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Enabling the Smart Grid with AMI and SAP at PSE&G Jerry Casarella Chief Architect PSEG © 2008 Eventure Events. All rights reserved. Contents • Smart Grid Scope and Definition • Smart Grid Key Components • Smart Grid Key Characteristics and Applications • Smart Grid Architecture • AMI Definition and Components • AMI and Smart Grid Smart Grid Scope and Definition Smart Grid Scope Part of the overall energy ecosystem that included Generation, Transmission, Distribution and the Customer premise Energy Markets Smart Smart Generation Generation Centralized Centralized Smart Smart Grid Grid Distributed Distributed Transmission Transmission Baseload Baseload Transmission Transmission Operations Operations Smart Smart End End Use Use Distribution Distribution Commercial/ Commercial/ Industrial Industrial Residential Residential Distribution Distribution Operations Operations Smart SmartMotors Motors &&Devices Devices Smart Smart Appliances Appliances Peaking Peaking Information Information Systems Systems Intermittent Intermittent Demand Demand Response Response Critical Critical // Backup Backup Green Green Power Power Power Power Electronics Electronics Smart Smart Storage Storage Plug Plug --in in Hybrids Hybrids Asset Asset Management Management Advanced Advanced Metering Metering Building Building Automation Automation Grid Grid Monitoring Monitoring Site Site Energy Energy Mgmt MgmtSystems Systems Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Grid Grid Automation Automation Communication Communication &&Control Control Enterprise Enterprise Integration Integration Smart Smart Dist. Dist.Devices Devices 4 Source: Global Environment Fund and The Center for Smart Energy Smart Grid Scope Smart Grid encompasses the entire Electric Delivery System • Transmission Grid – Control/Indication (SCADA) – Advanced Sensors supporting overall grid reliability • Phasor Measurement Units • Temperature sensors to support dynamic line ratings • Substation – Control/Indication of major equipment (SCADA) – Time synchronized real-time data from major equipment and relays • Smart Sensors • Voltage/load control • Distribution Grid • Demand response • Outage Management • Grid Management • Asset Management Smart Grid Definition – Key Technology Components Source: DOE Modern Grid The Modern Grid Initiative has defined a Smart Grid as a modernized Electricity Network using the following digital and informational technologies to meet key characteristics: Integrated Communications – High-speed, fully integrated, two-way communication technologies Sensing and Measurement – Technologies to: enhance power system measurements, evaluate the health of equipment and the integrity of the grid, support advanced protective relaying. eliminate meter estimations. prevent energy theft, enable consumer choice and demand response Advanced Components – Advanced components used to determine the grid’s behavior. These power system devices will apply the latest research in materials, superconductivity, energy storage, power electronics, and microelectronics. Advanced Control Methods – New methods to monitor essential components and enable the rapid diagnosis and timely, appropriate response to any event. Improved Interfaces and Decision Support – Seamless, real-time use of applications and tools that enable grid operators and managers to make decisions quickly. Electric Grid Today… • Communications technology has limited information available to grid operators – Some data from substations – Monthly meter readings – Customer calls for outages and other issues • Lack of information limits the grid operator’s ability to manage the grid efficiently – Limited customer motivation to manage usage Substation Generation Metering Transmission System Distribution System A “Smart Grid” Would be Much Different… • Information from across entire grid – Two-way communications reaching inside the home – Advanced sensors and metering • Customer motivated to manage load • Advanced applications to support decision making Substation Analysis Systems Generation Metering Transmission System Distribution System Grid Operator Smart Grid Key Components Key Smart Grid Components Smart Meters and Sensors • Smart meters at all customer locations – Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI) • Smart relays at all substations • Advanced sensors on transmission and distribution lines Substation Smart relays Smart meters Generation Smart sensors Transmission System Distribution System Key Smart Grid Components Communications Across Grid • High-speed communications to substation and distribution devices • Two-way communications to the customer (AMI) – Enable Home Area Networks (HAN) High Speed Two-way Communications Substation Home Area Network Generation Transmission System Distribution System Key Smart Grid Components Advanced Components • Distributed generation and energy storage – Solar and/or wind installations • Home Area Network (HAN) in customer homes – Smart thermostats/Energy Management and Demand Response – Smart appliances – Plug-in Electric Hybrid Vehicles • Equipment monitoring devices in stations Energy Management Substation Solar Generation PHEV Transmission System Distributed Generation Distribution System Smart Appliances Key Smart Grid Components Decision Support Systems • Distribution Management System to support Grid Operator – 3 million+ devices on the system – Data from across system (voltage, power factor, outages, etc) – Automated control throughout grid • Enhancements to existing systems needed – Outage Management, Asset Management, etc – Must leverage available data Substation Generation Transmission System Distribution System Advanced Applications to support Grid Operator Smart Grid Key Characteristics and Applications Smart Grid Definition – Key Characteristics Source: DOE Modern Grid Seven principal characteristics comprise the systems view of the modern grid 1. Self-heals 2. Motivates and Includes the consumer 3. Resists attack 4. Provides power quality for 21st century needs 5. Accommodates all generation and storage options 6. Enables markets 7. Optimizes assets and operates efficiently Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Self-heals Rationale Supporting technologies • Minimize interruptions • Restore service quickly • Real-time data supporting condition assessment and contingency analysis • 13kV Loop-scheme • Class H transfer scheme • Energy Management System Benefits • Lower SAIFI, MAIFI & CAIDI • Improved Customer Satisfaction • Reduce outage related cost for customers • • • • • Contingency Analysis Synchrophasors Dynamic transmission line ratings Outage Management System Advanced-loop scheme Distribution/Substation automation Distribution Management System High speed two way communications (AMI) Real-time customer outage information Control/indication across system A Smart Grid “Self-heals” CURRENT GRID Substation A Smart Grid reports outages and automatically restores customers SMART GRID Substation Grid Operator Outage Reports Plant damage can interrupt multiple customers X X Automatic Restoration Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Motivates and Includes the Customer Rationale Supporting technologies • Real-time demand and price to the customer • Modified customer consumption • Two-way real-time communications with customer (AMI) • • Benefits • • • • Lower cost for customers Reduce system peak Lower capital expenditure & improve utilization Environmental benefits Real-time consumption TOU pricing • Home Area Network (AMI) • Efficient/smart appliances A Smart Grid “Motivates and Includes Substation Customers” Grid Operator Price signals sent to customer Time-of-Use rates measured During peak periods Customers adjust usage Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Resists Attack Rationale Supporting technologies • Resist physical and cyber attacks • Minimize consequence and rapid restoration • • • • Benefits • Reduce vulnerability NERC CIP Standard Physical security and monitoring at key sites Encrypted communication Security risk part of planning/design criteria A Smart Grid “Resists Attack” Substation Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Power Quality for the 21st Century Rationale Supporting technologies • Limit momentary interruptions • Tight voltage tolerances • Clean power - no sags, surges, harmonics • Advanced-loop scheme • Substation automation • Distribution Management System • System-wide volt/var control • High speed two way communications (AMI) Benefits • • • • Improved customer productivity Improved customer satisfaction Improved voltage to customer Improve PQ metrics (SARFI) • • • Real-time customer outage information Control/indication across system PQ enabled meters • Transient suppression equipment • Reduce customer induced PQ problems and improve PQ sensitivity of loads A Smart Grid provides “Power Quality for Substation 21st Century” Substation Power Quality Monitoring Premium Power Programs Advanced Loop Scheme High speed communications and additional switching devices Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Accommodate all Generation and Storage Options Rationale Supporting technologies • • • • • Two-way real-time communications with customer • Real-time pricing signals • TOU pricing (AMI) • Home Area Network (AMI) • Distribution Management System Enables wide variety of generation/storage options Simplified interconnection process – “Plug-and-Play” Enable profitability of small, distributed generation Accommodate large renewable plants into transmission system Benefits • • • • Improved customer productivity Improved customer satisfaction Increase reliability and capacity Environmental benefits • Renewables • • • Real-time control/indication of local generators Support for PHEVs Demand Side Management • Advanced planning tools A Smart Grid “Accommodates All Generation & Storage Options” Substation Grid Operator Generator Control & Indication Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Enable Markets Rationale Supporting technologies • Increased generation paths - more market participation • Leverage supply/demand of markets • Improved demand response • Two-way real-time communications with customer Benefits • Open access drives efficiency • Buyers and sellers brought together • Lower capital/operating costs • • Real-time pricing signals TOU pricing (AMI) • Home Area Network (AMI) • Distribution Management System • • Real-time control/indication of local generators Support for PHEVs • Advanced planning tools Key Characteristics: Rationale, Benefits, Technologies Optimize assets and operates efficiently Rationale Supporting technologies • Near real-time data: • Substation automation • • Improves condition assessment and Asset Management Improves distribution operations decision making Benefits • • • • Lower capital/operating costs Improved maintenance processes Improved reliability Environmental benefits • Lower losses • Widespread uses of sensors & IEDs • CMMS • • Advanced trending algorithms Automated trouble notification • EMS • Contingency analysis • Green Circuit Initiative (EPRI) • Distribution Management System • • Contingency analysis System-wide volt/var control • Dynamic transmission lines ratings A Smart Grid “Optimizes Assets & Operates Substation Substation Efficiently” Grid Operator Asset Manager Investment Plan Voltage & PF Measures Voltage & PF Control Load Data Equipment Status Smart Grid Architecture Smart Grid Architecture and Technology Components (source: KEMA, DOE) Advanced Control Methods T&D Operations DMS DSM EMS SCADA Enterprise Informatio Procurement & Market Ops Power Delivery & Customer AMI Back-end Planning & Bidding & Trading & SG Front-end n Services Operations Forecasting Scheduling Contracts Integration Resource WMS MWF Settlements SAP XI Dispatch ERP Plant Info CIS T&D Planning & Engineering SAP Systems SAP CMMS Planning Asset Mgmt Distribution Management OMS T&D Field GIS Devices, Sensors & Comms Equipment SAP WM Distributed Resources Web Access Integrated Communications GIS OMS Ops Data Mart Transmission Info Line sensors DMS, EMS DSM Customers Customer Services AMI SAP CCS/CRM Renewable Head-end MDUS Resource MDM Communications Infrastructure Asset Mgmt System Billing & Settlements Forecasting & Scheduling Improved Decision Support Executive Dashboards Substation Automation Data Backhaul Substations SCADA Comms IEDs/Smart sensors Equipment monitoring Relays Substation PMUs-synchrophasorsAutomation Collection Local Comms Advanced Meters Demand Communication Infrastructure Response Home Area Network (HAN) & Building Smart In-home devices EMS Advanced Metering Condition Advanced Components Monitoring Infrastructure Distributed Generation Distribution Automation SCADA Distribution Automation Renewables Distributed Generation PHEVs ISO & Energy Markets Stakeholders Sensing & Measurement Control/indication •Reclosers •Cap banks Automated Switches Smart sensors Fault Indicators AMI Definition and Components Meter Reading has gone through several evolutionary cycles, with AMR more recently giving way to AMI. Manual Meter Reading Electronic Meter Reading Off-Site Meter Reading (EMR) (OMR) Automated Meter Reading (AMR) Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Gateway/ Home Automatio n Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a term coined to differentiate bidirectional, high functionality technologies from older, automated meter reading (AMR) technologies. According to FERC: Advanced metering is a metering system that records customer consumption [and possibly other parameters] hourly or more frequently and that provides for daily or more frequent transmittal of measurements over a communication network to a central collection point. When utilities explore AMI, they realize that it enables key utility, customer and societal benefits • Utility Operational Benefits: • Improved Outage Detection – smart meters automatically send information when power is removed and restored • Improved Meter to Billing Processes – moves from a manual to automated process • Faster Customer Inquiry Response Time – enables operators ready access to customer information • Fewer Customer Complaints, More Customer Control – provides system operator with near-real time information • Customer Service Connection Convenience – can remotely provision service • Active Tracking of Inactive Meters and Theft – allows verification that no consumption is measured on inactive locations • • • • • • • Customer and Societal Benefits: Lower Energy Bills – by shifting consumption to off-peak periods and by conservation Lower Market Price Benefits – reduces the need to purchase energy at higher spot prices Deferred Generation Construction Costs – energy reduction can help avoid new generation Smart In-home Systems – to provide energy information and consumption feedback Distributed Generation Assets – to measure resources that feed or reduce grid requirements Smart Grid Technologies – provides means to improve the performance and reliability of the grid AMI Technology Overview Supporting End-to-End Processes Retail Premise Equipment Home Area Network + Meter & Communications Infrastructure + Meter&Event Data Management = Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Meter Data Unification & Synchronizat. System Demand Response Mgmt System Outage Mgmt System GIS; Field Order Mgmt System Consumer Endpoint Products Devices .. consuming energy Devices in the home that can be remotely updated and controlled by the utility. Connected to meter via gateway HAN Home Automation Network The network connecting consumer products and endpoint devices collects, transmits and stores enduser consumption. Configured remotely. Distribution Equipment Distribution Automation elements that use the same infrastructure to transmit or receive commands. CIS Billing Determinants Generation Meter Data Repository Distribution Revenue Planning & Protection Operation Load Install. Forecast & & Maint. Settlement Asset Mgmt & Install. Planning; Field Order Mgmt Systems “Smart” Meter Measures, SAP Demand Customer Response Interface Mgmt Outage Mgmt Marketing&Sales Customer Service Billing Load Forecasting & Settlement System SAP Utilities Customer Generic Enterprise Energy Extensions Applications Asset Relationship Capital “IS-U” Management Management Management & Billing Enterprise Management & Business Support SAP for Utilities Business Process Platform Local Area Network (LAN) Transmits data between meters and the collector. Solution specific protocols. Emerging standards. Concen trator Collects, stores and transmits messages to and from multiple meter points. Wide AMI MDUS* Area Head End Network (WAN) Central Transmits data between concentrator and AMI head end. Solution specific protocols. Controls Meters & Communic. Infrastructure Manages Meter & Event Data and forwards to MDUS repository for meter&event data collected from all AMI Head Ends. Dispatches AMI Head Ends. Accessed by all apps responsible for processing the data Customer Integration of • Marketing&Sales • Customer Service • Billing • EAM to MDUS. System of Record for all customer and commercial data and the related processes that leverage AMI. Internet, CTI, IVR, Call Center Most end-to-end processes are either directly or indirectly initiated by the customer and are the consequence of or result in customer services and have an impact on the customers bill (supply contract) Meter Data Management Applications Central repository for meter data that facilitates operationalizing and monetizing the benefits of AMI Demand Response Mgmt System Systems that could make use of Meter Data Traditional, Valueadded use of Meter Data Non-Traditional, Value-added use of Meter Data Customer Service Operations – Move in/Move out – On Demand Meter Read – Service Connect Disconnect – Meter Read Data Quality – Energy Diversion Identification – Date Validation, Editing, Estimation Outage Mgmt System Demand Customer Response Interface Mgmt Outage Mgmt Meter Data Repository GIS; Field Order Mgmt System Distribution Planning & Operation Install. & Maint. Asset Mgmt & Install. Planning; Field Order Mgmt Systems Billing Determinants Generation Revenue Protection Load Forecast & Settlement Load Forecasting & Settlement System CIS Customer Programs – Mass Market Demand Response – Web Data Access – Billing Options & Tariffs – Automated Controls Metering Operations – AMI Asset Management – Meter O&M Management – AMI Installation Management – AMI Diagnostics and Error Flag Management Distribution Operations & Planning – Outage event processing – Restoration Verification – Transformer Load Monitoring AMI@SAP System Architecture The SAP AMI solution consists of: Meter Data Unification System (MDUS) provided by the MDM vendors and acting as a link between the AMI communications systems and SAP • Standard, tight integration between the MDUS and the SAP for Utilities modules • Enhancement to SAP for Utilities functionality to support new processes such as On-Demand Reads, Remote Connects/Disconnects High Speed ..... AMI System n Handler Meter Data Repository Master Data Synchronization Command Mgr & Event Handler AMI System Unification Dependent on vendor compatibility SAP XI NetWeaver AMI-Vendors AMI/MDM-Vendors MDM-Vendors SAP Meter&Energy Data Repository Meter & Energy Data Management Meter & Device Master Data Meter & Device Management CRM/CIS Data Marketing/Sales (Self) Service Billing/Invoicing AccRec/C&C Service Provider Data EAM Data Intercompany Data Exchange Enterprise Asset Management • Service Mgmt Enterprise Management & Business Support NetWeaver Enterprise Service Repository SAP Enterprise Role: Full Service Provider AMI System 1 Meter Data SAP for Utilities AMI Enabling MDUS along defined Industry Standards • Set of Enterprise Services • AMI, MDUS (MDM), SAP for Utilities Roles Advanced Metering Infrastructure • • • Smart Meter, Communication Infrastructure, AMI Head End System Collecting/Forwarding Metering Data Receiving/Forwarding Event Data MDUS • • • • • • • Specialized to manage very large volumes of (Basic Interval data) BID and very large volumes of events at highest speed and lowest TCO Integrates and unifies several AMI Systems Synchronizes master data for AMI Systems with those back office applications that are the System of Record for the respective master data The System of Record for all BID collected through AMI Systems Provides BID to applications (such as SAP) Validates BID, Estimates missing BID 24 x 7 availability SAP for Utilities • • • • Responsible for Customer Relationship & Billing, Enterprise Asset Management and basic ERP processes The System of Record for all „processing-relevant“ metering data • Selected/Limited volumesof BID that was read 1:1 from the MDUS (C&I/Small Retailers) • Discrete meter readings Responsible for various Energy Capital Mgmt Processes (processing Non-BID Load Profiles) Validates/estimates „processing relevant“ metering data AMI and Smart Grid Smart Grid and AMI How AMI reinforces the seven principal characteristics of the Modern Grid 1. Motivation and inclusion of the consumer is enabled by AMI technologies that provide the fundamental link between the consumer and the grid. 2. Generation and storage options distributed at consumer locations can be monitored and controlled through AMI technologies. 3. Markets are enabled by connecting the consumer to the grid through AMI and permitting them to actively participate, either as load that is directly responsive to price signals, or as part of load resources that can be bid into various types of markets, 4. AMI smart meters equipped with Power Quality (PQ) monitoring capabilities enable more rapid detection, diagnosis and resolution of PQ problems. 5. AMI enables a more distributed operating model that reduces the vulnerability of the grid to terrorist attacks. 6. AMI provides for self healing by helping outage management systems detect and locate failures more quickly and accurately. It can also provide a ubiquitous distributed communications infrastructure having excess capacity that can be used to accelerate the deployment of advanced distribution operations equipment and applications. 7. AMI data provides the granularity and timeliness of information needed to greatly improve asset management and operations. Smart Grid and AMI How AMI relates to the 5 key technology areas of the Modern Grid 1. Integrated Communications: AMI provides the last and by far the most extensive link between the grid (including the consumer’s load) and the system operator. 2. Sensing and Measurement: Smart meters extensively measure system conditions (including PQ) down to the consumer level. 3. Advanced Control Methods: Consumer-side applications process information and initiate control actions locally (sometimes based on real time pricing). Distribution operations centers process AMI information and take control actions at the system and regional level. 4. Advanced Grid Components: AMI supports the deployment of distributed energy resources and can reduce the communication network costs of deploying pole-top distribution automation components. 5. Improved Interfaces & Decision Support:: AMI consumer portals, home area networks, and in-home displays provide the human interface and support consumer decision-making. Decision support at distribution operations centers is enabled by the additional information provided by AMI. How SAP supports AMI and Smart Grid Power Delivery & Customer Services Operations WMS AMI Back-end SG Front-end T&D Field Devices, Sensors & Comms Equipment Distributed Customers Resources Renewable Resource MWF Web Access ERP CIS Head-End MDM MDUS Asset Mgmt System Backhaul Comms GIS OMS Billing & Settlements Ops Data Mart Forecasting & Scheduling ISO & Energy Markets EMS Data Collection DMS, DSM Stakeholders SCADA Substations Local Comms Demand Response & Building EMS Substation Automation Condition Monitoring Distribution Automation Distributed Generation Demand Response and Distributed Energy Resources (DR/DER) are key areas of AMI and Smart Grid intersection • Time-based tariff programs enabled by AMI can help meet customers need for more efficiency – TOU linkage to Thermostat program are an effective means of helping consumers capture economic benefits – In-home display units can help customers better understand the connection between consumption and costs – Metering will be used for Measurement and Verification. • Distributed energy resources can be effectively managed, administered and incorporated into integrated reserve management programs: Metering will provide the requisite monitoring • Energy storage can be effectively dispatched to offset peaks; Metering will be used to capture the net results • Distributed Generation can be viewed, managed and controlled as required; Metering will provide net use calculations Reliability Automated outage and restoration processing at service points is a key function that can augment existing outage management processes. • Meters can provide “Last Gasp” messaging that indicates a power failure or restoration conditions; Back office applications can leverage this to supplement other network monitoring functions. • Linkage between meter physical and electrical addresses can be used for further circuit failure analsys • Power restoration notification and the ability to individually “ping” a meter for status can help ensure full restoration in a given area; This could help eliminate “nested” outage call backs for field crews. Distribution Grid Management Feeder and Distribution Automation can be enabled through the AMI infrastructure and with selected upgraded meter functionality • Distribution Grid Management – Communication/control of distribution switches – Distribution transformer load management – Utilization of sensors for advanced functions/analysis (fault detectors, equipment/conductor temperatures, etc) – Contingency analysis and overload mitigation – Distribution system voltage management/control • Self Healing System/High Speed Communication for control/protection – High speed communication to support advanced sectionalizing schemes • Sensors and other IED’s are being included as AMI network peripherals – Many DA vendors are beginning to support open standards that are being used for AMI networks – This helps further justify AMI and DA infrastructure investments Smart Grid and AMI Alignment Asset Management Improved equipment health assessment and associated asset management functions • Regular data capture from field assets can be used to drive intelligence-based maintenance programs. – Linking status reports with other key parameters (such as temperature) can now provide additional criteria to be used for field operations – Preventative Maintenance routines can begin to displace more expensive Corrective Maintenance dispatches – Inventory management can be optimized based on more accurate models • Load data can be aggregated to identify key areas of interest – Actual field data from meters can be used to verify load design forecasts and limits – Critical conditions can be addressed prior to failure or overstressed states Summary AMI Background Linking AMI, Smart Grid, and SAP • AMI provides the link between the customer and the grid via: – Smart Meters and Home Area Networks – AMI communication network • The AMI communication network can be leveraged to support deployment of sensors and monitoring equipment • The MDUS and SAP are key components that need to be integrated to support the required AMI functionality AMI and SAP components leveraged to enable Smart Grid functions Major Smart Grid Function Application to PSE&G AMI Component leveraged SAP Component leveraged Demand Response and Distributed Energy Resources • AMI Infrastructure will be used to send price signals to consumers and optionally control smart thermostats or other load shedding devices • Metering will be used for Measurement and Verification of demand response efforts • Metering will provide the requisite monitoring of distributed energy resources and storage and the net use calculations for distributed generation. Smart Thermostat Home Area Network Smart Meters Communications. MDUS CRM CCS EAM EDM Reliability and Outage Management • Meters can provide “Last Gasp” messaging that indicates a power failure or restoration conditions • Power restoration notification and the ability to individually “ping” a meter for status can help ensure full restoration in a given area Smart Meters Communications MDUS CRM CCS Distribution Grid Management • Communication/control of distribution switches • Distribution transformer load management • Utilization of sensors for advanced functions/analysis (fault detectors, equipment/conductor temperatures, etc) • Contingency analysis and overload mitigation • Distribution system voltage management/control • High speed communication to support advanced sectionalizing schemes Smart Meters Communications MDUS EAM Asset Management • Regular data capture from field assets can be used to drive intelligence-based maintenance programs. • Linking status reports with other key parameters (such as temperature) can now provide additional criteria to be used for field operations • Load data can be aggregated to identify key areas of interest • Actual field data from meters can be used to verify load design forecasts and limits • Critical conditions can be addressed prior to failure or overstressed states Smart Meters MDUS EAM Jerry Casarella Chief Architect - PSEG [email protected] © 2008 Eventure Events. All rights reserved.