Transcript Technologies and type examination

Technologies and type examination
Requirements for Switzerland
Walter Fasel
Agenda
1. Technologies for speed measurement
2. Regulation about type examination
METAS
16.07.2015
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TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPEED
MEASUREMENT
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Measuring system “RADAR”
Measure the speed by detecting a change in frequency of
the returned radar signal caused by the Doppler effect.
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Measuring system “LIDAR” (Laser)
Measure the speed on the principle of time-of-flight of a
number of send out laser pulses over the span of time.
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Measuring system “Laser Scanner”
The measurement is based on the laser principle. The
contours of the vehicles, its movement and the speed are
calculated from the sequences of pulses received
de lumière sur 180°
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Measuring system “piezo”
Measure the speed on the piezoelectric effect when a
vehicle is crossing 3 or more sensors installed on the road.
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Measuring system “inductive loops”
Measure the speed by detecting a change in frequency
when a vehicle is crossing the loops. The inductive loop
functions as a part of an resonant circuit.
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Measuring system “light barrier”
Measure the speed by detecting a change in light when a
vehicle is passing in front of the speed system.
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Measuring system “laser barrier”
The measurement is based on the space / time principle.
Two laser beams placed at right angles the traffic direction
are being interrupted by vehicles passing.
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Measuring system “Section Control»
(Speed Camera)
The speed value can be calculated by dividing the distance
between the two ports and the time taken to travel between
of these [average speed].
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Measuring system “Tracking Tachograph”
The speed of a monitored vehicle is not directly determined.
The tracking tachograph records the police vehicle’s own
speed. After tracking a vehicle over a specified distance, the
average speed can be attributed to the vehicle committing
the violation.
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REGULATION ABOUT TYPE
EXAMINATION
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REGULATION ABOUT TYPE EXAMINATION
OIML Recommendations R91, D11, D31
European law / EU Directives (WELMEC)
Swiss law / Ordinances
Technical directives for the practical application by
the police
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Recommendation OIML R91
Radar equipment for the measurement of the speed of vehicles
Important limits: radar antenna
Attenuation of the side loops > 15 dB
Main loop width of less than 12°
Micro-wave frequency stability better than 0.2 %
Aiming device:
Relative error of measurement to misalignment
not greater than +/- 0.5 %
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Recommendation OIML R91
Radar equipment for the measurement of the speed of vehicles
Important limits: speed measurement value
Confidence level better than 99.8 %
Single value error < + 3km/h (or + 3 % at speeds
above 100 km/h)
Average error of all results shall be within +/- 1 km/h
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
Which composition of traffic (motorcycle, car ,trucks ?
Measurement direction / incoming or outgoing or both ?
Range of measurement ?
Traffic condition with accelerating and breaking
vehicles ?
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
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Recommendation OIML R91
How to check this requirements?
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Recommendation OIML D11
Climatic checks (Temperature, humidity?
Dry Heat (static)
Cold (static)
Damp heat, steady state (non condensing)
Damp cyclic (condensing)
Impacting water (splashing test) ??
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Recommendation OIML D11
Climatic checks (Temperature, humidity?
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Recommendation OIML D11
Performance test?
Vibration (random and sinusoidal)
Mechanical shock
Mechanical construction
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Software Guide (WELMEC 7.2)
Measuring Instruments Directive
Basic requirements for embedded Software in a buildfor purpose measuring instrument.
Basic requirements for Software of measuring
instruments using a universal computer.
Storage of measurement data
Transmission of measurement data via a
communication network
Software identification
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Swiss / Directive for Wireless access
Directive for wireless access on measurement systems
based on the IEEE 802.1x standard
SecurID token
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Laser security (IEC 60825-x)
Safety of Laser Products
Only Laser class 1 or 2 should be used for surveillance
measurement!
Parameters of typical Laser speed instruments:
Single pulse energy: 300 to 900 nJ
Pulse width: 5 to 50 ns
Pulse repetition frequency: 100 Hz – 25 kHz
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EMC Tests
OIML D11 + additional conditions
Overview immunity requirements for Traffic
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EMC Tests
OIML D11 + additional conditions
Additional for Switzerland for RF-Fields test
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Swiss / Second independent method
Directive of the use of enforcement systems
A) - Measuring system with additional pictorial
documentation (e.g. photo, video, etc.).
- Maximum allowed difference in measuring result
< 10 km/h or 10 %.
- For the enforcement the value obtained from the
measurement system is relevant!
or
B) - Two independent measuring systems
(which may be equal)
- Maximum allowed difference in measuring result < 1 %
- For the enforcement only the smaller value is relevant!
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Swiss / Second independent method
Why?
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Thank you very much