Transcript Slide 1

EUROSTAT METHODOLOGIES AND
PRACTICE - R&D INDICATORS FOR
MONITORING THE CREATION OF
EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA
Reni Petkova - EUROSTAT
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
 INTRODUCTION
 EU LEGAL BASE ON R&D STATISTICS
 INDICATORS FOR MEASURЕMENT
OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL
 STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D
AND GBAORD DATA COLLECTION
 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR R&D AND
GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION
 OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL
SURVEYS
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
INTRODUCTION
Making ERA a reality means:
 Realising a single labour market for researchers,
with high levels of mobility between institutions,
disciplines, sectors and countries
 Developing world-class research infrastructures,
integrated networked and accessible to research
teams from across Europe and the world through
the development of new generations of
electronic communication infrastructures
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Making ERA a reality means:
 Strengthening research institutions, engaged
in effective public-private cooperation and
partnership, forming the core of research
and innovation ‘clusters’
 Effective knowledge-sharing: open and easy
access to the public knowledge base;
knowledge transfer and cooperation
between public research and industry
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Making ERA a reality means:
 Optimising research programmes and priorities,
including the joint programming, implementation
and evaluation of public research investments at
EU level on issues that go beyond the capacities
of individual countries
 A wide opening of ERA to the world, with
special emphasis on neighbouring countries of
the EU and a strong commitment to addressing
global challenges with Europe’s partners
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Establishment and development of a
harmonised Community statistics on
Research and Development (R&D) is
very important as a evidence base for
the development of the European Research
Area and in order to enable measuring
the progress achieved towards its realisation
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Reliable and internationally comparable data
of good quality on Research and Development
for the Candidate Countries and potential
Candidate Countries is needed for:
 EU accession negotiations
 Full integration in Community research policy
 Evaluation of their progress and position, in
respect of R&D efforts, among the other EU
and non-EU countries
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LEGAL BASE
FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
HARMONSED R&D STATISTICS AT EU LEVEL
Framework legal act: Decision № 1608/2003/EC of the
EP and of the Council concerning the production and
development of Community statistics on science and
technology
Legal implementation measure:
Commission Regulation № 753/2004 implementing
Decision № 1608/2003/EC of the EP and of the Council
as regards statistics on science and technology
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TO COME IN LINE WITH EU REGULATIONS
REQUIREMENTS IS:
Obligatory for the Member States
Precondition for accession the EU of the CC
Recommendable for the potential CC
REQUIREMENTS OF CR № 753/2004 ON R&D AND
GBAORD STATISTICS
 List of R&D indicators to be compiled, their
breakdowns and measurement units (HC, FTE,
mio national currency)
 Harmonised R&D concepts, definitions and
classifications to be implemented – Frascati
manual
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 Standard classifications to be used
(the latest versions of NACE, NUTS, FOS,
NABS, ISCED etc.)
All classifications are available on Eurostat's
Metadata Server RAMON
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC
 Type of R&D indicators:
Obligatory
Optional
 Data sources in MS - sample surveys,
administrative data sources or others of
equivalent quality, or their mixtures
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 Frequency of data compilation:
Biannual (on each odd year) - vast majority
of indicators
Annual - 3 indicators
Four yearly - gender disaggregation of some
indicators
In practice annual data collection carried out
by Eurostat in June and in October covers all
data sets required, including revisions of the
time series
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 Deadlines for data transmission to
Eurostat:
Preliminary R&D results for the annual
indicators: T+10 months
Final (definitive) R&D results: T+18 months
Provisional GBAORD data: T+6 months
Final GBAORD data: T+12 months
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 Confidential data provision
 Standard transmission format for R&D
data delivery to Eurostat (xls)
 Transmission media - eDAMIS
 Quality evaluation of R&D data by MS,
Eurostat and OECD
 Pilot studies for developing new variables
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INPUT INDICATORS FOR MEASURMENT
OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL
Variables collected by Eurostat directly from
the countries
INTRAMURAL R&D EXPENDITURE (GERD)
 By sector of performance
 By source of funds and sector
of performance
 By civil / military - optional
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 By type of activity and sector of performance optional
 By type of costs and sector of performance
 By economic activity, NACE (only BES)
 By size class (only BES)
 By source of funds and size class (only BES)
 By major field of science (HES and GOV) optional
 By socio-economic objective (only GOV) optional
 By region (NUTS 2)
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R&D PERSONNEL
 By sector of performance (HC,FTE)
 By occupation, sex and sector of performance
(alternatively to qualification); (HC)
 By qualification, sex and sector of performance
(alternatively to occupation); (HC)
 By occupation and sector of performance
(alternatively to qualification); (FTE)
 By qualification and sector of performance
(alternatively to occupation); (FTE)
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R&D PERSONNEL
 By economic activity (only BES);(HC,FTE)
 By major field of science and sex
(HES and GOV); (HC);(FTE - optional)
 By region (NUTS 2) and sector of
performance; (HC,FTE)
 By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of
performance (HC) - optional
 By economic activity (NACE) and sex
(only BES); (HC)
 By size class (only BES); (FTE)
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RESEARCHERS
 By sector of performance (HC, FTE)
 By sex and sector of performance
(HC);(FTE - optional)
 By qualification, sex and sector of performance;
(HC - optional)
 By qualification and sector of performance;
(FTE - optional)
 By economic activity and sex (only BES);(HC)
 By economic activity (only BES);(FTE)
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RESEARCHERS
 By major field of science and sex
(HES and GOV); (HC); (FTE - optional)
 By region (NUTS 2) and sector of
performance; (HC, FTE)
 By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of
performance (HC, FTE - optional)
 By age groups and sex (HES and GOV);
(HC - optional)
 By citizenship and sex (HES and GOV);
(HC - optional)
 By size class (only BES); (FTE)
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GOVERNMENT BUDGET
APPROPRIATIONS OR OUTLAYS ON R&D
(GBAORD)
 GBAORD in the provisional budget
by socio-economic objectives at NABS
chapter level
 GBAORD in the final budget by socio-
economic objectives at NABS chapter
level (sub-chapter level - optional)
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STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D AND GBAORD
DATA COLLECTION
Joint OECD/Eurostat harmonised R & D questionnaire reduction of burden
Comprises 3 modules:
Common Core OECD/Eurostat module
ESTAT supplementary module
OECD supplementary module
Goes beyond the requirements of EU legal base:
includes all variables defined in CR № 753/2004
(obligatory and optional) plus some additional highly
required variables (voluntary)
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Data validation rules in place within the R&D
questionnaire
REQUESTED BY BOTH OECD (if MSTI, bold) and ESTAT
(COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004)
REQUESTED BY OECD (if MSTI bold)
REQUESTED FOR COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004
Colour Error Codes
Invalid Data
Invalid Note
Unequal Sub-Total within the sector
Unequal Total across sectors
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OECD/Eurostat harmonised R&D questionnaire
Contains around 50 Tables in two Excel workbooks
Received electronically via eDAMIS from 33 countries:
27 MS; 2 CC and 4 Others (CH, IS, NO, RU)
Annually three rounds of transmission by the
countries to Eurostat:
In June: final R&D and provisional GBAORD data
In October: preliminary R&D yearly data
In December: final GBAORD data
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Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators)
produced by Eurostat - for international
comparisons neutralizing the economic importance
of the countries (size differences)
 R&D expenditure and GBAORD as а percentage
of GDP (at national and regional level)
R&D INTENSITY IN 2006
For EU-27: 1.84 % - still below the Lisbon target
In two MS: > 3 % - SE (3.37%) FI (3.45%)
In four MS: (2 % - 3%) - DE, FR, AT, DK
In 40 EU regions at NUTS 2: > 2%
In 20 of these EU regions: > 3 %
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Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators)
produced by Eurostat
 R&D expenditure and GBAORD in Euro per
inhabitant
 GBAORD as а percentage of total general
government expenditure
 R&D personnel as а percentage of active
population (at national and regional level)
 R&D personnel as а percentage of total
employment (at national and regional level)
EU aggregates calculated by Eurostat for
EU-27, EU-15, EUA-15
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EVALUATION OF R&D DATA QUALITY
Quality Reports produced by MS cover six quality
criteria and cost/burden issue:
 Relevance
 Accuracy
 Timelines and Punctuality
 Accessibility and Clarity
 Comparability
 Coherence
 Cost and Burden
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QUALITY INDICATORS
Data availability rate; Coefficient of variance;
Coverage errors; Measurement errors; Processing
errors; Non-response (unit, item); Imputation rate;
Coherence between Preliminary and final data; Time
spent for R&D data compilation (response burden);
Cost of R&D statistics
Example for quality indicator on coherence of R&D
expenditure data originating from different sources:
Difference between GBAORD data and government financed GERD data
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GBAORD as a % of GERD funded by GOV - reference year 2005
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
100% = perfect match between GBAORD and GERD funded by GOV
20
eu27
eu15
be
bg
cz
dk
de
ee
ie
gr
es
fr
it
cy
lv
lt
lu
hu
mt
at
pl
pt
ro
si
sk
fi
se
uk
is
no
0
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R&D DATA DISSEMINATION AND PUBLICATIONS
Eurostat data base NewCronos
Validated R&D data (including revisions of the time
series) are stored into NewCronos under following
target timetable:
Provisional GBAORD data: T+10 months
Preliminary R&D data: T+11 months
Final GBAORD data: T+15 months
Final R&D data: T+21 months
Data availability for 37 countries since 1980:
(33 countries based on direct data collection
+ other sources used for CA, JP, USA, CN)
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EUROSTAT PUBLICATIONS
News release
Statistics in Focus
Pocket books
Statistical books
All R&D data and publications can be downloaded in
electronic from without charges, through the Eurostat
homepage http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
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DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS
Better measurement of R&D internationalization
Further breakdown of ‘GERD funded from abroad’ into:
Foreign business enterprise (EU/non-EU)
Other national governments (EU/non-EU)
Private non-profit organisations
Higher education
European Commission
International organisations
Others
This breakdown is aiming at better measurement of
public/private R&D source of funds and monitoring
the Barcelona target 2/3 of R&D to be financed by
private sources
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DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS
Better measurement of R&D internationalization
Inward FATS R&D expenditure and R&D personnel
EU funds for R&D
International joint research programs
Inter-government research schemes
These new indicators are needed for measurement
of: the inflow of money from EU funds devoted to R&D,
international co-operation on research and R&D activity
performed by European research organizations
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STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SUSTEM FOR
R&D AND GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION
INSTITUTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Four sectors of performance:
Business enterprise sector (BES)
Government sector (GOV)
Higher education sector (HES)
Private non-profit sector (PNP)
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Five source of funds:
Business enterprise sector (BES)
Government sector (GOV)
Higher education sector (HES)
Private non-profit sector (PNP)
Abroad
NACE rev.1.1 General Industrial Classification
of Economic Activities within the EU
NACE rev. 2 - for reference year 2009
NUTS 2006 Nomenclature of Territorial Units
for Statistics
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TYPE OF ACTIVITY
Basic research
Applied research
Experimental development
FIELDS OF SCIENCE (2007)
Natural sciences
Engineering and technology
Medical sciences
Agricultural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
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TYPE OF COSTS
Current costs
Labour costs
Other current costs
Capital expenditure
Land and buildings
Instruments and equipment
OCCUPATIONS - linked to ISCO
Researchers
Technicians
Other supporting staff
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FORMAL LEVEL OF EDUCATION
(based on ISCED)
PhD holders (ISCED 6)
Other University degrees and other
tertiary diplomas (ISCED 5A and 5B)
Other qualifications (ISCED 4 and below)
SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES (2007)
01 Exploration and exploitation of the earth
02 Environment
03 Exploration and exploitation of space
04 Transport, telecommunication and other
infrastructures
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES 2007
05 Energy
06 Industrial production and technology
07 Health
08 Agriculture
09 Education
10 Culture, recreation, religion and mass media
11 Political and social systems, structures and
processes
12 General advancement of knowledge: R&D
financed from General University Funds (GUF)
13 General advancement of knowledge: R&D
financed from other sources
14 Defence
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OTHER BREAKDOWNS
AGE CLASSES (in years):
Up to 25
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 and more
SIZE CLASSES (in employees)
0 employees; 1 to 9; 10 to 49; 50 to 249; 250 to 499;
500 and more
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CITIZENSHIP
National citizenship
Citizenship of other EU Member States
Citizenship of other European countries
Citizenship of North America
Citizenship of central and south America
Citizenship of Asia
Citizenship of Africa
Other citizenship
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OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL
SURVEYS IN 12 NEW MS AND WBC
DATA SOURCES:
Eurostat database: BG; CZ; EE; CY; LV; LI; HU;
MT; PL; RO; SI; SK; HR
Reference year: 2006
UNESCO database: FYROM; CS*
Reference year: 2005
* Data exclude Montenegro and Kosovo/UNSCR 1244. Serbia and Montenegro data
were gathered through UIS surveys conducted during or before 2006, at which
time Serbia and Montenegro was a single Member State of UNESCO are
presented as such in all graphics.
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R&D EXPENDITURE AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP,
EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
%
2.00
1.84
1.80
1.59
1.54
1.41
1.60
1.40
1.14
1.00
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.70
0.87
0.80
0.54 0.56
0.48
0.42
0.49
0.45
0.25
0.40
0.20
0.00
EU-27 BG
CZ
EE
CY
LV
LI
HU
2006
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MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
HR FYROM CS
2005
R&D EXPENDITURE BY SECTOR OF PERFORMANCE AS A PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
EU-27
BG
CZ
EE
CY
LV
LI
HU
MT
PL
RO
2006
BES
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GOV
SI
SK
HR
FYROM
2005
HES
PNP
CS
R&D EXPENDITURE BY SOURCE OF FUNDS AS A PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
BG
CZ
EE
LV
LI
HU
MT
PL
RO
SI
2006
BES
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GOV
SK
CY
EU-27 HR
2005
HES
PNP
ABROAD
R&D EXPENDITURE PPS95P PER IHABITANT,
EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
EU-27 1399.1
81.2
55
HR
SK
265
SI
28.9
56.5
RO
2006
PL
87.6
118.8
85.0
74.7
68.5
143.5
MT
HU
LI
LV
CY
EE
230.8
CZ
32.4
BG
0
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100
200
300
400
500
600
D&D EXPENDITURE PPP$ PER INHABITANT
FOR SELECTED WBC
2005
121.0
CS
18.2
2006
FYROM
121.3
HR
0
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
DISTRIBUTION OF R&D PERSONNEL (HC) BY SECTOR OF
PERFORMANCE, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
EU-27
BG
CZ
EE
LV
HU
MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
2006
BES
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GOV
LI
CY
HR FYROM CS
2005
HES
PNP
R&D PERSONNEL (HC) BY OCCUPATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL,
EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
2005
CS
FYROM
HR
CY
LI
SK
SI
RO
2006
PL
MT
HU
LV
EE
CZ
BG
EU-27
0%
20%
RESEARCHERS
2-3 October 2008 Belgrade
40%
60%
80%
TECHNICIANS+OTHER
100%
R&D PERSONNEL BY GENDER AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL,
EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
EU-27 BG CZ
EE
LV
HU
2006
FEMALE
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MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
LI
CY
HRFYROMCS
2005
MALE
RATIO FTE/HC R&D PERSONNEL IN %,
EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
%
85.9
90
80
69.6
73 72.6
69
70
60.7
54.4
60
65 67.4
60.6
51.5 52.8
52.2
46.8
50
45.6
40
30
20
10
0
EU-27
BG
CZ
EE
LV
HU
2006
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MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
LI
CY
HR FYROM
2005
%
1.8
GBAORD AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL GENERAL GOVERNMENT,
EXPENDITURE, EU-27 AND SELECTED COUNTRIES
1.62
1.54
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.26
1.2
0.97
0.82
1.0
0.89
0.74 0.76
0.73 0.74
0.72
0.8
0.47
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
EU-27 BG
CZ
EE
CY
LV
2006
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LI
MT
PL
RO
SI
SK
HU
2005