Transcript Slide 1
WFP, Social Protection & the SPF Initiative Inter-Agency Technical Meeting on the CEB Social Protection Floor Initiative Turin, 13-15 October 2009 An evolving concept… • Paradigm shift – From scattered projects to institutionalized systems – Ex-ante and ex-post interventions • Countercyclical measures • Growth-linkages – Multi-sectoral, multi-actor platform • Entry points (a) Predictability: from relief to multiannual support (HoA) (b) ‘Weaving the net’ (Camb, Moz, Mwi, Bangl) (c) Rights, political space, constituencies (AU) – SPF: (b) and (c) oriented? Defining the universe e.g. Weather insurance Social protection Labour policy and insurance e.g. contributory pensions, unemployment benefits, health insurance, minimum wage Social sector policy Services and infrastructure for education, health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, agriculture etc. Social safety nets Transfers (non-contributory) and subsidies e.g. Cash transfers Conditional cash transfers Food transfers Conditional food transfers (e.g. school feeding) Public/community works Vouchers Price subsidies e.g. Health clinics, classrooms WFP: safety nets as related to food assistance Forms Social protection Formal Private Informal Public Domestically funded (fiscal revenues) Externally funded (donors, agencies) Typology Limited social protection systems Emerging social protection systems (Quasi) Consolidated social protection systems (Afghanistan, Sudan, Haiti Somalia) (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi Bangladesh, Cambodia) (India, Egypt, Brazil, Ecuador, South Africa) Variables’ level Ext Ext SNs Ext Nat Ins Nat SNs SNs Ins Nat Ins More advanced Less-advanced Stage of development in national capacities Capacities (financial, admin, institutional, technical) Composition (safety net transfers or insurance) Funding (external or national) Typology • Catalyzes some longstanding issues – Markets-public policy, aid effectiveness • Different objectives and trade-offs – Relief traps, quality/efficiency • Different capacity – Institutional and operational… (and ‘will’ of course!) – Scope for cross-learning, not ‘exporting’ lessons • Different options and combinations – Between SP interventions, and others (‘graduation’) WFP & global policy engagement • Platforms – – – – JLICA UNAIDS JAF/SP WB-WFP POVNET* • Research – CSP – WB – EPRI • Various events (eg Cairo) WFP country policy engagement • • • • • • • • • • • Afghanistan NDS Ethiopia PSNP Malawi DRR/SPP Mozambique SPP Kenya HSNP Bangladesh SPP Cambodia SNS/P Ecuador CVA Guatemala CCT+ Namibia OVC Egypt FSS WFP toolkit Context analysis Vulnerability analysis Needs assessments Design Definition of objectives (nutrition, education, HIV, income etc) Targeting mechanisms Market assessment Response analysis and transfer selection Capacity assessment Delivery mechanisms Appraisal/review of programs Implementation Partnerships Food transfers Evaluation Impact on food security and nutrition Cash transfers Vouchers Insurance Impact on livelihoods And assets Impact on education and health Impact on markets Baseline surveys Nutrition and food security surveillance systems Disaster preparedness Policy formulation and capacity building Cost efficiency Contingency plans Exit strategy Inform decision-making Process evaluation Evidence and lessons learned Technical and advisory services • State-of-the-art diagnostics – Vulnerability, needs, food security, markets • EFSAs, CFSVAs, CFSAs, FEWSNET etc – Data collection, analysis and interpretation – Geospatial mapping and livelihood profiling • Disaster prevention & preparedness – Early warnings, remote sensing (eg ITHACA) – Contingency plans, insurance (eg AXA Re) Technical and advisory services • M&E systems – Markets and nutrition surveillance systems – Process and impact (eg IFPRI) • Design – Targeting mechanisms • Administrative, geographical, community – Conditionality – Transfer selection – Delivery mechanisms Implementation • Extensive field-based partnership network – 2800+ NGOs, private sector – Catalyst for scaling-up/joint initiatives • Food and cash-based transfers – Strategic and policy shift – Mainstreaming cash/vouchers (30+ initiatives) – Innovative food-based interventions Implementation • Micronutrient powders… – – – – – Haiti – 35,000 children 6-24 months Kenya – 50,000 refugees through GFD Nepal – 122,500 children 6-59 months Philippines – 26,100 children 6-24 months Uganda – 861,000 IDPs and refugees • RUTF… – – – – – – Afghanistan – 37,000 children 6-24 months Burkina Faso – 76,000 children 6-24 months Sudan – 18,000 children 6-36 months Ethiopia – 40,000 children <5 years Somalia – 63,800 children 6-59 months Yemen – 21,921 children 6-59 months Implementation • Applications (& access to) – Education • School feeding: 22.6M children in 68 countries – – – – Nutrition interventions HIV/AIDS Gender and skills development Disaster risk-reduction • Spur innovations/markets in agriculture – Asset-creation • Implementation focus – Quantity vs quality, entitlement vs. incentives Implementation Some final remarks… • Country-specific SP trajectories – No one-size-fits-all approach – Gradual/sequential introduction of formal SP measures – Role of non-economic factors • Context matters – Implementation capacity: tailoring objectives, tools and support – SPF pilots: by UNDAF stage and model? • Demand-led approach: ‘try walking in my shoes’ – ‘Convincing’ as an outcome of informed processes, not an upfront objective? – Lay out benefits/opportunities... and cost/limitations (+ credibility?) – SP process not in isolation: recognizing, weighing, reconciling broader competing priorities and trade-offs Thanks!