Transcript Animal Testing PPt

Medical
Cosmetic
Conclusion Bibliography
What is animal testing?
Medical research on animals is the use of
animals to test new drugs or toxic
substances that could affect or kill a
human.
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Why do people test on animals?
Tests are performed on animals to prevent or stop
serious illness that can kill or seriously injure people
in the modern society.
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Where are animals tested?
Animals are used for medical research in some
University campuses such as La Trobe, Government
organisations that specialise in the scientific aspect
animal research, non-profit organisations and of
medical facilities in hospitals that have science
departments.
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What is the history of medical
animal testing?
Animal testing for medical
research has a long and brutal
history of killing animals and
giving them painful diseases.
The first recorded animal testing
started in the 3rd and 4th BCE in
Greece when a physician
named Galen dissected pigs
and goats. In 1822 the first
animal protection law was
made and the legislation was
promoted by Charles Darwin
who is famous for linking
humans to animals through
evolution.
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What happened to the animals after the testing?
Scientists find that releasing the animals after the
testing can be dangerous so after the testing,
outcome positive or negative, the animals have to
be euthanized to prevent a new disease forming
and the chance people dying.
There are strict rules at all institutes that have
animal testing, some as simple as not taking the
animals home and some as complex as long
applications on every test that a scientist performs.
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What is the alternative?
Unfortunately there are not many alternatives to
medical animal testing. A member of the animal
ethics committee at La Trobe University made a
statement saying that “we can only hope for the
alternative in the future but at the moment there is
nothing we can do except use some quantities of
animals to spear millions of people.
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What is cosmetic animal testing?
Cosmetic animal testing is
when untested products are
put into the eyes, mouth or
nose of an animal to record the
affects. Cosmetic testing is a
very controversial topic
because people don’t think
that there is a need for it when
people are not dying from big
diseases such as malaria like
there is in third world
countries.
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Why do scientists test on
animal?
People test on animals to record
the damage to the animal’s nose,
eyes or mouth from the cosmetic.
The animals are tested on to
prevent the damage to a human if
the same substance is put on the
human. In the past people have
had untested cosmetics on their
faces or bodies and have died
from a result of the drug.
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What happens to the animals?
50 to 100 million animals such as rats,
mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, birds and
other animals are used every year in
medical and cosmetic tests. Some
untested drugs that can cause intense
emotions are injected or force fed into
animals such as rabbits or mice to
record the behaviour of the animal in
question. In some rear cases the animal
would wake up from some anaesthetic
and would get stressed enough to try
and get out of the carers grip and would
http://www.sfcaustralia.com/vivisectio
kill itself when it fell.
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What tests are used on the Animals?
Two of the most common tests are the Draize, named after
Dr John Draize, and the LD50. The Draize test is when a
substance is dropped directly into an animal eye (normally
an albino rabbit) and the results are recorded. The LD50
tests stands for Lethal Dose 50 and it is when a substance is
force fed to animals until 50% die.
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What is the history of animal testing?
Experimental testing started in the early 17oo’s
when Philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
wanted to prove that animals did not have feelings
and did not suffer. Bentham’s philosophy was that
"The question is not, can they reason? Nor, can they
talk, but, can they suffer? “
When cosmetic animal testing was most common;
the ratio of an animal surviving the tests were 1 in a
thousand.
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Why are substances tested on animals?
The first cosmetic testing started in 1933 when a
woman used eyelash darkener and the chemicals
burnt at her eyes causing blindness and eventually
killed her.
In 1938 the first cosmetic animal testing started to
stop civilian deaths from some substances. Now
drugs, cosmetics and even foods are tested on
animals to prevent the deaths of other humans and
even animals.
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Where does Cosmetic testing take place?
Cosmetic testing usually takes place in a
company’s science lab or away labs paid for
by big companies who don’t have the
facilities.
Many companies such as Gillette, Johnson
and Johnson, Colgate and Palmolive are
notorious for using animals when testing
their substances.
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What conditions are the animals kept in?
The animals are treated much better now than then
in past times in history. A member of the La Trobe
animal ethics committee made a statement saying
that “The animals that are tested in the labs are
treated better than the common domestic animal”.
He stated that the rabbits are kept in cages and are
always monitored for pain or anything needed.
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What Brands don’t use animals for
testing?
As time has gone on big brands
have turned to other ways of
testing. One of the biggest brands
that don’t use animals for testing is
the ‘Body Shop’ who are an
international brand famous for
great moisturisers and sprays.
Logo for no animals tested
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What is the Alternative?
Cosmetic testings alternative is mainly to stop
because it does not have a vital need but even with
mass amounts of protesters all over the world,
there are still many cosmetic brands that use
animals for their main tests. One of the main
reasons in why companies don’t use animal testing
is because it costs a lot for cosmetics to be tested
without animals.
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Animal Testing - Is there still a need?
At the moment; animal testing still has its need
but technology is becoming more common in
medical research. Using copied skin cells;
cosmetic drugs and other substances that can
be lethal to humans are tested on the skin cells.
As more technology and other new ways of
testing substances are made there will be less
and less use of animals for testing.
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Information (for PowerPoint)
http://www.allforanimals.com/history.html
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070513182551AAWrLle
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_is_animal_testing_done
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing
http://www.peta.org
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Chris Adde, on the council of the animal ethics committee.
Images (for PowerPoint)
http://thirtyby30.com/?p=106
http://ecofeminista.wordpress.com/tag/animal-rights/
http://bonzaiaphrodite.com/2009/07/chemicals-in-cosmetics-what-you-need-toknow/
http://jconciatore.writersresidence.com/samples/draize-skin-test-good-riddancealmost
http://www.biofirst.nsw.gov.au/
http://www.beautyfool.net/which-beauty-brands-companies-do-not-test-on-animals/