Transcript Chapter Four - Project Citizen: Byrd Academy

School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Chapter Four
School Diversity and Differentiated
Schooling: The Progressive Era
1
(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Political Economy of Progressive Era
• Urbanization
• Immigration
Open vs. restricted immigration
• Industrialization
Artisans to monopoly capitalists
Taylorization
The effect on women’s work
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Worker Responses
• Trade unionism
Violence, strikes widespread
• Populism
Traditions of agrarian democracy
• Socialism
Urban, political, additional focus on race and
class equality
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Government Responses to Unrest
•
Progressivism
 Stabilized economy while reinforcing unequal power
relations between workers and business/government
•
Progressive urban reform
 Propelled by middle and upper class
•
Centralization of power and expertise
 Increased reliance on “experts” and privileged
citizens
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
New Liberal Ideology
• Natural law
 From scientific truth (Newton et al.) to relative truth
(Darwin)
• Reason
 From human reason to scientific rationality
• Virtue
 From religious truths to conditionally determined good
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
New Liberal Ideology
• Progress
 Natural law and reason give way to scientific planning
and management
• Nationalism
 From individualism to group identity
• Freedom
 From “negative” to “positive”
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
“New” Psychology
•
•
•
•
•
Faculty psychology is rejected
Psychoanalytic approach (Freud)
Primitivist psychology (Hall)
Social psychology (Mead)
Connectionism (Thorndike)
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Two Strands of Progressive Education
• Varied, child-centered curriculum
Developmental democracy model
Social efficiency model
• Learning through activity
• Schooling as response to social problems
• School a reflection of social realities
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Developmental Democracy Model
• John Dewey
• Education is only successful when people
participate in democratic forms of life
• Schools as “laboratories for democracy”
• Avoidance of vocational education
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Social Efficiency Model
• Charles W. Eliot
• Goals of
Social stability
Employable skills
Equal educational opportunity
Meritocracy
• Use of mass IQ testing
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Concluding Remarks
• Progressive Era marks shift from classical
laissez-faire liberalism to reliance on
government and scientific expertise to solve
social and economic problems
• Schools as the setting for a social-efficiency
approach to education
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary
• American socialism
• artisan
craftsmanship
• developmental
democracy
• John Dewey
• Charles Eliot
• eugenics
• monopoly
capitalism
• new immigration
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e
School & Society: Chapter 4
School Diversity & Differentiated Learning:
The Progressive Era
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary
• “new psychology”
• The Origin of
Species
• populism
• progressive
educational
reformers
• social efficiency
• Taylorization
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e