CrossRef User Group Meeting June 6

th

, 2006

Ed Pentz, Executive Director

“

The vast majority of scholarly journals are now online, and there have been a number of studies of what features scholars find most valuable in e-journals. Seamless linking to and from citations, the original articles cited, and bibliographic databases always ranks extremely highly. DOI and CrossRef provide an increasingly flexible way of enriching scholarly literature online with actionable and persistent links .

”

-- Sally Morris, Chief Executive of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers

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Scholarly Publishing Trends

• Everything is online – if it’s not online, it doesn’t exist • Everything is interlinked – if it’s not linked it doesn’t exist • The web breaks down barriers between academic and consumer behavior – everyone is using Google and user expectations are set by Google, eBay, etc.

• Article Economy but journal brand stays strong • Economic models changing – consortial big deals, individual article sales and Open Access 5

CrossRef Started For Strategic Reasons

• Strategic Intent: To add functions to e-journals that don’t exist in print: enable reference linking between scholarly journals • Tactical Problem: Bi-lateral agreements between publishers were not scalable across thousands of journals • Strategic Solution: Set up industry-wide collaboration and use a standard link methodology 6

CrossRef’s Strategy Was To Controlled By Its Membership, Not Special Interests

• An independent, not-for-profit, membership association of scholarly publishers – wide range of members • Annual Meeting of members elects 16 member Board of Directors • Board meets quarterly to set direction with staff implementing 7

CrossRef Started For Strategic Reasons

• Chronology: – DOI – 1996 – DOI Foundation - 1998 – DOI-X Project – 1999 – Demonstration at STM Innovations, December 1999 – CrossRef founded January 2000 – System went live June 2000 – Formal Mission Statement adopted in January 2003 8

CrossRef Mission Statement

• To bring the scholar to authoritative primary content, focusing on services that are best achieved by publishers working together 9

CrossRef’s membership

• • • Commercial publishers, academic societies, other non-profits, university presses, open access publishers, institutional repositories 65% of members at the lowest fee tier STM, humanities, social science, professional •

CrossRef is “business-model neutral” – DOI links deliver the user to the content provider’s door (abstract, at minimum) and leave FT access control up to the content provider

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Two-part implementation

• • Deposit DOIs and metadata to enable inbound linking –

As soon as your content is registered in CrossRef, it is visible for linking by other participants

Create outbound links from your references by querying the CrossRef metadata database 11

What’s a DOI?

• A digital object identifier is an alphanumeric string created both to: – uniquely

identify/name

and to a piece of electronic content, – serve as a

stable, persistent link

location on the web to that content’s • A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s

just a name

used to look up an address in an updateable directory 12

CrossRef DOIs are visible

• • Publications registered in the CrossRef database, thousands of participating organizations – publishers, intermediaries, and libraries – will automatically pick up links to your content This drives traffic to your content 13

CrossRef’s Growth Shows Members Like The Strategy Members

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Ja n-0 2 M ar-0 2 M ay -0 2 Ju l-0 2 Se p-0 2 N ov -0 2 Ja n-0 3 M ar-0 3 M ay -0 3 Ju l-0 3 Se p-0 3 N ov -0 3 Ja n-0 4 M ar-0 4 M ay -0 4 Ju l-0 4 Se p-0 4 N ov -0 4 Ja n-0 5 M ar-0 5 M ay -0 5 Ju l-0 5 Se p-0 5 N ov -0 5 Ja n-0 6 M ar-0 6

Month Members

The Growth In Articles Shows the Strategy Works Total DOIs

25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 Ja n 02 M ar -0 2 M ay -0 2 Ju l-0 2 S ep -0 2 N ov -0 2 Ja n 03 M ar -0 3 M ay -0 3 Ju l-0 3 S ep -0 3 N ov -0 3 Ja n 04 M ar -0 4 M ay -0 4 Ju l-0 4 S ep -0 4 N ov -0 4 Ja n 05 M ar -0 5 M ay -0 5 Ju l-0 5 S ep -0 5 N ov -0 5 Ja n 06 M ar -0 6

Month

End Users are clicking!

DOI Clicks

14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 Ja n-0 2 M ar-0 2 M ay -0 2 Ju l-0 2 Se p-0 2 N ov -0 2 Ja n-0 3 M ar-0 3 M ay -0 3 Ju l-0 3 Se p-0 3 N ov -0 3 Ja n-0 4 M ar-0 4 M ay -0 4 Ju l-0 4 Se p-0 4 N ov -0 4 Ja n-0 5 M ar-0 5 M ay -0 5 Ju l-0 5 Se p-0 5 N ov -0 5 Ja n-0 6 M ar-0 6

Month DOI Clicks

Moving beyond journals

CrossRef Content

Journal DOIs Book DOIs Conf. DOIs 1.1 million conference DOIs 471,000 book DOIs

CrossRef indicators

• • • • • • • 20.8 million items registered; – 14,421 journals, 21,291 books, 8,212 conferences >10,000 DOIs added per day 350 dues-paying members (64% non-profit) >1,641 participating publishers/societies 11,000 records/day updated (persistence) >4.1 million DOIs/month retrieved (links out) Various content types: books, proceedings, images, figures, MRW entries, datasets, working papers… 18

End-user impact: ~12-13 million DOI clicks per month

Back-file digitization & deposit: 2-3 million DOIs per year

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DOIs in Google

Publisher Site Reference to article 25

Beyond journals

• • • • • • Books: 489,000 DOIs, from 21,000 works Proceedings: 1.1 million DOIs to date Working papers & reports – OSTI, World Bank, SSRN, repositories Components – Sub-items such as figures or supporting info Dissertations Standards 26

DOIs for supplemental data and other components… 10.1172/JCI200522320DS1

Make Sure DOIs are Used Correctly

• CrossRef Guidelines – DOI use in citations; Citation export services • Journal of Applied Meteorology: Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 1161– 1179 doi: 10.1175/JAM2265.1 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAM2265.1

) • Inform authors about DOIs • Include DOIs in all metadata feeds to 3 rd parties • Require A&Is and others to link to you using DOIs •

Assign DOIs to journal titles!!!

• Be involved – CrossRef is your organization 29

International DOI Foundation (IDF)

• IDF oversees central DOI System and promotes DOI as a standard • DOI System Draft ISO Standard out for vote for approval as Work Item • 7 RAs – European Union Office of Publications, TIB, Bowker, Nielsen Bookdata, CAL, mEDRA and CrossRef – Social infrastructure ensures persistence – Interoperability is future goal

Industry Activities

• NISO Voting Member (Chuck on Board) • SSP participation (Amy on Board) • ISO ISSN revision committee – draft standard out for review • TRANSFER Project – UKSG Working Group • BioImageWeb Consortium 33

Industry Activities

• JISC Publisher Metadata and Interoperability Projects II (PALS II) • Research Information Network (RIN) – Advisory Board – (established by HEFCs and JISC - run from the British Library) 34

Governance – board of directors

• Anthony Durniak, IEEE, Chairman • Robert Campbell, Blackwell Publishers, Treasurer – Gordon Tibbitts* • Beth Rosner, AAAS • Marc Brodsky, AIP – Tim Ingoldsby* • Linda Beebe, APA • John White, ACM – Bernie Rous* • Karen Hunter, Elsevier – Eefke Smit* • Annette Thomas, Nature – Howard Ratner* • Carol Richman, Sage • Rüdiger Gebauer, Springer • Ian Bannerman, T&F Informa – Bob Hecht* • Thomas Connertz, Thieme • Paula Duffy, U of Chicago Press • Paul Weislogel, Wolters Kluwer – Diana Bittern* • Eric Swanson, John Wiley & Sons – Craig Van Dyck* *Alternate 35

Committees and Chairs

• Audit - Linda Beebe • Executive - Tony Durniak • CrossRef Search Craig Van Dyck • Institutional Repositories - Bernie Rous • Loan – Tony Durniak • Membership and Fees – Tim Ingoldsby • Technical Working Group – Howard Ratner 36

Serving members - staff

• Amy Brand, Director of Business Development • Chuck Koscher, Director of Technology • Lisa Hart, Office Manager • Jon Stark, Web Developer • Tim Pickard, System Support Analyst • Anna Tolwinska, Admin and Marketing Assistant 37

Forward linking/Cited by links

• • • • • Add value to content via cross-publisher cited by links Similar principles to reference linking but… Opt-in service w/20% surcharge on annual fee Deposit references/query CrossRef to get the list of citing articles Email alerts sent when a new content item is deposited that cites the target 38

Use increasing…but more needed

25,704,951 2,444,653 29,345,906 citations that have not yet resolved to a DOI.

34 out of 340 member publishers participating 5,266 resolved reference citations (cited-by) articles that have at least one matched citation journals that have deposited citations 39

Simple Text Query (Free Text Query)

Simple Text Query

• Working with Inera – Based on Inera’s eXstyles software • Benefits for smaller publisher w/o tagged references/references in PDFs • Will be opened up to end users for small numbers of queries • Most likely there will be charges in future for batch queries 45

Multiple Resolution

• The next stage of linking – enhanced linking • Publisher controlled links to give the user options • Moves beyond simple one-to-one relationship of DOI to URL • Uses a more complex data model to represent a collection of link targets for a piece of content 46

Multiple Resolution Beta Service

• Will launch soon • No fees for beta period • Looking for participants • Examples shown are live DOIs – XML deposit schema is set and being built into regular deposit process (currently it’s a separate process) 49

CrossRef Web Services

• • • New CrossRef service to distribute authoritative metadata to 3 rd parties Improve indexing of authoritative, publisher version of content and enable persistent linking via DOI Take advantage of collective service • No bi-lateral agreements needed (for metadata) • Establish standards on how member content is linked to 50

CrossRef Web Services

• Search Partner Program – key terms – Publisher article branded as authoritative,

published

copy – Publisher article must be

first

link for user – SE must display and link using DOIs in search results – SE can’t create journal TOCs pointing to non authoritative versions (I.e. author self-archived versions) 51

CrossRef Web Services

• Search Partner license agreed April 2006 – Work on other licenses underway – Discussion about a library service to be started soon • Introductory pricing set April 2006 – there will be charges to 3 rd parties, not to publishers • First partner should be announced soon • CR Members will be notified of delivery partners, see the agreed terms and conditions and can

opt out

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Key benefits to publishers

• • Provides a

technology

infrastructure for collective developments No broken links in citations or database records because of the DOI system CrossRef metadata database makes content discoverable for linking Also provides a

business

infrastructure One agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement with all CrossRef publishers Terms & conditions of participation 53

Conclusion

• Towards truly dynamic linking and a better online reading environment for scholars, with: – Robust cross-publisher linking through journals, books and other content types – Use of DOIs in primary and secondary content – Standards set with search engines – Digitization of archival content – Forward linking for complete citation chains – Multiple resolution for more linking options 54

[email protected]

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