Transcript Return on Investment of the Recruiting Process

Background
 Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention Act
(JJDPA) authorizes federal funds to go to the
states for juvenile justice.
 Expectation that states comply with core
requirements and write plans for delinquency
prevention and intervention.
 OJJDP has reporting, oversight and technical
assistance responsibilities.
 Each state has an advisory group to guide plans
and decide how to allocate funds.
History of Juvenile Justice in US
 First juvenile court in Chicago in 1899 – focus on
individualized treatment and rehabilitation
 1960’s – Due Process Protections
 1968 – First Federal Legislation: Juvenile
Delinquency Prevention and Control Act
History, cont’d
 1974 – Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention
Act first passed
 Overwhelming bi-partisan from both Houses of
Congress
 Included support from organizations ranging from
the ACLU to the American Legion, and included
organizations like the ABA and the Boys Clubs of
America
History, cont’d
 1974: Established Separation and
Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders(DSO)
Requirements
 1980: Established Jail Removal Requirement, and
added “valid court order” (VCO) exception to DSO
 1988: Added Disproportionate Minority Confinement
 1992: Elevated DMC to a Core Requirement and added
Title V Local Delinquency Prevention Grants
JJDPA 4 Core Protections
 Jail Removal
 Juveniles should not be placed in adult jails
 Applies pre and post-trial
 “Sight and Sound” Separation
 Applies to juveniles who are temporarily
placed in adult jails
 Must be separated from adult inmates by
“sight and sound”
Core Protections, cont.
 De-institutionalization
of status offenders (DSO)
 Status offenders cannot be locked up
unless they violate a valid court order
 Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
 States must “address” problem of
over-representation
1990s: AKA Decade of the ‘Superpredator’
 “Today, no population poses a larger threat to public safety than young
adult criminals….Brace yourself for the coming generation of
“superpredators”
– Rep Bill McCollum (JJDPA hearing, 1996)
 Rise of ‘get tough’ juvenile justice legislation in states across country
 House: Violent Youth Predator Act of 1996
 Senate: Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997
 National Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention Coalition emerges
 JJDPA last reauthorized 2002, without major substantive changes, but
changed “Disproportionate Minority Confinement” to “Disproportionate
Minority Contact”.
2002: Last Reauthorization
 Negotiated as part of the DOJ Authorization bill
 Expansion of DMC – “confinement” becomes “contact”
 Juvenile Block Grant consolidates targeted programs
into Title II, but appropriators largely ignore the new
structure
 JABG finally gets authorized
ACT4JJ Campaign
 Formed in 2005; co-chaired by CJJ & CFYJ
 Surveyed field on key priorities
 Created platform for reform “Statement of Principles”
 Reached out to stakeholders to endorse
 Created recommendations, fact sheets, reports
 Launched public campaign and website in 2007
2007-2008: Time to Reauthorize
 JJDPA expired in FY2007
 Act4JJ campaign leads push reauthorization in 110th
Congress
 2007 hearings in the Senate Judiciary and House
Education & Labor Committee
 2008 S. 3155 reported out of Senate Judiciary by voice
vote
 GOP cosponsors Collins, Snowe, Specter, Smith
2009: New Administration
 Bipartisan S. 678 introduced in 2009
 S. 678 reported out of Senate Judiciary Committee in
2010
 Sen. Grassley only R to vote ‘yes’
 Sen. Feinstein only D to vote ‘no’
 No House companion bill
 Administration fails to appoint permanent OJJDP
Administrator; proposes deep cuts
 Funding cuts continue
2000s: Decade of Cuts
Coalition for Juvenile Justice - Juvenile Justice Historical Federal Funding Chart
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY02 to
FY12
JJDPA Title II
$88.8
$83.3
$83.2
$83.3
$79.2
$79.2
$74.3
$75
$75
$62.3
$40
-55%
JJDPA Title V
$94.3
$46.1
$79.2
$79.4
$64.4
$64.4
$61.1
$62
$65
$54
$20*
-79%
JABG
$249.5
$188.8
$59.4
$54.6
$49.5
$49.5
$51.7
$55
$55
$45.7
$30
-88%
Mentoring
$16
$15.9
0
$14.9
$9.9
$9.9
$70
$80
$100
$83
$78
+488%
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
0
n/a
JJ Innovation Fund
Other
$91.5
$110.5
$2.5
$9.9
$30
$30
$32
$20
$37.5
$31.2
$94.5
+3%
TOTAL
$546.9
$451.4
$306.7
$346.5
$338.7
$338.7
$383.6
$374.7
$423.5
$276
$262.5
-52%
FY14-FY15 Appropriations
ACT4JJ
Juvenile Justice Federal Funding Chart
FY 2013
% Change
FY12 to
FY13
% Change
FY02 to
FY13
WH FY 2014
Proposal
JJDPA Title II
$44
+10%
-50.5%
$70
Senate FY
2014
Approp.
Committe
e Proposal
$50
JJDPA Title V
(earmarked 90-100%)
$20
0%
-78.8%
$56
$35
$0
$25
-17%
-90%
$30
n/a
n/a
n/a
$20
$30
Earmark in
Title V
n/a
n/a
n/a
$25
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
$90
$100.5
$279.5v
+15%
+6%
+6%
JABG
Juvenile Justice Realignment
Incentive Grants
Community-Based Violence
Prevention Initiative
National Forum on Youth
Violence Prevention
Competitive Grants Focusing
on Girls in JJ
Youth Mentoring
Other
TOTAL
House FY2014
Approp.
Committee
Proposal
FY 2014
Omnibus
Approp.
(HR 3547)
WH FY15
Proposal
$50i
$42ii
$0
$55.5
$15
(all
earmarked)
$0
n/a
$0
$10iii
$11
n/a
$5.5
$18iv
$4
$2
n/a
$1
$4
n/a
$2
$2
n/a
$1
$2
+462.5%
+9.8%
-48.9%
$58
$125.5
$332.5
$61
$88
$279
$90
$86
$196
$85.5
$88
$254.5
$58
$75.4
$299.4
$20
$30
Federal Juvenile Justice Funding, in millions
i
Allows up to $10 million to be used for JABG activities described as “building, expanding, renovating, or operating temporary or permanent juvenile correction, detention, or
community corrections facilities, which are authorized activities under the former JABG program.” Reflects language first inserted HR 3547, the FY14 Omnibus bill which zeroed
out JABG funding.
ii
About half of these funds are earmarked as follows: $5m for tribal youth; $2.5m for gang and youth violence prevention and education; $2.5m for anti-youth drinking
programs; $10m for law enforcement and juvenile justice authorities to collaborate with communities who have received DOE’s School Climate Transformation Grants on
programs to increase school safety and reduce juvenile arrests.
iii
Incentive grants to assist states that use JABG that provide additional funds to States and localities pursuing evidence-based juvenile justice system alignment to foster better
outcomes for young people, less costly use of incarceration, and increased public safety
iv
Grants to replicate successful community-based violence prevention initiatives, including public health approaches to reducing shootings and violence.
v
Does not include budget cuts due to sequestration.
JJDPA Today
 Sept 7th - 40th Anniversary of the JJDPA
 Continue to fight funding cuts in a post- recession world
of discretionary budget caps and sequestration
 Effort to get bipartisan bill reintroduced this year
 Separate bills on DSO protection
 JJDPA Matters Action Center
State Advisory Group Compositions
and Role
 Membership: Appointed by governor
 15 to 33 members
 One fifth under age 24 (when appointed)
 Three members who have been, or currently are, under
the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system
 A majority of members shall not be full-time
government employees (including the Chair)
 At least one locally elected offical.
Specified SAG Roles &
Responsibilities
 Participate in the development of the State Plan.
 Advise the Chief Executive and Legislature on
compliance with the Core Requirements of the JJDP
Act.
 Obtain input from youth currently under the
jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
 Review and comment on grant proposals.
 Monitor programs.
Inherent Responsibilities of SAG
Members
 Advocate, Impact, and Influence:
 Policy
 Procedures
 System Change
 Reform
Role of Youth on State Advisory
Groups
CRITICAL!
Core Requirement Limitations
JJDPA Core Protections
Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders (DSO)
•
•
Definition: Requires that youth with status offenses not
be placed in secure detention or confinement.
Limitations: Valid Court Order (VCO) exception
 Recommendations:
 1. Eliminate the VCO exception to ensure that youth who
commit status offenses are kept out of facilities.
 2. Update the JJDPA to decrease overreliance on youth
incarceration and out-of-home-placement by promoting
family-focused and school-based interventions for truant
youth.
JJDPA Core Protections
Removal of Juveniles from Adult Jails and Lockups (“Jail
Removal”)
• Definition: Prohibits, under most circumstances,
the detention of juveniles in adult jails or
lockups.
•
Limitations:


Does not protect juveniles that are waived to adult
court
Juveniles can be held for up to six hours for processing
and for 24 hours (plus weekends and holidays) in rural
areas
JJDPA Core Protections
Juvenile Sight and Sound Separation
•
Definition: Requires that accused and adjudicated
delinquents, status offenders, and non-offending
juveniles be kept out of the “sight and sound” of adult
inmates.
•
Limitations: Does not apply to youth prosecuted in
the adult criminal justice system.
JJDPA Core Protections
Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
•
Definition: Requires states to take measures to
reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the juvenile justice
system.
 Recommendations for DMC Improvement:
 Strengthen the DMC core protection by requiring states
to take concrete steps to reduce racial and ethnic
disparities in the juvenile justice system
For more information …
www.act4jj.org
Marc Schindler
Executive Director
Justice Policy Institute
[email protected]
202.558.7974 ext. 311
www.justicepolicy.org
Twitter: @marc4justice
Jill Ward
Federal Policy Consultant
Campaign for Youth Justice
[email protected]
(207) 317-6310
Carmen E. Daugherty
DC Juvenile Justice Advisory Group Chair
Policy Director, Campaign for Youth Justice
[email protected]
(202) 558-3580