Transcript Vietnam War - Waverly-Shell Rock Community School District

Chapters 29 pages 731-732
Chapter 31 pages 778-780 + 786-788
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
1:24 min.
Vietnam #1 Reading Quiz
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5)
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
Who was Ngo Dinh Diem?
What was Dien Bien Phu?
What did the Geneva Accords of 1954 do?
What religious group burned themselves alive in
opposition to Diem?
6) What is the nickname of the National Liberation
Front?
7) What happened to Diem?
8) What did Kennedy do to support South Vietnam?
Vietnam and World War II
• By 1940 Japan had conquered
French Indochina.
• The Vietnamese resistance
leader by 1945 was Ho Chi
Minh
• Ho would lead the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam in 1945
• However, the French began to
demand the return of their
former colonies and replace Ho
with a puppet government
• In 1948, the French re-installed
Bao Dai as head of state of
Vietnam, which now comprised
of central and south Vietnam.
Ho Chi Mihn
Emperor Bao Dai
French in Indo-China
:57 min.
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Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh begin
to fight the French.
The U.S regard Ho Chi Minh as
communist and move to support the
French
The French struggle was going badly.
The turnover of French governments
left France unable to prosecute the
war with any consistent policy.
France was increasingly unable to
afford the conflict in Indochina.
Chinese communists meanwhile
increased help to Viet Mihn
U.S Involvement in French
Indochina War- Truman
• President Harry Truman
began covertly
authorizing support for
the French in their
attempt to retake
Indochina, giving
money and supplies in
an effort to suppress
the rebellion, and in
July 1950 he
announced publicly that
the U.S. was doing so.
America and the Vietnam War
5:26 min.
U.S Involvement in
French Indochina
War- Eisenhower
Former General Dwight
D. Eisenhower became
President of the United
States and first
advanced the so-called
domino theory, warning
that if America did not
support France in
stopping the
Communists in
Indochina, all of the
Eastern, India and
Southeastern Asia would
fall to the "Communist
Bloc".
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1950- U.S. begins to help the French with money and arms.
1953- Eisehower asks for $60 million in aid to French.
1954- The U.S. is paying for 80% of the war between the
French and the Vietnamese communists.
Dien Bien Phu- "57 Days of Hell".
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Began March 13, 1954
Fought near the village of Dien Bien
Phu in northern Vietnam and became
the last battle between the French and
the Vietnamese in the First Indochina
War.
After seven years of bloody conflict,
the French made their last stand at
Dien Bien Phu, where they were
engaged by the forces of General Vo
Nguyen Giap. But contemporary
military tactics were unable to defeat
successive human wave attacks and
the subsequent siege of the base; the
French were defeated with
devastating losses
At least 2,200 members of the 20,000strong French forces died during the
battle. Of the 100,000 or so
Vietnamese involved, there were an
estimated 8,000 killed and another
15,000 wounded, almost half of the
attacking force.
Geneva Conference
• The on July 21, 1954 recognized the 17th parallel as a
"provisional military demarcation line" temporarily dividing
the country into two states, Communist North Vietnam and proWestern South Vietnam.
• The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a
national government for a united Vietnam. However only
France and the North Vietnamese government (DRV) signed the
document. The U.S. and the government in Saigon refused to
abide by the agreement, believing that the election would result
in an easy victory for Ho Chi Minh. Emperor Bao Dai from his
home in France appointed Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of
South Vietnam. With American support, in 1955 Diem used a
referendum to remove the former Emperor and declare himself
as president of the Republic of Vietnam
• Thus the competition for the whole of Vietnam began; Diem's
military was unable to prevail in the civil war which escalated,
as a result of international intervention, into the Vietnam War.
Kennedy and Indochina
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Laos and the coalition government (Pathet Lao)
Problems in Vietnam
1956 National Elections- Geneva Accords
Civil War
President Diem
Government Opposition- many groups, Buddhists,
Communists all joined the NLF- National Liberation Front
(“Vietcong” nicknamed by Diem)
• Overthrow of Diem- “Coup”, and military junta.
• Kennedy sending supplies, money and advisors (16,000
by 1963.)