostle of American schools,
• influenced teaching techniques by
stressing that activity and experimentation
should come first.
Types of high schools:
Comprehensive
Alternative:
- a magnet school
- a storefront school
(street academy)
The comprehensive school
«comprehensive» meaning «all inclusive» комплексная, всесторонняя
The comprehensive schools had 2 functions:
1) to provide an educational program suitable
to the needs of all youth;
2) to unify students of different backgrounds,
abilities & interests.
Baseball team of the
comprehensive school in New
Jersey
Alternative schools
 In the 1970s
 the present day comprehensive schools
were not meeting the needs of all students
 alternative schools were started which are
specialized:
-experimental schools,
-public or private.
Hampshire College