Transcript Zelezna Ruda, 25.05.2010
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF KOŠICE FACULTY OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS Department of Electric Power Engineering
E T H N I C K Á U N I V E R Z
FE I
K O Š I C E A
Modeling of Reconnection of Decentralized Power Energy Sources Using EMTP ATP
Ing. Dušan MEDVEĎ, PhD.
Železná Ruda-Špičák, 25. May 2010
Contents
• Theoretical problems of reconnection of decentralized electric sources in power system • Choosing of suitable model of power system for reconnection of decentralized sources • Simulations of chosen electric sources in power system model in EMTP-ATP • Conclusion
Problems of Reconnection of Decentralized Power Energy Sources to Distribution Grid Problems of reconnections of wind power plant:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of wind power plants outage; • dependence on actual meteorological situation; • relatively small power of wind power plants; • they are not possible to operate when the wind velocity is above 30 m/s or below 3 m/s.
Problems of reconnections of solar power plants:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of solar power plants outage; • problems with the season variations of sunlight (in December is 7-times weaker than in July); • difference between night and day is very significant
Problems of reconnections of water power plants:
• they generate electric power only when the water flow is in allowable range;
Review of present possibilities of computer simulation of power system at our department
• MATLAB/SIMULINK • EUROSTAG • PSLF • EMTP-ATP • ...
EMTP ATP (Electromagnetic Transient Program)
• • • • • • • • Generally, there is possible to model the power system network of 250 nodes, 300 linear branches, 40 switchers, 50 sources, ...
Circuits can be assembled from various electric component of power system: Components with the lumped parameters R,L,C; Components with the mutual coupling (transformers, overhead lines, ...); Morephase transmission lines with lumped or distributed parameters, that can be frequency-dependent; Nonlinear components R, L, C; Switchers with variable switching conditions, that are determined for simulation of protection relays, spark gaps, diodes, thyristors and other changes of net connection; Voltage and current sources of various frequencies. Besides of standard mathematical functions, there is possible to define also sources as function of time;
EMTP ATP (Electromagnetic Transient Program)
• • • • • • • • Model of three-phase synchronous engine with rotor, exciting winding, damping winding; Models of universal motor for simulation of three-phase induction motor, one-phase alternating motor and direct current motor; Components of controlling system and sense points.
This program EMTP ATP is not only computational. Because of better representation of results and simplifying of inputting data, this program has spread with another sub programs as follows:
ATPDraw
– graphical preprocessor;
PCPLot , PlotXY, GTPPLot
– graphical exporting of ATP;
Programmer‘s File Editor (PFE)
– text editor for creating and editing of output files;
ATP Control Center
– program that concentrate all controlling sub-programs into one general controlling window.
Scheme of electric power network for simulations
Scheme of electric power network for simulations in EMTP-ATP
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of sources of power system
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of overhead lines of power system
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of transformers of power system
Sources reconnection
• There were reconnected various sources in different locations of power system • First source was connected from the beginning of simulation, the second one was connected in 0,5 s and the third one in 1 s • All parameters of components in power system were inserted as card data of given components • Consequently, there were changed voltages and powers of connected sources • The measured data (voltages, currents, ...) were recorded and evaluated in various nodes of network • The maximal possible connected power were calculated and tested with permitted difference of voltages (quality of voltages must agree with conditions of ± 2 % from nominal voltage in grid) • The result were evaluated for phase L1 (A), because the loads were almost symmetrical
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 326 V
Sources reconnection
Voltage arising with sequential sources reconnecting
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 400 V
Sources reconnection
Voltage deviation in the node, closest to third source
Sources reconnection
Voltage deviation in the node, closest to the third source (detail)
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 385 V
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the various parameters and the maximal voltage of 391 V (2nd source) and 333 V (3rd source)
Sources reconnection
Power of first source, when it operates alone (0-0,5 s), with the second one (0,5-1 s) and consequently with third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Power of second source, when it operates with first one (0-0,5 s), and with the third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Power of third source, when it operates with first and third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Maximal voltages, that are possible to reach with the respecting of ± 2 % voltage variation in every node: Source 1:
U
m1 Source 2:
U
m2 Source 3:
U
m3 = 89815 V = 391 V = 333 V Maximal immediate power measured in the closest distances from the sources: Power of source 1 (single) =
2,2643 MW
Power of sources 1 + 2 =
3,5280 MW
= 2,2541 MW + 1,2739 MW Power of sources 1 + 2 + 3 =
3,5653 MW
= 2,1458 MW + 1,2621 MW + 0,1574 MW
Simulations of transient phenomena
Complemented scheme for simulation of transient phenomena M1,M2,M3 – places of failure event; measuring places
U1
110kV BCT Y
V
TR0
22 kV I
00
M1
AAO
V
LCC
0 AA
LCC
AB
LCC
AC
LCC
TR2
Y BCT
V
2 AD
LCC 1.002 km
TR1
Y BCT
V
1 I AE
LCC
ADA
LCC
TR5
Y BCT
V
5 AEA
LCC
TR4
Y BCT
V
4
M2 V
01
I Y BCT
V
3 TR3
Simulated transient phenomena:
• short-circuits • load (branch) disconnection • phase interruption • atmospheric overvoltage
AF
LCC
AFA
LCC
AG
LCC
AGA
LCC
AFB
LCC
AH
LCC Y BCT
V
11 TR11
BCT
V
12
Y
TR12
Y BCT
V
13 TR13
Y BCT
V
15 AI
LCC
AJ
LCC Y BCT
V
14 AFC
LCC Y BCT
V
7 TR14 AFD
LCC Y BCT
V
10 TR10
BCT Y
TR8
Y BCT
V
8 TR9
V
9 TR15 AK
LCC
V
0k
M3
BCT
V
17
Y
TRnz TR16
Y BCT
V
16
Y BCT
V
6 TR7 TR6
Three-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1 22 -12 90 [kV] 56 -46 -80 0,040 0,062 (file 3fskrat_M1.pl4; x-var t) v:X0080A v:X0080B v:X0080C 0,084 0,106 0,128 [s] 0,150
Three-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured place Location M1 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place 0 4,110 8,121 Location M2 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place -4,110 0 4,011 Location M3 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 7,466 4,011 0 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 88722 69337 71948 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 178560 182420 172670 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 45529 48449 57918 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 6533,5 203,5 36,453 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 3813,5 3840,9 36,373 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p [A] 2453,3 2432,2 2402,8
Two-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1 90 [kV] 60 30 0 -30 -60 -90 0,040 0,062 0,084 0,106 (f ile 2f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A v :X0080B v :X0080C 0,128 [s] 0,150
Two-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured place Location M1 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place 0 4,110 8,121 Location M2 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place -4,110 0 4,011 Location M3 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 7,466 4,011 0 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 86268 71133 69032 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 167630 178690 163660 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 69409 67746 98249 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 3122,3 197,08 36,822 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 2536,6 2697,5 36,975 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 1881,2 1854 1938
One-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1 80 [kV] 50 20 -10 -40 -70 0,040 0,062 0,084 0,106 (f ile 1f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0081A v :X0081B v :X0081C 0,128 [s] 0,150
One-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured place Location M1 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place 0 4,110 8,121 Location M2 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 Measured place -4,110 0 4,011 Location M3 Mutual distances [km] M1 M2 M3 7,466 4,011 0 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 78221 47897 55168 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 129130 147370 144980 Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
U
[V] 55513 59507 91992 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 5100,5 157,81 36,45 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 2607,7 2711,3 36,43 Peak current during short-circuit
i
p 1672,5 1641,2 1676,2
Phase interruption
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1, measured in location M2 20 [kV] 15 10 -5 -10 5 0 -15 -20 0,09 0,10 (file M1.pl4; x-var t) v:M2A v:M2B v:M2C 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14 [s] 0,15
Phase interruption
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1, measured in location M3 20 [kV] 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0,09 0,10 0,11 (f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :P17A v :P17B v :P17C 0,12 0,13 0,14 [s] 0,15
Load disconnection
Voltage characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in location M1 20 [kV] 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0,09 0,10 0,11 (f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A v :X0080B v :X0080C 0,12 0,13 [s] 0,14
Load disconnection
Current characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in location M1 200 [A] 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 (f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) c:X0080A-M1A c:X0080B-M1B c:X0080C-M1C 0,13 [s] 0,14
Atmospheric overvoltage
During the direct lightning strike to overhead line pole (HV), it is considered line impedance
Z
0 =300-500 Ω and lightning current of
I
20 kA, then the theoretical peak voltage magnitude of overvoltage = wave is in the range 3-5 MV. H H
Atmospheric overvoltage
Simulation of direct lightning strike to bus bar 22kV in location M1 6 [MV] 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 0,00 0,03 0,06 (f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0002A v :X0002B v :X0002C 0,09 0,12 [s] 0,15
Atmospheric overvoltage – measured results
Measured place M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3 Location of failure M1 Mutual distances [km] 0 4,110 8,121 Location of failure M2 -4,110 0 4,011 Location of failure M3 7,466 4,011 0 Steady state
U
[V] 17309 16969 16701 17309 16969 16701 17309 16969 16701 Overvoltage
U
[MV] 5,304 4,96 2,83 2,65 4,01 4,28 5,28 6,23 10,43
Conclusion
•
using of EMTP-ATP it is possible to relatively quickly consider connectivity of new power source (voltage change, short-circuit ratio,
•
overvoltage, ...); there were confirmed theoretical assumptions that the most important points with the highest quantity change are the closest branches to connection node, i.e.: - the highest increasing of voltage magnitude is in the node of source connection, - the highest increasing of short-circuit current is in the node of source
•
connection, if there were connected 3 sources, the voltage in the power system was increased to permitted maximum voltage, and then it is possible to
•
connect another load to the grid without significant complications, the similar procedure can be used for various small power systems