Transcript Concentrated Algae formulations Paste, Dried

Concentrated Algae
formulations
Paste, Dried
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Algae paste
Low density rotifer culture
High density rotifer culture
Green water
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Algae Paste
Algae Pastes are a super-concentrated liquid
microalgae feed for larval fish, shrimp and
bivalve shell fish.
Pastes are used to supplement or replace live
algae grown on-site at the hatchery.
It is made from microalgae grown intensively in
large industrial facilities but concentrated by
removing most of the water.
It is not live (reproducing) but will remain in the
water column similar to live algae
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Advantages

Reduce risks - Use it as a primary feed, or as
backup in case of an algae culture crash.
 Reduce overhead and production costs - Less
electricity, less space, fewer technicians.
 Reduce live food production space - live algae
systems need a lot of space that could be used for
growing your target animals.
 Easy to Use liquid concentrate - use only the amount
of algae you need at each feeding.
 Relatively long Shelf Life - 8 to 12 weeks in the
refrigerator (depending on the culture).
Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis can be frozen for
long life.
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Production method
Algae Paste is a slurry of concentrated micro
algae cells. The algae is cultured by the batch
system in mono-specific cultures. These
batches are continuously monitored for
quality control, and when they are in log
growth phase and are at their nutritional peak
they are concentrated by high volume,
continuous flow centrifuges.
This concentrate, or Algae Paste then has a
food grade preservative added to it that
provide a relatively long shelf-life.
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Large scale production - tanks
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Large scale production - ponds
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Large scale production - bioreactors
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Centifuge
Cream skimmers, centrifuges, etc
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Species available
Species Name
Type
Nannochloropsis
Green
Algae
Tetraselmis
Green
Flagellate
Isochrysis
(T-ISO)
Size
Fish
Length 1-3
width 1-3
Rotifers,
Copepods,
Brine Shrimp,
Greenwater
8-16
Rotifers,
Copepods,
Brine Shrimp
Golden/
Brown length 5-6
Flagellate
Rotifers,
Copepods,
Brine Shrimp
* Note: Cell sizes and counts will vary up to 20% depending on the time
of the year and growing temperature. However the biomass (dry weight)
will always remain the same.
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Characteristics
Cell Count*
Live Algae
Equivalent
Size
Dry
Weight
Shelf Life
Nannochloropsis ~68 billion / ml
3600 liters
@ 12 millon
cells / ml
2-4
18.4 %
8-12 weeks
1 year frozen
3600 liters
@ 410 thousand 8-16
cells / ml
18.9%
8-12 weeks
1 year frozen
6%
8-10 weeks
Refrigerate
Only
Species
Tetraselmis
~ 1.5 billion /
ml
Isochrysis
~ 3.1 billion /
ml
1200 liters
@ 2.6 millon
cells / ml
5-6
Pavlova
(December
2001)
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Nutritional characteristics
Nannochloropsis
Tetraselmis
Isochrysis
Premium
18.4%
Premium
18.9%
Premium
6%
CryoPaste
20%
CryoPaste
21%
CryoPaste
16.5%
Calories
from 100 ml
48.4
48.2
45.5
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid)
0.85%
0.25%
0.4%
Chlorophyl A
0.89%
1.42%
0.98%
Protein
52.11 %
54.66 %
46.69 %
Carbohydrate
12.32 %
18.31 %
24.15 %
Lipid
27.64 %
14.27 %
17.07 %
Dry Weight
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HUFA Characteristics
Nannochloropsis
Tetraselmis
Isochrysis
EPA (20:5n3)
% of Lipid
37%
9.3%
2.5%
DHA (22:6n3)
% of Lipid
0
0
10.2%
ARA (18:2n-6)
% of Lipid
5.26%
0.40%
0.52%
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Microalgae Ice Cubes
Algae paste can be frozen into small ice cubes
 creating a pre-measured quantity of algae
 extends the shelf life of the algae.
When frozen, break the cubes out of the trays and
store them in a plastic bag in the freezer. The
cubes can be added directly to the tank or
dissolved in a jar with water from the tank and
then added to the tank.
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Gravity Flow Method (Simple and inexpensive)
 Hang the bucket slightly above tank
 Use a thin plastic tube to siphon the algae
from the bucket into the tank
 Use a clip to regulate the flow of algae so it will
run for a full day at a constant drip
 In warm environments add a frozen "gel ice" to
the bucket to keep the algae concentrate cool
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Metering Pump (Better control)
Use an inexpensive metering or dosing
pump ($150-200) to maintain constant flow
rate
The bucket can be placed in a refrigerator
or can be a purpose made refrigerated
tank located anywhere in the hatchery and
can feed chosen tanks at the same time
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Spray-dried Schizochytrium sp.AlgaMac-2000
spray-dried heterotrophic strain of microalgae,
Schizochytrium sp., rich in both n-3 and n-6
long chain fatty acids
Schizochytrium sp. (American Type Culture
Collection 20888) biomass was produced in a
400-L fermenter
 At the end of the fermentation, the cells were
concentrated by centrifugation, spray-dried,
and vacuum sealed in foil packets.
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Heterotrophic Production
 Species of heterotrophic microalgae that could
be grown in conventional fermentation systems
might be produced at a much lower cost than
microalgae produced in outdoor ponds.
 Production controls inherent in fermentation
systems have the potential to facilitate
production of heterotrophic algae with an
improved and more consistent biochemical
quality.
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Algamac Products
Previous attempts have been made to utilize
spray-dried heterotrophic microalgae as
aquaculture feeds.
The strains chosen, however, were selected
primarily for their heterotrophic mass production
attributes, with only a secondary concern for
their nutritional profile, especially in terms of
their n-3 and n-6 HUFAs.
As a result, they generally performed poorly as
feed for larval marine organisms
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Physical characteristics
Particle size analysis indicated a range from 318 um with an average particle size of 7.5 um
Suspension in water
Approximately 50% of the cells remained
suspended after 6 h of static conditions (no
mixing or aeration) in all three treatments
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Proximate analysis and fatty acid profile
Proximate
Moisture
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
Ash
(% dry weight)
3%
32%
39%
13%
12%
Fatty Acid
Profile
% of total fatty
acids)
20:5 (n-3) (EPA) 0.6
22:5 (n-6) (DPA) 12.9
22:6 (n-3) (DHA) 24.0
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Rotifer enrichment
 Rotifers fed Schizochytrium sp. for only 8 h had DHA,
EPA, and arachidonic acid contents of 18.3%, 0.3% and
1.4% of total fatty acids
 Rotifers fed Schizochytrium sp. for 24 h have DHA, EPA,
and arachidonic acid contents 17.7%, 5.7% and 6.5% of
total fatty acids respectively.
 Rotifers fed Schizochytrium sp. for 24 h do not exhibit
further increased concentrations of DHA in their fatty
acids but do exhibit increased EPA, and arachidonic acid
concentrations
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Artemia enrichment
Nauplii enriched with Schizochytrium sp.
for 24 h had an EPA content of 0.4% of dry
weight and a DHA content of 0.1%.
The highest enrichment level occurred at
400 mg/mL of Schizochytrium. The EPA
content in the nauplii was 0.5% of dry
weight and the DHA content was 0.8%.
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