Transcript Slide 1
Elements & Principles
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Objectives
To identify elements and principles of
design
To apply elements and principles of design
to interiors
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Elements & Principles
Elements
Line
Form
Texture
Color
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Principles
Rhythm
Emphasis
Balance
Proportion/Scale
Elements of
Design
color
line
texture
form
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Elements
Color
First decision made when decorating
Color reflects certain moods or feelings
Main characteristics
hue (name)
value (how light or dark)
intensity (how bright or dull)
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Elements
Color
WARM colors: red—orange—yellow
active, exciting, aggressive
COOL colors: blue—violet—green
calming, restful, passive
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Moods Created by Color
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Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Black
White
exciting, powerful, dangerous
lively, friendly, energetic
cheerful, sympathetic, wise
natural, envious, lucky
calm, serious, dignified
royal, mysterious, dramatic
sophisticated, mournful, desperate
fresh, innocent, peaceful
Guidelines for Using Color
• Colors should express the tastes of all family
members
• Choose a dominant color for decorating then
smaller amounts of other colors for accents
• A sharp contrast can emphasize an object
• Light colors make items & rooms look larger
• Dark colors make items & rooms look smaller
• For interest use a variety of color values in
unequal amounts
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Guidelines for Using Color
• Using warm colors, shades, and high
intensity colors make room appear smaller
• Using cool colors, tints and low intensity
colors make room appear larger
• Warm colors suggest informality
• Cool colors suggest formality
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Elements
Color Wheel
warm
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cool
Elements
Color
primary
secondary
intermediate
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Elements
• Monochromatic color scheme – using
different values of the same hue
• Analogous color scheme – combining
adjacent colors on the color wheel
• Complementary color scheme – combining
two colors directly across from each other
on the color wheel
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Elements
Line
A mark that is greater in length than in width
Indicates direction
Many different types of lines
straight
curved
horizontal
vertical
diagonal
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Elements
Line
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Vertical
Horizontal
Dignity, discipline,
strength
Emphasize height in a
room
Make people appear
more slender when
used in apparel
Sense of rest,
relaxation
Counteract vertical
lines
Too many can make a
room seem dull
Can make a person
appear heavier
Elements
Line
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Diagonal
Curved
Break monotony of
vertical and horizontal
Help move eye
around room
More interesting
More difficult to use
Suggest activity or
relaxation depending
on degree of curve
Soft -restful, graceful
Tight -livelier
Elements
Texture
Surface quality of textile or finish
Can be apparent (visual) or tactile (touch)
Kinds of texture
rough
smooth
dull
shiny
soft
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Elements
• Rough textures and bold patterns make
room appear smaller
• Uneven surfaces absorb light making
colors seem deeper and objects larger and
heavier
• Shiny, smooth textures reflect light and
make room appear brighter and lighter
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Elements
Form
Three-dimensional (length, width, depth)
Function
How they will be used
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Principles of
Design
proportion
rhythm
balance
emphasis
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Principles
Proportion/Scale
Relationship of parts to each other and to design
as a whole
Size, amount, & number relate well with each
other
Unequal proportions are more pleasing to the
eye
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Principles
Is this area well-proportioned
or disproportioned?
Compare the size and scale
of the objects in the
room to one another
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Principles
Rhythm
Repetition of one or more design elements
Creates a feeling of organized movement, sense
of order
Used to guide eye through design, provide
direction
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Principles
• 5 types of Rhythm
• Repetition - repeating color, line, form or
texture in design
• Opposition - lines meeting at right angles
• Gradation - created by a gradual change
• Radiation - lines extend outward from
central point
• Transition - created by curved lines
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Principles
Balance
Distribution of visual weight
Creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
Equality between opposite elements
Two types
formal balance - exactly same on both sides
informal balance - balanced, but each side is
different
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Principles
What type of
balance does this
room
have?
Where is the rhythm
in this room?
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Principles
Emphasis
“Center of interest,” “focal point,” catches the
viewers’ attention
Element that has been exaggerated or
centralized to draw viewers’ eye
Example: fire place, vase of flowers, artwork
piece of jewelry, scarf, hair clip
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Principles
What area of this room
is
your eye drawn to?
Why do you think this
has
become the focal point?
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