Transcript Challenges in Education Sector

Challenges in School Education
Gurgaon Progressive Schools Council
and
CBSE Sahodaya School Complexes ( Gurgaon )
Presentation by
Vishal Jain
Chief Editor
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Advisor – Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth
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Structure of Indian Education System
• Pre-primary Education- LKG
and UKG
• Primary Education- class 1 to
class 5 (age 6-11)
• Secondary Education- class 6class10 (age 11-15)
• Higher Secondary Educationclass 11to class 12 (age 15-17)
• Graduation- Professional 4
years, medical 5 years,arts and
commerce 3 years.
• Post graduation- 1.5 to 3 years.
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Current scenario in India
GOI aimed to achieve Universal Elementary
Education by 2010
Several challenges in achieving this goal:
•Out of approx. 200 million children in the
age group 6-14 yrs, only 177 million were
enrolled; percentage of out of school
children works out to be 11.5%.
(source: National Sample Survey (2004-05)
•About 39% of primary and 54% of upper
primary students drop-out of school.
(source: DISE 2005-06)
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Challenges contd...
•Wide disparities in the educational
status of different regions.
•Quality of education is poor in many
schools because of high pupilteacher ratio. (national average is
46:1 with some states high as 68)
•Out of school children mainly from
marginalized groups-girls,working
children, economically
disadvantaged children, children
with special needs,and children with
multiple disadvantages.
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Challenges contd...
•Dearth of qualified and trained
teachers. (A study conducted by
NUEPA found that about 47 lakh
elementary teachers in India have not
studied beyond the higher secondary
level)
•A large digital divide exists,and is
growing,between students in affluent
private schools and other students.
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School Availability
– 8.8 lakhs elementary schools
– 3 to 4 lakhs upper primary schools
– 1.46 lakhs secondary and senior
secondary schools
Though there is an increase in the
number of schools in the recent
years, but still this number is not
adequate to accommodate the
out-of-school children and the
growing number of students who
transit from one level to another.
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Some Facts…
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Challenge of Access-1:
No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km.
 States having schools less than all India average
3
3
All India
3
Gujarat
2
2
2
2
H.P.
Rjasthan
1
1
U.P
0.5
M.P
J&K
0
ALL GUJ
HP
RJ
UP
MP
JK
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics- 2004-05
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Challenge of Access-2:
No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km.
 States having schools more than all India average
8 8
8
6
4
3
4
5 5 5 5 5 5
6
2
0
All India
T.N
A.P
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Orissa
Punjab
W.B.
Assam
Haryana
Kerala
ALL TN AP KN MH OR PJ WB AS HR KL
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05
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Challenge Of Participation-1:
Gross Enrollment Ratio (Cross Country Comparison)
100
93
Cuba
89
86
90
85
81
80
80
Sout Africa
79
79
Sri Lanka
70
70
Egypt
70
61
61
Thailand
60
Hongkong
50
Mexico
40
Vietnam
30
China
20
Malaysia
10
Indonesia
Asia
0
CU
SA
SL
EG
TH
HG MX VT
CH
ML IND Asia
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005
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Challenge Of Participation-2:
Gross Enrollment Ratio
 States having GER less than all India average
60
50
40
52
49 49
46 44 44
43
30
41
27 26
20
22
10
0
ALL AS UP MP
CH
All India
Assam
U.P.
M.P.
Chhattisgarh
Rajasthan
J&K
W.B.
Nagaland
Jharkhand
Bihar
RJ JK WB NL JH BH
Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05
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Challenge Of Participation-3:
Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X)
 States having GER more than all India average
100
93
80
60
52 5353 53 54 55
57 59
69
76 77
80
40
20
0
All India
A.P.
Arunachal
Harynana
Orissa
Gujarat
Tripura
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Goa
Uttrakhand
T.N.
Kerala
ALL AP AR HR OR GJ TR KN MH GA UT TN KL
Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05
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Challenge Of Participation-4:
Disparity in gross enrolment ratio (IX-X)
60
50
40
57
52
52
45
43
37
45
38
30
30
20
All
SC
ST
10
0
Overall
Boys
Girls
Source: Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05
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Few Questions to Answer….
GOI aimed for UEE by 2012
BUT…
• Do we have enough schools to
accommodate all children?
•Do we have enough teachers and
whether the teachers available are
well trained and qualified?
•Do we have quality provisions for
schools or only quantity is a concern?
•Do we have measures for assuring
retention in schools or just enrolment
will work?
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Other Challenges In School
Education…
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Dualist character
• It operates with a strong class
bias.
• There is a wide disparity in
quality.
• More than 75% students attend
poor even rock-bottom quality.
• On one hand there
are students from affluent
private schools and on other
students from poor-quality
schools.
Need of Common School System
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Tremendous Academic Pressure
• On both teachers and
students
• Our school councils and
universities produce
curriculum as bundles of
goods or packages of
values.
• It has been the practice of
the educationists to burden
the students with heavy load
of study materials. The
workload is still heavier in
professional courses.
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The Authoritarian System
• The authoritarian system,the
rigid and undemocratic
structure in many of our
schools, still continues without
much change.
• People who are active
participants namely teachers
and students do not have a
proper say.
• The students do not get
opportunity of decision
making for the services they
use.
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Traditional "banking" method of
education
The traditional "banking" method
of education, that sees pupils as
adaptable, manageable beings,
still continues in many schools.
Concentrating on accumulating
deposits of knowledge, students
do not develop the critical
consciousness that would lead
them to involve with the social
process and change it. It kills their
critical power and creativity.
Spoon feeding must be ended soon
in classrooms.
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Making Schools Inclusive
• We are still far from achieving
inclusion in schools- no
mainstreaming in practice
• Only selective Inclusion is there
i.e. Inclusion of those with minor
disability
• Teachers training for the same.
• Need of flexible curriculum for
inclusion
• Adequate resources for
Inclusive education
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Trained Manpower
• Dearth of passionate and
committed teaching workforce.
• Proper deployment of teachers
across country is required
• Teacher Assessment is
important.
• Induction programmes should
not be missed.
• Lack of leadership skill in school
professionals.
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Vocational Courses
• A huge number of
vocational courses should
be introduced.
• In Canada more than 6000
vocational courses are
available instead of 200 in
India.
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Language; a concern
• Language problem-one of the causes
of drop-outs
• ‘English’ used in schools which is other
than the native language- a big
challenge
• Focus shifts from gaining knowledge
to learning language and then
studying in the same language
• Mother tongue is important esp. in the
first year of school
Multilingualism should be embraced In
schools
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Synergy
A synergy should be there in
all schools for a uniform
education
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Students learn differently
Multiple Intelligence ..
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Assessment
• Performance Based Assessment is
preferable over traditional
assessment.
• No more recalling answers to
questions
• Students should be assigned a task
in which they can demonstrate their
mastery and then assessment should
be based on their performance
• Cramming won’t work; meaningful
task and expertise is required.
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Academic Excellence
• Schools should be high performing
•Curriculum, instruction and assessment
should be aligned with high standards
•Students must be expected to meet or
exceed those standards
•Instructional strategies should include a
variety of challenging and engaging
activities.
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Some questions on academic
excellence
•Is there any zest for learning among
students and teachers?
•Are students expected to meet high
academic standards?
•Can students explain what they are
doing in their classes and why is it
important?
•Do teachers know why they teach
and what they are teaching?
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Other Challenges…
• Life skills deployment
• Alternatives to homework
• Hobby / Talent development in
Schools
• Creative activities
• Academic Pressure on students
• Moral values
• Students movements towards –
Sex, Alcohol, Crime, Insults etc.
• ICT, Technology in Schools
• Integrated Learning
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CONFLICTING DEMANDS
• Education for
all
• Prolonged
compulsory
education
• Lifelong
learning
• Stress on team
work and
collaboration
• Values, such
as:
environmental
protection,
tolerance,
understanding
• Increased
social
differences
• High rate of
dropp-out
• Complaints
about little
knowledge
• Allientaion
• Increased
violence,
competitivene
ss and stress
on material
values
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Strategy
School level change is the objective improving learning outcomes,
quality and equity
 improved school management
 school environment and teacherchild relationship
 improved teaching-learning
materials and equipments
 meaningful school-community
partnership
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Strategy contd...
Capacity building of teachers
improving students’ assessment
methods
exchange of ideas and
resources among different
schools (rotation system)
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Together…
We have to build better
Schools and meet the
demands of the society
The task of preparing better
citizens of the country is in
our hands
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Thank you..
Vishal Jain
0-98973-11111
[email protected]
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