25 th Anniversary of the IBM PC By Ray Paternostro Jr.

New Orleans Personal Computer Club August 2006

Introduction of the IBM PC • August 12, 1981 Specifications: • Intel 8088, 4.77mhz

• 16mb-64mb • CGA video – 640x200 • One or two single-sided 180kb floppy drives • Five 8-bit ISA slots • 83 key keyboard • PC-DOS 1.0 by Microsoft

Early 80s PC Evolution • • • • • • • IBM PC-XT, March 1983 Double sided 360k floppy, 10mb hard disk Eight 8-bit ISA slots Intel 4.77 mhz Empty socket for 8087 co processor 128kb memory PC-DOS 2.0

Early 80s PC Evolution - clones • Similar specifications to IBM’s models • Created by reverse engineering the BIOS • Open architecture made this possible Right, top- Columbia Systems PC Right, bottom: Compaq Portable

Further Evolution IBM PC/AT - August 1984 • Intel 80286 processer w/ socket for co-processor • 512kb RAM • 1.2mb floppy • 20mb hard drive which had a high failure rate • Six 16-bit ISA slots, 2 8-bit • EGA video, 640x350 • 84 AT keyboard w/ LEDs • PC-DOS 3.0

IBM missteps • • • PCjr- 1984-1985 Targeted at home users; competition from others was fierce Chiclet keyboard Incompatible with many PC applications • • • • PS/2 line Microchannel architecture 32-bit based, technically superior to ISA bus Outrageous licensing requirements Introduced PS/2 connectors for keyboard and mouse

Further Evolution - clones • Compaq Deskpro line • Leading Edge Model D • Dell Sys325

Into the 90s • Dell Precision 386sx • Tandy 1000HX

Into the 90s, part 2 • Compaq Deskpro 486 • Gateway 486SX

Into the 90s, part 3 • Standard clone PCs • Two Pentium 90s, a Pentium 75, and a Pentium 150

Architecture of PC/AT • PC-AT motherboard Advertisement for replacement motherboard

Architecture of PC AT • EGA video • Western Digital drive interface • Parallel interface • Combo memory w/serial, parallel ports

Architecture of PC clones • IBM PS/2 motherboard • 486 motherboard, AT form factor, VESA Local Bus slots • Motherboard with ISA and PCI slots

Architecture of PC clones • Video cards- MCA, EGA 8-bit, VGA 16 bit, VLB 32-bit VGA • VLB controller

Architecture of PC clones • Configuration of motherboards and peripherals • Jumpers vs. dip switches

Motherboards today

Modern Video cards • GeForce 6200, PCI Express form factor • ATI Radeon X700, AGP form factor

Evolution of portables • Very large and heavy • Used full size components, except for the monitor • Columbia Systems portable, Compaq portable, Zenith 386

Evolution of notebooks IBM 5140 AST 386 Compaq 386 NEC’s first notebook, V30 processor

Evolution of notebooks • IBM Thinkpad 486 • Gateway Handbook 486 • Toshiba 486 • NEC Pentium

Evolution of notebooks • Gateway Solo Pentium • Dell Latitude Pentium II • Gateway Solo Pentium III • IBM Thinkpad Pentium M

PC peripherals - keyboards • IBM PC/AT - 84 • IBM PC/XT - 83 • IBM Model M - 101 • Keytronic – 104 • Focus – 107

PC peripherals - keyboards • Microsoft Natural ergonomic – 1 st version • PC Concepts SK-6000 with integrated touchpad

PC peripherals - keyboards • Microsoft Desktop Elite wireless • Microsoft Remote for XP MCE

PC peripherals - keyboards • Gateway Anykey programmable with macros and key remapping • Kinesis Advantage Pro

PC peripherals- Microsoft mice • Microsoft “Dove bar” mouse • Microsoft Intellimouse with scroll wheel • Mouse inside • Intellimouse Explorer – 1 st version

PC peripherals- Logitech mice

PC peripherals – hard drives • Interface type - MFM

PC peripherals – hard drives • IDE – the dominant interface • SATA – the future

Evolution of modems- Hayes • Internal Smartmodem 300 • External Smartmodem 300 • External Smartmodem 1200 • Optima 336

Evolution of modems- U.S. Robotics • • • • • • 14.4kbps internal ISA 56kbps internal ISA 56kbps internal PCI 9600bps external 33.6kbps external 56kbps external

Printers – HP Laserjets • Laserjet I • Laserjet II • Laserjet IID

Printers – HP Laserjets • Laserjet III • Laserjet IIID • Laserjet 4 • Laserjet 4V

Printers – HP Laserjets • Laserjet 4si • Laserjet 5si

Printers – HP inkjets • Thinkjet – 1984 • Deskjet Plus – 1989 • Deskjet 500 - 1990

Microsoft Windows • Windows 1.0, 1985 • Windows 2.0, Nov 1987 • Windows 2.03, January 1988

Microsoft Windows • Windows 3.0, November 1990 • Windows for Workgroups 3.1, October 1992

Microsoft Windows • Windows for Workgroups 3.11, December 1994 • Windows 95, August 1995

Microsoft Windows • Windows 98, June 1998 • Windows 98 Second Edition, May 1999 • Windows Millenium Edition, September 2000

Microsoft Windows • Windows NT Workstation and Server 4.0, July 1996 • Windows 2000 Professional, February 2000

Microsoft Windows • Windows XP Home and Professional, October 2001 • XP Service Pack 2, August 2004

The future • Home Theatre PCs • HTPC

The future • Small form factor models • Based on Mini-ITX form factor