Transcript Slide 1
What is Computer? A computer is a machine that can be programmed to process data (input) into useful information (output). A computer system comprises four main aspects of data handling: input, processing, output and storage. 1 The Nature of Computers • • • • • Speed – essential to our fast-paced society Reliability – extremely reliable / human errors Storage Capability – tremendous amounts of data Productivity – doing better and faster jobs Decision Making – need to take into account financial, geographical and logistical factors • Cost Reduction – holds down teh costs of labor, energy and paperwork 2 Where Computers Are Used? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Education Graphics Retailing Energy – to locate oil, natural gas, coal Law Enforcement – fingerprint, DNA Transportation – car technologies, air traffic Money Agriculture Government Home Healt and Medicine Robotics The Human Connection The Sciences Connectivity Training 3 Computer System Memory Central processing unit (CPU) Input Disk Auxiliary Storage Output Disk 4 Front of the Computer CD-ROM Drive Floppy Drive Keyboard Monitor Mouse 5 Inside the Computer • • • • • • • • CD-ROM CPU Expansion Slots Floppy drive Hard disk Memory chip Motherboard Power Supply 6 Back of the Computer • Cooling Fan • Power Supply • Keyboard Connector • Mouse Connector • Parallel Printer Port • Video Connector 7 Microprocessor • • • Brain of the computer Current chips for PC – Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, Pentium IV and Centrino, Core 2 Duo) – AMD (K-6, Athlon, Sempron) Which do I buy? – Core 2 Duo or Sempron for graphic intensive programs – K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing 8 Auxiliary Storage • • • • • • CD-ROM Tape Backup Hard disk Zip Drive Floppy Disks DVD 9 Auxiliary Storage (Permanent) • Floppy Disk – Most common is 1.44Mb – LS-120 disk is 120Mb • High Capacity Removable Storage – Zip disks (100 or 250Mb) – Jaz Disks (1 or 2Gb) • Hard (Fixed) Disk – Most common are 80 Gb – 1 Tb 10 Auxiliary Storage (Continued) • CD-ROM (800Mb) – Recordable devices also available • DVD drives (4.7Gb-17Gb) – ROM and RAM – Higher capacity than CD • Tape Units – Used for large, unattended back-ups 11 Internal Memory (RAM) • Temporary (erased when power turned off) • Measured in bytes – – – – 1 Byte = 1 character (8 bits) 1 Kilobyte = 210 (~1,000 bytes) 1 Megabyte = 220 (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 230 (~1,000,000,000 bytes) • Need 1024Mb – 4096 Mb of RAM – Want to keep multiple programs & data files in memory – Graphic intensive programs demand a lot of memory 12 Input and Output Units • • • • • • Keyboard Mouse Trackball Scanner Joystick Pen • Monitor • Printers – Ink Jet • • B/W or color Smears – Lasers • Highest quality output 13 Modems/Network Cards • Fax/Modem – 56Kbps/V.90 • Cable Modem – Uses TV cable • DSL Modem – Voice and Data on same line • Network Cards 14 Additional Devices • Multimedia – CD ROM or DVD – Sound Card – Speakers • Other Devices – Scanner – Camera 15 • System – MS-DOS – Mac OS – Unix – Linux – Windows • Application – Word Processing – Spreadsheets – Presentation – Games – Antivirus – Others Software 16 Classification of Computers • • • • Personal Computers Notebook Computers – lightweight and portable Handheld Computers – personal digital assistant (PDA) Midrange Computers – design to serve the needs of medium sized organizations • Mainframes – processing data at very high speed • Supercomputers – process trillions of instructions per second 17 Introduction to Windows 18 Evolution of Windows • Windows 3.1 – First widely used successful version of Windows – Replaced MS-DOS • Windows 95 – Introduced Start button, taskbar for multitasking, and My Computer for easier file management • Windows NT – Intended for business computing – Increased reliability and security 19 Evolution of Windows (Continued) • Windows 98 – Active desktop displays Web content – Enables Web conventions on the desktop • Windows 2000 – Security of NT with Windows 98 Interface – Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 2000 Server • Windows Me (Millennium Edition) – Successor to Windows 98 for home computing 20 The Windows Desktop My Computer Start Button Taskbar (multitasking) 21 Anatomy of a Window • Title bar with Min, Max or Restore, and Close buttons • Menu bar, Toolbar, and Address bar • Status bar and Scroll bars 22 The Devices on a System • • • • Drive A is always a floppy disk Drive B is a second floppy disk (obsolete) Drive C is always a fixed disk Drives D, E, are variable – CD ROM – Zip drive or removable media – Network drives 23 Pull-down Menus • • • • • • • Pull-down menu Dimmed command Ellipsis Check Bullet Arrowhead Submenu 24 Dialog Boxes • • • • • • Tabbed dialog box Option buttons Check box Text box Spin button Command buttons 25 Dialog Boxes continued • Command buttons • Open List Box • Scroll bar • List box • Tabbed dialog box • Help button ? • Cancel button • OK button 26 Moving and Sizing a Window • To Move a Window – Click and drag the title bar • To Size a Window – Click and drag a corner to change the length and width in proportion with one another – Click and drag a border to change just the length or the width 27 Formatting a Floppy • Disk capacity – 720Kb – 1.44Mb • Types of formatting – Quick (erase) – Full • Label 28 File Management • My Computer – Simpler and less sophisticated – Can result in multiple open windows at one time • Windows Explorer – Hierarchical view on left – Contents of the selected folder on the right • Multiple views available for both – Small icons, Large icons, List, and Details view 29 Windows Explorer • Folder – Expanded – Collapsed • Files – Program file – Data file • File names – Name – Extension (type) 30 Moving and Copying Files • Moving Files – Click and drag to a different folder on the same drive – Cut and Paste – Shortcut Menu • Copying Files – Click and drag from one drive to another – Copy and Paste – Shortcut Menu 31 The Help Command • Accessed from the Start button • Tabs – – – – Contents tab Index tab Search tab Favorites tab • Web help 32