Transcript Slide 1

APA Style…light!
APA Citation 6 th ed. for COM 115
A Guide to Style and Citations for
the 6th Edition
Original presentation created by Laura Burrows, former Writing Center Consultant
APA 6 th Edition
• About $30
• MAJOR CHANGES
• new ethics guidance
• new journal article reporting standards
• simplified heading style
• updated guidelines for reducing bias
• new guidelines for reporting inferential
statistics
• significantly revised table of statistical
abbreviations
• new instruction on using supplemental
files
• expanded content on the electronic
presentation of data
• expanded discussion of electronic
sources emphasizing the role of the
digital object identifier (DOI)
• expanded discussion of the publication
process
Preparation Outline Format for COM 115
Page setup
Style
Mechanics
• 1” on every side of the document
• Single-space within each section of the outline; no extra spaces between paragraphs
(new Word must be adjusted!)
• 12 pt font
• TWO spaces follow punctuation
• Avoid colloquial expressions
• Avoid the use of second person “you”
• Avoid biased language (see “General Guidelines for Reducing Bias,” APA Manual 6th
edition, p. 71-76)
• Use active rather than passive voice
• Select tense carefully
• Be careful about subject-verb agreement
• See APA Manual 6th edition Chapters 3 and 4 for APA preferred standards
Order of Pages
Title Page
Body
References
APA Title Page
 Running head
 Now included in the header
NOTE: This means that the
Running head appears on
EVERY PAGE OF THE PAPER!
Type “Running head”
 a colon
 then an abbreviated version of the
title in all caps
 No more than 50 characters, spaces
included
 Title
 Concise statement of main topic
 Fully explanatory on its own
 Author Name(s)
 Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and
degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.)
 Institutional Affiliation
 If none, list city and state of residency
 Author Note (if applicable)
COM 115 Title Page
 Header
 Right Justified
Appears on every page
Type a shortened version of the
title
 5 spaces
 page number
 Running head:
 Type “Running head:”
 a colon
An abbreviated version of the title in all
caps
No more than 50 characters, including
spaces
 Title of Paper
 Concise statement of the main topic
Fully explanatory on its own
 Author’s Name
 Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and
degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.)
 Institutional Affiliation
If none, list city of residence
Cite Your Sources
APA Style
Cites are Parenthetical
COM 115
Cites are Integrated
ORAL CITATION
Dr. Bourhis says in his 2009 text, Civility in Public
Discourse, a text in which he asserts…
In 2009, Dr. John Bourhis published in Civility in
Public Discourse, a text in which he asserts that…
Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism is…
…using someone else’s
words or ideas as though they
were your own.
…deliberately stealing
someone’s work.
…paying someone to write a
paper.
…a serious offense.
Common Knowledge vs.
Unique Ideas
Don’t need to cite:
 Ideas widely believed to be true.
 Folklore, stories, songs, or saying
without an author but
commonly known.
 Quotations widely known and
used.
 Information shared by most
scholars in your discipline.
 WHEN IN DOUBT…
CITE!
Standard APA Header Levels
These have changed from the 5th edition!
Level One is Centered, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase
Level Two is Flush Left, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase
Level Three is Indented, bold, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a
period. The paragraph follows.
Level Four is indented, bold, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a
period. The paragraph follows.
Level Five is indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The
paragraph follows.
Good news! Now, you will follow the pattern of levels from the top down: if you have one level,
use Level 1; if you have two levels, use Levels 1 and 2; and so on.
American Psychological Association (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Writing the Outline for Speeches
 Single space the text of the outline
 Double space between major sections
 Retype the title on the first page of the outline (the 2nd page of your manuscript)
 Specific Purpose:
 Central Idea:
 Desired Response:
 Center the title of major sections
 Transitions are written as complete sentences
 Contained in parentheses
 Double spacing sets off transitions from the rest of the outline
When to Cite
You DO need to
cite:
You DON’T need
to cite:
Reference List: Basics
 Reference lists should be alphabetized by the
last name of the first authors listed.
 Remember, you can not change the order of
authors within the study!
 Nothing precedes something:
Green, E. C. (2000).
Greene, B. A. (1994).
Harrison, M. R. (2004).
Harrison, M. R., & Blake, C. D. (2001)
The DOI: Digital Object
Identifier
 The DOI is like a social security number for a source. It is meant to help
readers find the exact source you are referencing.
 All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated
by a slash.
 If the source has a DOI, cite it after the rest of the citation is finished:
 Brownlie, D. Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated
bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1245-1283.
doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Reference List, Continued
Multiple works by the same author:
One author: arrange chronologically
• Blake, B. R. (1990)
• Blake, B. R. (1993)
One author, same year: order by title
• Blair, S. M. (2000a). Care and feeding…
• Blair, S. M. (2000b). Observations…
Common Reference Entries
 Book

 Book with editor

 Journal paginated by volume
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 Journal paginated by issue
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Journal Pagination:
Volume or Issue?
Paginated by volume
Some journals begin each issue where the
last left off:
 These journals are paginated by
volume, and do not require the issue
number in the reference citations
Paginated by issue
Journals whose issues each begin on page
one require the issue number in the
reference page to specify the issue in
which an article appears:
 [An article listed in volume 23, page
189, would not tell a reader which
issue contained the article]
Online References
 Article From an Online Periodical
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial visual reactions [Electronic version]. Journal
of Experimental Psychology, 121(1), 15-23.

no print version
 Article from a Database
Holliday, R. E., & Hayes, B. K. (2001, January). Dissociating automatic and intentional processes
in children’s eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75(1), 1-5.
Retrieved February 21, 2001, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A59317927).
 Non-Periodical Web Document

 Chovil, I. (n.d.). What is schizophrenia? Retrieved November 6, 2005, from
http://www.chovil.com/first.html
 Keep them in this order!
When no DOI is included and the URL is given, a retrieved date is needed unless the
source material may change over time (e.g., wikis)
Misc. References
 Encyclopedia Entries
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 Newspaper Articles

193-215.
Contact Information
 Michael Frizell, Writing Center Director
 [email protected]
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 Writing Center
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 Supplemental Instruction
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