Transcript Document
Absolute Monarchy in Europe World Studies Chapter 21 7/16/2015 1 Absolutism Absolute Monarchs – Kings or queens who believed that they held all power – Divine right God created the Monarchy Monarchs were God’s representative on earth. 7/16/2015 2 Philip II Defended Catholicism – Ottoman Muslims – English Protestants Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V Inherited Portugal from uncle 7/16/2015 3 Philip II By the time it was all said and done, Philip had the following territories outside of Europe: – Spanish claims in North America – Portuguese claims in South America – Portuguese claims in Africa 7/16/2015 4 Spanish Problems Inflation from rise in population Taxes Trade Don Deficit Quixote – By Cervantes – Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain 7/16/2015 5 Dutch Revolt Spanish owed Netherlands Dutch were Calvinists William of Orange (Dutch Leader) Drove Spanish out with water Northern Netherlands became independent. Dutch establish trading empire 7/16/2015 6 Rembrandt The Syndics 7/16/2015 7 Jan Vermeer Woman 7/16/2015 Weighing Pearls (1662-64) 8 French Monarchs: The Bourbon Dynasty 7/16/2015 9 Henry IV 1st King of the Bourbon Dynasty Converted to Catholicism – “Paris is well worth a Mass” Edict of Nantes – Declared that Protestants could live in peace – Set up places of worship 7/16/2015 10 Cardinal Richelieu Aide for Louis XIII In reality, ruled France Steps to improve the monarchy – Moved against Huguenots – Weakened nobles power – Tried to make France the strongest country in Europe 7/16/2015 11 Skepticism Nothing is ever known for certain Michel de Montaigne – Developed the essay – “All that is certain is that nothing is certain.” René Descartes – Used observations to answer questions 7/16/2015 12 Louis XIV Boy King-became king at age 5 Cardinal Mazarin Louis takes control at age 23. Increased the power of intendants or gov’t agents. 7/16/2015 13 Louis XIV Jean Baptiste Colbert – Mercantilism-countries export more than they import to protect their economies. – What is a tariff? Tax on imports 7/16/2015 14 Louis XIV Canceled the Edict of Nantes Controlled nobles by having them work for him. Versailles-king’s palace 7/16/2015 15 Louis XIV Invasions – Spanish Netherlands (1667) – Dutch Netherlands (1672) Gained Several towns Drained French treasury 7/16/2015 16 Louis XIV – War of Spanish Succession (1700-13) Conflict over who took over for Charles II of Spain Treaty of Utrecht – Louis’ grandson crowned King of Spain – France could not unite with Spain 7/16/2015 17 Thirty Years War Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain, Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries + France Causes – Spread of Calvinism – Closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II – Conflict of power among Europe’s leaders 7/16/2015 18 Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia – Weakened Spain and Austria – France gained German territory – German princes were independent of Holy Roman Empire – Ended religious wars in Europe – New methods of negotiation 7/16/2015 19 Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3) Boyars – Landowning nobles – Tried to control Ivan as a boy First Czar of Russia (Age 16) Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands for Russia, including Siberia 7/16/2015 20 Ivan the Terrible “Bad Period” – After Anastasia’s (Ivan’s wife) death, he would kill anybody considered a traitor. – Killed son who he trained to inherit throne Time of Troubles – Period after Ivan’s death – Ivan’s other son was unable to rule. 7/16/2015 21 Peter the Great Ruled 1696-1725 Goal was to Westernize Russia – Introduced Potatoes – Started first Russian newspaper – Increased women’s status by attending social gatherings – Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing 7/16/2015 22 Opening Activity Name the five rights guaranteed by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. 7/16/2015 23 English Monarchs vs. Parliament Charles I – Struggle over use of money – Petition of Right No imprisonment w/o due cause No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent No quartering in private homes No martial law in times of peace 7/16/2015 24 English Civil War (1642-49) Parliament was fed up with Charles’ need for money Royalists-followers of the King Puritans-supporters of Parliament – Led by Oliver Cromwell Puritans captured Charles & executed him 7/16/2015 25 The Restoration Charles – – – – II Asked to rule the country Restored the monarchy Restored theater, sports, dancing Habeas corpus-right to a trial 7/16/2015 26 Glorious Revolution Overthrow of James II by William and Mary Constitutional Monarchy-ruler’s power is limited by law 7/16/2015 27 English Bill of Rights No suspending of Parliament’s laws No taxation w/o Parliament’s consent Freedom of speech Freedom of petition Cabinet-link between Parliament and the Monarch. 7/16/2015 28