Transcript Lifespan changes in sleep.

Lifespan changes in sleep.
Lifespan changes in sleep.
BATs
• Outline changes in sleep patterns over the
lifespan (A01)
• Consider implications of changes in sleep
patterns over the lifespan (A02)
Synoptic Points
• DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
• Cultural Differences
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a
L5dyAkd9uM baby sleeping
 Do you ever find yourself sleeping through
the day?
 How many hours sleep do you get per
night?
 Do you sleep more or less than you used
to?
 Over the next week fill in a sleep log.
 What ethical issues are related to this?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gff2PtZAv4 man
What do
these EEG’s
tell us about
how sleep
changes as
we get older?
EEGs of Sleep at Different Stages of
Lifespan
Sleep Timeline
• Read p 10
• Create a timeline to show how sleep
changes as humans develop
AO2
/3
Prenatal & Infant sleep.
• Okai et al (1992):
• Used ultrasound scanning to investigate
possible sleep patterns in unborn children of the
30 ‘normal’ pregnant women between 20 and
40 weeks (beginning of 5mths-full term).
Limitations of the
Research?
Sample size?
Methodology?
Application?
Prenatal & Infant sleep.
• This study was completed by:
• Measuring eye movement and baby movement.
• What instrument would they need to use?
• Findings:
• Prior to 28 weeks (7 mths) REM was hard to
identify.
• At 32 weeks REM/NREM cycles could
be distinguished.
What do these findings suggest?
• The critical point in gestation is measured at 32
weeks.
• This is further supported by a correlation found
between sleep changes and the development of
the brain.
• E.g. Brain stem reaches a developmental high
between 28 and 31 weeks, there is a known link
between these neural systems & control of the
REM/NREM ultradian cycles.
Further evidence……..
• Q: What do we know about newborns?
• A: Spend approx 17 hrs a day asleep with
50% of this time in REM.
• The adult NREM/REM pattern does not
emerge for several months.
Prenatal/Infant sleep cont….
• Q. What is the usual pattern that babies
sleep follows????
• A. The amount of time needed in REM
sleep decreases in the first year, with a
decline to approx 13 hours
(Sheldon,1996).
Are these conclusions
sound?
What other studies
support/refute these
findings?
Other factors that may impact
infant sleep patterns?
• Maternal behaviour (depression)
• Armitage (2009) found of the 18 healthy full term infants
they studied at 6 monthly intervals.
• 11 of the babies were born to depressed mothers.
• They found infants of depressed mothers took longer to
fall asleep & had sleep patterns that were different to
those experienced by the babies from non depressed
mothers.
Also consider:
Baird et al (2009)
As supporting evidence.
Other factors that may impact sleep
patterns?
• Adolescents: The cause is usually the
cause of social changes such as
• Sleeping longer at weekends.
• Staying up later.
• Reduced parental influence.
• Several environmental factors are also
responsible for changes in sleep……..
Other factors that may impact sleep
patterns?
Wolfson & Carskadon
(1998)
Pagel (2007)
• Increased homework
• Using the computer
• During adolescence the brain is going through a
critical phase of cortical development & cognitive
change, & sleep is crucial in ensuring that these
changes occur efficiently.
AO3 – Synoptic Points
• Look at the graph on page 11
• Briefly outline the research carried out by
Tynjala et al (1993) , Shin et al (2003) and
• Ghanizadeh et al (2008)
• What conclusion was reached in the light
of this research?
Over to you ..
• Answer Qu 2 and 3 p11
• Homework• Discuss research into lifespan changes in
sleep (9+16)
• or qu 4 p11 –
• prepare in lesson – share plans
• Fill in sleep log?