Transcript Document
Absolute Monarchy in Europe
World Studies
Chapter 21
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Absolutism
Absolute
Monarchs
– Kings or queens who believed that
they held all power
– Divine right
God
created the Monarchy
Monarchs were God’s representative
on earth.
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Philip II
Defended
Catholicism
– Ottoman Muslims
– English Protestants
Inherited
Spanish Empire from father,
Charles V
Inherited Portugal from uncle
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Philip II
By
the time it was all said and done,
Philip had the following territories
outside of Europe:
– Spanish claims in North America
– Portuguese claims in South America
– Portuguese claims in Africa
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Spanish Problems
Inflation
from rise in population
Taxes
Trade
Don
Deficit
Quixote
– By Cervantes
– Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain
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Dutch Revolt
Spanish
owed Netherlands
Dutch were Calvinists
William of Orange (Dutch Leader)
Drove Spanish out with water
Northern Netherlands became
independent.
Dutch establish trading empire
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Rembrandt
The
Syndics
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Jan Vermeer
Woman
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Weighing Pearls (1662-64)
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French Monarchs: The Bourbon Dynasty
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Henry IV
1st
King of the Bourbon Dynasty
Converted to Catholicism
– “Paris is well worth a Mass”
Edict
of Nantes
– Declared that Protestants could
live in peace
– Set up places of worship
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Cardinal Richelieu
Aide
for Louis XIII
In reality, ruled France
Steps to improve the monarchy
– Moved against Huguenots
– Weakened nobles power
– Tried to make France the strongest
country in Europe
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Skepticism
Nothing
is ever known for certain
Michel de Montaigne
– Developed the essay
– “All that is certain is that nothing is
certain.”
René
Descartes
– Used observations to answer questions
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Louis XIV
Boy
King-became king at age 5
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis takes control at age 23.
Increased the power of intendants or
gov’t agents.
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Louis XIV
Jean
Baptiste Colbert
– Mercantilism-countries export more
than they import to protect their
economies.
– What is a tariff?
Tax on imports
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Louis XIV
Canceled
the Edict of Nantes
Controlled nobles by having them
work for him.
Versailles-king’s palace
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Louis XIV
Invasions
– Spanish Netherlands (1667)
– Dutch Netherlands (1672)
Gained Several towns
Drained French treasury
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Louis XIV
– War of Spanish Succession (1700-13)
Conflict over who took over for
Charles II of Spain
Treaty of Utrecht
– Louis’ grandson crowned King of
Spain
– France could not unite with Spain
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Thirty Years War
Fought
between Hapsburg countries
(Spain, Austria, Germany) and
Protestant countries + France
Causes
– Spread of Calvinism
– Closing of Protestant churches by
Ferdinand II
– Conflict of power among Europe’s leaders
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Thirty Years War
Peace
of Westphalia
– Weakened Spain and Austria
– France gained German territory
– German princes were independent of Holy
Roman Empire
– Ended religious wars in Europe
– New methods of negotiation
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Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
Inherited
throne in 1533 (Age 3)
Boyars
– Landowning nobles
– Tried to control Ivan as a boy
First
Czar of Russia (Age 16)
Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands
for Russia, including Siberia
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Ivan the Terrible
“Bad
Period”
– After Anastasia’s (Ivan’s wife) death, he
would kill anybody considered a traitor.
– Killed son who he trained to inherit throne
Time
of Troubles
– Period after Ivan’s death
– Ivan’s other son was unable to rule.
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Peter the Great
Ruled
1696-1725
Goal was to Westernize Russia
– Introduced Potatoes
– Started first Russian newspaper
– Increased women’s status by attending
social gatherings
– Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing
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Opening Activity
Name
the five rights guaranteed
by the First Amendment of the
United States Constitution.
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English Monarchs vs. Parliament
Charles
I
– Struggle over use of money
– Petition of Right
No
imprisonment w/o due cause
No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent
No quartering in private homes
No martial law in times of peace
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English Civil War (1642-49)
Parliament
was fed up with Charles’
need for money
Royalists-followers of the King
Puritans-supporters of Parliament
– Led by Oliver Cromwell
Puritans
captured Charles & executed
him
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The Restoration
Charles
–
–
–
–
II
Asked to rule the country
Restored the monarchy
Restored theater, sports, dancing
Habeas corpus-right to a trial
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Glorious Revolution
Overthrow
of James II by William and
Mary
Constitutional Monarchy-ruler’s power is
limited by law
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English Bill of Rights
No
suspending of Parliament’s laws
No taxation w/o Parliament’s consent
Freedom of speech
Freedom of petition
Cabinet-link between Parliament and
the Monarch.
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