Transcript Evaluation EU Survey on EUD experiences with

OVERALL SUMMARY
DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS, LOCAL
GOVERNANCE LOCAL AND TERRITORIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Jean Bossuyt
Workshop 13-17 April 2015, Brussels
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WHY THIS INTEREST ?
 The rediscovery of the local level
 Decentralisation –however imperfect- is a reality
 Local Authorities have emerged –as political entities
representing local constituencies
 How to empower Local Authorities ?
 How to make decentralisation “local development friendly”?
 How to integrate local dimension/local authorities in EU
cooperation?
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LAs: A key actor in the
local arena that is not like
the others…
Central Government
Donors
Big NGOs
Ministries
• Health
• Environment
• Education
Power transfers
Accountability
Non market
Privatisation
Individual or
Corporation
ELECTED LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
Administrative
Local
Authority
Customary
Authority
GOVERNMENT
Decentralization
Local Population
NGO
PVO
CBO
“COPRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE”
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WHAT DID WE CO-PRODUCE?
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FIRST
A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHANGING ARENA OF
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND DECENTRALISATION
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(1) IT IS ALL ABOUT POLITICS
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Decentralization : Two Agendas
Decentralization and Local/Territorial Development
Many decentralization reforms don’t promote Local/Territorial Development
because they were neither initiated nor designed to do that
(2) THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN DECENTRALISATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
Empowerment of people through the
empowerment of their local government
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3) EMPOWERING LOCAL AUTHORITIES
LAs have a dual mandate –including a
“general mandate” as political
representative of citizens
AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY
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Proposed approach: capacities will be the
result of the action and not a precondition for
receiving funds
Classic doctrine: ‘resources
follow functions’!!
Central
governments and
donors prepared to
transfer (more)
funds to performing
local authorities
Local authorities
receive funds to
"learn by doing"
and demonstrate
added value
Empowered
local
authori es
Local authorities are
enabled to play a catalyst
role in development and
provide accountability
Citizens see
relevance local
authorities, engage in
collective action and
demand
accountability
The road to change is to directly inject resources into the budget of local authorities
in order to allow them to learn by doing and gradually develop their capacity
The EC Communication "Empowering LAs for
better governance and development outcomes"
LOCAL
DEMOCRACY
Civil Society
(Community
Groups,
citizens…)
……..that engage in the local
political process and demand
transparent and accountable
management of local public
resources
Experimentation with new forms of interactions
between LAs and Civil Society and strategic
alliances with local community and private
sector organizations
Local
Authorities
……..with
RESSOURCES,
POWERS, and
AUTONOMY to respond to
citizens demands
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
MISSING LINK
DECENTRALISATION - DEMOCRATISATION
INSERT TWO SLIDES FROM JESSE
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Policy Model of REPRESENTATION
= Responsiveness &/or Accountability
Responsiveness
(by Authorities)
Policies
Mandates
Accountability
(by Population)
Outcomes
Sanctions
Preferences
Signals
 Actors + Powers + Accountability = Substantive Democracy
Actors, Powers, Accountabilities
Actors/Authorities – who do you ‘choose’ to partner with?
Powers – which powers do you need in the local arena
–For Responsiveness
–For Citizenship
–Subsidiarity?
Accountabilities – which accountability mechanisms matter?
FONT-SCALED PROFIT
DISTRIBUTION in MARKET
Retailers
7%
2500
22%
100
54%
160
16%
11,000
3%
MANY
Urban wholesalers
Merchants/Patrons
Migrant
Woodcutters
Forest Villages
Accountabilities
Define Institutions
Central Government
Ministries:
-Health
-Environment
-Education….
Power Transfer
Donors
Big NGOs
Accountability
Non-market
Privatization
Individual or
Corporation
Elected
Local
Government
Administrative
Local Authority
Customary
Authority
?
Local Populations
NGO
PVO
CBO
?
Participation
?
Missing link with the TERRITORIES
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4) TERRITORIAL PERSPECTIVE
Allocative efficiency AND mobilising additional
resources (“instrumental” view on decentralisation)
LOCAL = Not where but who and how
Territorial perspective (endogenous, incremental
+ multiscalar and spatially planned
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What is needed in territorial
development?
Strategy
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Institutions
What do we often have?
1
2
3
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5) NEED TO BUILD VISION - STRATEGY AND
AN EFFECTIVE INTERGOVERNMENTAL
“SYSTEM”
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A ‘FREE ELECTRON”
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LINE MINISTRIES
Education
Health
Infrastructure
LG
Telecommunications
Environment
Cooperation
FEDERATE?
LGs
LAs: A new actor in the
local arena that is not like
the others!!
Central Government
Donors
Big NGOs
Ministries
• Health
• Environment
• Education
Power transfers
Accountability
Non market
Privatisation
Individual or
Corporation
ELECTED LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
Administrative
Local
Authority
Customary
Authority
GOVERNMENT
Decentralization
Local Population
NGO
PVO
CBO
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SECOND THING WE CO-PRODUCED
STOCKTAKING OF WHAT WE
ALREADY DO…
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A LOT OF GOOD STUFF IS HAPPENING.
A LOT OF GOOD STUFF IS HAPPENING

DELIVERING DEVELOPMENT AT LOCAL LEVEL WHILE BUILDING SYSTEMS
 SEARCH FOR ADEQUATE ROLES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES
 INROADS INTO ‘TERRITORIAL APPROACH” TO LOCAL (ECONOMIC)
DEVELOPMENT
 INVESTMENTS IN CONTEXT ANALYSIS / PEA / TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
 CREATIVE USE INSTRUMENTS
 CHANGING ROLES (=
ARTISTS)
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BUT THERE ARE ALSO MAJOR CHALLENGES
1) KNOWLEDGE
1) QUALITY TIME TO ENGAGE IN PROCESS
1) OUR INSTRUMENTS HAVE LIMITATIONS TO SUPPORT LONGTERM INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE PROCESSES
2) HOW DO I EXPLAIN THIS TO MY BOSSES?
3) POLITICAL SUPPORT
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THE THIRD THING WE CO-PRODUCED :
POINTERS FOR THE FUTURE
TO PROMOTE LD/TD (ADDITIONAL)
TO EMPOWER LA AS LYNCHPIN
TO ENSURE DEC REFORMS ARE FRIENDLY
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MESSAGE 1
NOW YOU HAVE A CHOICE AT LOCAL LEVEL TO
ENGAGE WITH INSTITUTIONS THAT CAN
PRODUCE LOCAL PUBLIC POLICIES AND
PROVIDE DOWNWARD ACCOUNTABILITY

IGNORING LOCAL AUTHORITIES CAN BE
DAMAGING
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Yet even in hostile environments there are
opportunities to support local dynamics
MESSAGE 2
FIRST THINGS FIRST ……
DETERMINE
WHAT YOU WANT
TO ACHIEVE !
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TALD-supporting Program Framework : where to focus ?
Poverty Reduction
Local/Territorial Development
Policy Outputs
§
§
§
Sector Outputs
Decentralization, and
Territorial Development
Policies
Reform Implementation
Strategies &, Programs
Constitutional, Legal and
Regulatory Frameworks
§
§
§
Public Services delivery
Environmental
Protection and
Management
Economic development
& employment
promotion
Institutional Outputs
§
§
§
§
Democratic deliberation
and Policy-Making Capacity
Administrative capacity
Multi-level cooperative
government
Inclusive Governance and
Active citizenship
Financial and Non-financial Inputs
MESSAGE 3
SELECT RELEVANT “ENTRY POINTS” FOR ACTION USING VARIOUS ANALYTICAL TOOLS
BUT KEEP THE OVERALL PICTURE INTO YOUR MIND
FROM THE OUTSET
USE CONCEPTUAL “FRAMES” AS “NAVIGATION
TOOL”
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TALD: Leverage and mobilisation of local resources – an
incremental effect
People outside the
public sector
• Citizens helping
themselves
• Volunteers
• People working in
charities, private
organisations
New assets
• Making use of non-public
assets (e.g., church halls,
local materials,
communal property)
• Handing public assets
over to communities,
charities, private groups
Communities
People
Local
government
Business
Funding
New sources of
funding
• Private philanthropy
• Corporate social
responsibility
• Community
contributions
State resources
Non-state resources
CSO
Assets
Local governments
also have the power to:
•
Regulate, review,
amend, negate or
enforce
•
Raise taxes
Adapted from the Institute for Government. “The Big Society: A framework for policymakers”. April 2011. UK
MESSAGE 4
CHANGING ROLES
THINK AND ACT POLITICALLY
EXPLOIT WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITIES
CREATIVE USE INSTRUMENTS
BE A BROKER AND AN “ARTIST”
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Formulation : Accepting that log-frames are not
cast in stone!!!
① Less emphasis on the
“perfect design” from the
beginning and more on
learning from
implementation;
① Avoid too many
details at formulation stage
(it can create a Procrustean
bed!);
MESSAGE 5
BUILD ALLIANCES TO PUSH FORWARD :

LOCAL/TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

A DEVELOPMENTAL FRIENDLY DECENTRALISATION PROCESS
 INTEGRATING LOCAL LEVEL DYNAMICS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN
ALL RELEVANT AREAS OF COOPERATION PROCESSES
 MAKE EFFECTIVE USE OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS
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