Transcript Folie 1 - Transenergy

State-of-the-art of thermal water utilization
in the TRANSENERGY region:
current state, potentials and challenges
Nina Rman1
Nóra Gál2, Daniel Marcin3, Katarína Benková3, Julia Weilbold4, Gerhard Schubert4, Tadej
Fuks1, Dušan Rajver1, Andrej Lapanje1, Annamária Nádor2
1
Geological Survey of Slovenia
Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary
3 State geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr, Slovakia
4 Geological Survey of Austria
2
Vienna, 24.6.2013
Aim of this over view
• geothermal energy utilization in the project area (year 2011)
• recognition of possible transboundary aquifers
• impact of exploitation on regional hydrogeological conditions
• potential for increased exploitation
• challenges of sustainable geothermal energy utilization
Who
What
Where
How
much
How
What
for
Geothermal energy resource
ENERGETIC
USE
THERMAL
WATER USE
Energy
Environment
(Use)
(Protection)
- Mining Act -
- Water Act -
YES
reinjection
NO
reinjection
What is so special about
regional and transboundary water resouces?
DRAWDOWN
(http://pubs.usgs.gov)
Thermal water users
Country
Users
Wells
Slovenia
20
35
Slovakia
44
59
Austria
20
48
Hungary
129
259
Total
213
401
Twellhead > 20°C
Maximum wellhead temperature
Twellhead (°C)
Thermal water utilization
Foto: S.M., K.M., T.F.
Bathing and balneology
Heating
Thermal water utilization
P = 180 kWe net T = 110°C
Q = 20 l/s
M = 18 g/l
Exploited geothermal aquifers
11 different aquifers
0.5 to 2 km depth
Q = 10-35 l/s
high abstraction →
pump failures due to
sand clogghing
Q = 5-10 l/s
lots of H2S, CO2 →
carbonates scaling →
inhibitors
Q = 20-30 l/s
lots of CO2 →
carbonates scaling →
inhibitors
Monitoring of geothermal wells
Groundwater level monitoring
 Groundwater level (m)
 Momentary yield (l/s)
 Cumulative quantity (m3)
 Water temperature (°C)
 Chemical monitoring
160
data is not saved
140
data is saved
 Identify anomalous changes
 Sustainable management
 Benchmarking indicators
No. of boreholes
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
SI
SK
A
HU
annual data
SI
SK
A
HU
continuous & daily
data
SI
SK
A
HU
occasional
measurements
SI
SK
A
HU
no monitoring
SI
SK
A
no data
HU
Thermal water production
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
changes
10%
water level decerase
70%
temperature changes, well cycling, yield and water level decerase
80%
yield, temperature and water level decerase
90%
temperature and water level decerase
100%
yield and water level decerase
Exploitation characteristics
0%
Paleozoic metamorphic
rocks
Mesozoic carbonate
rocks
Middle Miocene clastic
rocks and sediments
Pannonian-Pontian
clastic rocks and
sediments
Pliocene clastic rocks
and sediments
Wa s t e t he rma l w a te r ma na ge me nt
sewage
i
Twellhead  Toutlet
Twellhead  Tlocation
Future geothermal development
Te c h n i c a l p o t e n t i a l
65 inactive users
94 inactive wells
+7 mio m3 annually:
Upper Miocene clastic rocks: +2.8 million m3
MZ carbonates: +1.7 million m3
Others: app. + 2.8 million m3
Future geothermal development
Hydrogeological potential
regional and transboundary aquifers
→ interferences → numerical models
Future geothermal development
Legislative potential
Applications for or granted water concessions (AT, SI, SK):
+30 mio m3 annually
35
25% data
Management of resources:
benchmarking
70% data
71% data
30
Annual extraction of thermal water (mio m3/y)
Heat extraction:
reinjection with doublets
72% data
HU
A
25
SK
SI
20
6% data
15
10
5
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
water permits
Conclusions
 Utilization status in 2011 : 148 users with 307 active wells
 Low temperature resources: direct use and 1 binary electricity power plant
 2 most favourable geothermal aquifers: MZ carbonates & Upper Miocene sand
 Indications of overexploitation
 Cascade use: improves thermal efficiency and reduces water demand
 Inactive geothermal wells
 Low and intermediate temperature potential for new drillings
 Limited hydrogeological potential can be expanded by reinjection
• Monitoring system: comparable and systematic, public data
 Sustainable development: pilot models, benchmarking and strategy paper
Interactive webmaps and database of users
http://transenergy-eu.geologie.ac.at/
Thermal water temperature and
surface heat flow density
http://akvamarin.geo-zs.si/users
Wellbore database
Geological maps
Utilization maps
Geothermal maps
Combination of layers
!!! Scale !!!!
Temperature at 1000 m and thermal water users
Most tapped geothermal aquifers and
extent of the Upper Miocene sand