AN INTRODUCTION TO

Behavior Based Safety (BBS)

Dr. A. V. Singh

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Safety Training R e p ri m a n ds Safety Meetings Traditional Safety Model Policies Fewer Accidents Contests & Awards Slogans R eg ul at io ns Committees & Councils 2

Traditional Safety Management

PPE Emergency Response Policies Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation Safety Management System Features Training Industrial Hygiene Hazard Recognition Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics Safety Surveys SHE Standards Job Safety Analysis Safety Incentives JSO 3

Please think . . .

How many of the above elements can be directly traced to injury elimination just at the moment the injury is about to occur ?

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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Injury Statistics . . .

14 people die at work in US everyday 11,000 people suffer from disabling injury everyday

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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Injury Statistics . . . Year 2004 in US*

•5200 workplace fatalities •3.8

fatalities per 100,000 workers •3.9

million people suffer disabling injuries •6.1

injuries or illnesses per 100 workers

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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Injury Statistics . . . In INDIA

•124 people die at workplace everyday •46575 people are injured •32% contribution to global fatality at work •37% of global burden of occupational injury

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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To Conclude . . .

•Good Safety Management systems exist •Still workplace is injury prone & not safe •Injury although declined, still persists

WHAT IS MISSING? WHERE IS THE CATCH?

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Scientifically proven that . . .

In 1951, Dr. Heinrich claimed that

more than 90% of injuries were caused by UNSAFE ACTS

DuPont proved by research that:

Injury Causes

Injuries due to Unsafe Acts / Behavior Injuries due to combination of Unsafe Behavior & Conditions Injuries due Unsafe Conditions

Percent

76 20 4

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DOE, US Govt. found out that . . .

Pe rce nt by Cause (1999-2001) 100 80 60 40 20 0 Equ ipm ent Proc edu re Pers onn Des el E ign rror Train ing Man age Oth men t ers

Personnel errors (Unsafe Acts) was present in 77% of incidents

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DuPont Research found that . . .

Avoid 1 Fatal 30 LTAs 300 Non LTAs 3,000 Near Miss / First Aid 30,000 Hazards (Unsafe Acts & Conditions) Eliminate 11

To Conclude . . .

Eliminate Unsafe Acts / Conditions = Avoid Injuries & Accidents Safety Activities Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents 12

Unsafe Acts & Objectives of BBS

1. Unsafe Acts is a behavioral process 2. Also defined as “at risk” behavior

Objective of BBS is to minimize “at risk” behavior at workplace 13

Principles of BBS

Behavior is the cause of accidents Consequence motivate behavior What gets measured, gets done Feedback is essential to improvement Quality is built early in the process Conversations change organizations

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Behavioral Safety Management

PPE Procedures Emergency Response in the workplace.

Safety Rules Policies Incident Investigation Safety Management System Features Training Industrial Hygiene Hazard Recognition Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics Not integrated with other elements Safety Surveys OSHA Standards Safety Incentives Behavioral Safety Job Safety Analysis JSO 15

Behavioral Safety Management



To be effective: – Integrate the fundamental elements 1 of BBS into the Safety Management System elements – How?

• Identify (pinpoint) critical behaviors • Define behaviors precisely to measure them reliably • Implement mechanisms to determine current status • Provide feedback • Reinforce progress 16

What is Behavior?

Behavior is anything that a person says, does, thinks or feels

Eg: Working at heights with safety belts

Behavior should be observable, specific

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What is Antecedent ?

Anything that occurs before or during the behavior can be an antecedent for that behavior B: Working at heights with safety belts A: Painful Memory of past accident It is Antecedents that cause a certain types of behavior to happen

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What is Consequence ?

Anything that occurs after a behavior B: Working at heights with safety belts A: Painful Memory of past accident C: No more accidents

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The ABC of BBS Program

A: Antecedents –

cause

of certain behavior B: Behavior – what you

see

a person do C: Consequence –

outcome

of a behavior

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What is BBS Program?

Understand & Influence Antecedents Make people behave safely, work safely Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries

This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .

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BBS vs. Zero Injury

Zero Injury is the

GOAL

BBS is the

path

to reach the GOAL

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How to Implement BBS ?

7 Steps Process 1. Identify Unsafe Acts in all your operations. Make a list of safe acts for these unsafe acts.

2. Audit Unsafe Acts & Conditions. Report 3. Measure no. of safe / unsafe acts. Know your scores 4. Set Improvement Goals. Identify actions to achieve the goals. Implement Actions

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How to Implement BBS ?

7 Steps Process 5. Monitor actions implementation & trends of Unsafe Acts & conditions 6. Continually improve performance 7. Recognize performers & celebrate achievement

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Q: Why focus on behavior?

Reactive

Serious Injuries Non Serious Injuries Near Misses At-Risk Behaviors

Proactive

Systems’ Weaknesses A: It’s the best way of measuring how well your system is working!

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Recall . . .

Safety Activities Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents 26

What do we do now?

Safety Activities BBS Program + Traditional Model Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents 27

Primary Team Roles

Management



Lead by example



Support the process

  

Remove roadblocks Monitor success Provide resources 28

Basic Elements of BBS



Identify/define targeted safe behaviors.



Observe behaviors.



Measure process/activities.



Deliver feedback.



Deliver positive consequences.



Analyze variance/take action.



Improve process continuously. 29

The Behavioral Process

RESULTS CRITICAL SAFE & PROCESS SUPPORT BEHAVIORS PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PERFORMANCE VERBAL & GRAPHIC ON PERFORMANCE 32

If BBS has to Succeed then . . .

Top Management Commitment is essential Ownership & involvement from all employees Steering Committee to monitor in plants Training to all on BBS & safety practices Effective Feedback –

Most important

Performance monitoring & Continual improvement

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Safe Behavior

Is safe behavior an

occupational necessity?

Is safety only at work place?

Don’t I want my son to drive safely & reach home every day?

Can safe behavior be a

philosophy of life?

Safe Behavior = Safety Assurance 35

Thank you

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