Transcript Production of Textile Materials from Bagasse Paper

University of Mauritius
Faculty of Engineering
Production of Textile Materials
from Bagasse Paper
MPhil / PhD
J. Chummun
([email protected])
The aim of this project is to manufacture
textiles from bagasse paper.
Objectives
• Investigate the parameters that influence paper-yarns;
• Establish the relationship between bagasse-paper
properties such as grammage, thickness, strip width,
tensile properties and that of the properties of the
paper-yarn;
• Investigate into the possibility of manufacturing paperyarns from bagasse paper;
• Manufacture the appropriate structure from bagasse
paper-yarns.
Manufacture of textiles from bagasse paper:
The Process:
1. Slitting of paper into narrow strips;
2. Folding of strip;
3. Twisting the folded paper into yarn.
4. Treated / Untreated yarns converted into textiles.
Dimensions of bagasse fibre and its derived values
showing its closeness to that of softwood and hardwood.
Properties of bagasse paper and its suitability for
newsprint.
Papers manufactured from softwoods, hardwoods as well as newsprints
have been used in the manufacture of paper-yarns. This may seem to
suggest that bagasse paper could easily be twisted into yarn; and no great
difficulty should be met during the process.
Twisting of dry paper-ribbon
Difficulties arise when paper ribbon are twisted in the dry state.
Moreover, depending on the width, the ribbon tends to assume a
‘wrapped ribbon’ shape.
Paper Yarns
Paper strip should therefore be
moistened
then
folded
in
the
condenser and finally twisted and
wound on a cone.
Paper Yarn
Paper Yarn with 2.7 tpi. The 44.8 gsm paper was manufactured
from unbleached softwood pulp.
Twist Contraction of Paper Yarns
Length of paper in yarn
Twist contraction 
Length of yarn
Twist Contraction of Paper Yarns
1.30
To spin a yarn of a particular
44.8 gsm
twist value using a heavier
57.0 gsm
1.25
Twist -contraction
74.5 gsm
y = 0.05x + 1.00
R2 = 0.70
paper, a longer ribbon will be
1.20
required.
y = 0.04x + 1.00
R2 = 0.88
1.15
Thicker paper is less flexible
1.10
y = 0.03x + 1.00
R2 = 0.47
and
therefore
assume
1.05
while
1.00
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Twist per inch
4.0
5.0
6.0
a
tends
larger
being
to
diameter
twisted
and
therefore a longer path along
the axis of the yarn.
Comparison of paper strength to yarn strength
44.8gsm
57.0gsm
74.5gsm
Breaking Load of
74.5gsm paper
130.0
Breaking Load (N)
120.0
110.0
Breaking Load of
54.0gsm paper
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
Breaking Load of 44.8gsm paper
60.0
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
tpi
The strength tends to increase with increasing twist per
init length until it reaches a maximum value and then fall
as the number of twists increases.
Behaviour of paper yarns under load
90
80
70
Load (N)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Strain (%)
Paper (44.8 gsm)
Yarn 2.8 tpi
Yarn 3.1 tpi (Gear 37)
Yarn 3.1 tpi (Gear 36)
Yarn 3.7 tpi
Yarn of 4.4 tpi
The extensions in the yarns seem to be similar at low loads. As the
value of the load increases, the yarns with higher twists tend to
have larger extensions.
Behaviour of paper yarns under load
When subjected to load along its axis, the yarn tends to unbend,
while the twist angle (or helical angle) increases until the whole
structure is jammed.
Failure of paper yarns
SEM pictures to show the broken ends of paper-yarns
Failure of paper yarns
It is possible that failure of a few fibres occurs in the region of
highest load and subsequently neighbouring individual fibres will
either break or their inter-fibre bond will be broken (Page, 1994). In
this case, the breaking would be similar to tearing.
Strength of Paper-yarn
The strength of paper-yarn depends on:





strength;
grammage;
thickness of the paper it is made from;
width of the paper-ribbon used;
number of twists imparted to it.
Strength of Paper-yarn
The specific strength of paper-yarns tends to
be higher at lower twist-contraction values.
Further Work
The relationship between the strength of
paper strips of different widths and specific
mass and that of the yarns ‘spun’ from them
will be further investigated. The manufacture
of ‘paper-cords’ from heavier paper will also
be investigated.
Further Work
It is envisaged to study the effects of a range
of physical processing parameters and the
incorporation of ‘safe’ additives into the
bagasse paper with a view to assess key
properties such as dry and wet strength,
water
penetration,
air
permeability,
flammability, colouration, filtration, etc.
Further Work
Textile structures will be produced using the
weaving, knitting and/or braiding processes.
Their potential applications will be
investigated.
Expected Benefits
 Could increase the income from bagasse by 500%;
 Opportunity for SME & craft market to manufacture
‘green’ bagasse products ;
 With some creativity, local artisanal products may be
made for the growing tourist industry;
 Locally available raw material that is renewable and
environmentally-friendly.
Acknowledgement
 University of Mauritius;
 ACU;
 University of Manchester (UoMan.);
 Supervisors: Dr Rosunee (UoM); Prof Carr (UoMan.);
 Dr Sampson; Dr I’Anson; Prof. Porat (UoMan.);