Transcript Slide 1

Elements & Principles
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Objectives
 To identify elements and principles of
design
To apply elements and principles of design
to interiors
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Elements & Principles
Elements
Line
Form
Texture
Color
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Principles
Rhythm
Emphasis
Balance
Proportion/Scale
Elements of
Design
color
line
texture
form
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Elements
Color
First decision made when decorating
Color reflects certain moods or feelings
Main characteristics
hue (name)
value (how light or dark)
intensity (how bright or dull)
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Elements
Color
WARM colors: red—orange—yellow
active, exciting, aggressive
COOL colors: blue—violet—green
calming, restful, passive
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Moods Created by Color
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Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Black
White
exciting, powerful, dangerous
lively, friendly, energetic
cheerful, sympathetic, wise
natural, envious, lucky
calm, serious, dignified
royal, mysterious, dramatic
sophisticated, mournful, desperate
fresh, innocent, peaceful
Guidelines for Using Color
• Colors should express the tastes of all family
members
• Choose a dominant color for decorating then
smaller amounts of other colors for accents
• A sharp contrast can emphasize an object
• Light colors make items & rooms look larger
• Dark colors make items & rooms look smaller
• For interest use a variety of color values in
unequal amounts
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Guidelines for Using Color
• Using warm colors, shades, and high
intensity colors make room appear smaller
• Using cool colors, tints and low intensity
colors make room appear larger
• Warm colors suggest informality
• Cool colors suggest formality
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Elements
Color Wheel
warm
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cool
Elements
Color
primary
secondary
intermediate
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Elements
• Monochromatic color scheme – using
different values of the same hue
• Analogous color scheme – combining
adjacent colors on the color wheel
• Complementary color scheme – combining
two colors directly across from each other
on the color wheel
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Elements
Line
A mark that is greater in length than in width
Indicates direction
Many different types of lines
straight
curved
horizontal
vertical
diagonal
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Elements
Line
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Vertical
Horizontal
Dignity, discipline,
strength
Emphasize height in a
room
Make people appear
more slender when
used in apparel
Sense of rest,
relaxation
Counteract vertical
lines
Too many can make a
room seem dull
Can make a person
appear heavier
Elements
Line
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Diagonal
Curved
Break monotony of
vertical and horizontal
Help move eye
around room
More interesting
More difficult to use
Suggest activity or
relaxation depending
on degree of curve
Soft -restful, graceful
Tight -livelier
Elements
Texture
Surface quality of textile or finish
Can be apparent (visual) or tactile (touch)
Kinds of texture
rough
smooth
dull
shiny
soft
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Elements
• Rough textures and bold patterns make
room appear smaller
• Uneven surfaces absorb light making
colors seem deeper and objects larger and
heavier
• Shiny, smooth textures reflect light and
make room appear brighter and lighter
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Elements
Form
Three-dimensional (length, width, depth)
Function
How they will be used
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Principles of
Design
proportion
rhythm
balance
emphasis
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Principles
Proportion/Scale
Relationship of parts to each other and to design
as a whole
Size, amount, & number relate well with each
other
Unequal proportions are more pleasing to the
eye
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Principles
Is this area well-proportioned
or disproportioned?
Compare the size and scale
of the objects in the
room to one another
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Principles
Rhythm
Repetition of one or more design elements
Creates a feeling of organized movement, sense
of order
Used to guide eye through design, provide
direction
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Principles
• 5 types of Rhythm
• Repetition - repeating color, line, form or
texture in design
• Opposition - lines meeting at right angles
• Gradation - created by a gradual change
• Radiation - lines extend outward from
central point
• Transition - created by curved lines
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Principles
Balance
Distribution of visual weight
Creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
Equality between opposite elements
Two types
formal balance - exactly same on both sides
informal balance - balanced, but each side is
different
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Principles
What type of
balance does this
room
have?
Where is the rhythm
in this room?
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Principles
Emphasis
“Center of interest,” “focal point,” catches the
viewers’ attention
Element that has been exaggerated or
centralized to draw viewers’ eye
Example: fire place, vase of flowers, artwork
piece of jewelry, scarf, hair clip
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Principles
What area of this room
is
your eye drawn to?
Why do you think this
has
become the focal point?
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