Transcript Plussz abrak a vedeshez

UTILIZATION OF
BIODIVERSITY IN
HORTICULTURAL PLANTS
Máthé Ákos, D.Sc.
Main areas of
research
1/ Introduction/domestication of
medicinal plants, as an indirect
method of ex situ preservation of
the genetic resources of medicinal
plants,
2/ Flowering phenological studies
on woody fruit crops, as a tool
for the characterization of
biodiversity of fruit crops,
3/ In vitro micropropagation of
horticultural species and cultivars,
as a biotechnological tool in both
plant propagation and ex situ
preservation.
Principles in the study of the
biodiversity of medicinal and
aromatic plants
Environment
Physical
Productivity
Phenological
Variance
Dry matter
Production
Vegetative
Organs
Generative
Organs
Active substance
accumulation
Total
quantity
Biological
Environment
Composition
Geographical
Differentiation
Genetic
Total Active Principle
Production
Variance
Distribution of Adonis vernalis L.
and Convallaria majalis L.
populations in Hungary
Variations in the glycoside
composition of Hungarian
Convallaria majalis L.
populations
Total glycosides (%)
Population
Index of Flowering
used in the phenological
investigations
III
-
I
Index V =
I + II + III
I=
II =
III =
Cultivars used in the
flowering phenological
studies
List of cultivars used in the flowering phenological studies
Növényfaj
Fajta
A kisérlet
helye és éve
Alma
(Malus domestica L.)
'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith', 'Duncan Red Delicious', 'Mutsu', 'Red Winesap',
'Redspur Delicious', 'Watson Jonathan`.
Pallag, Tamási,Gut,
1988 és 1990
Körte
(Pyrus communis L.)
'Beurre d'Anjou', 'Beurre Durondeau', 'Bosc kobak', 'Bosc Typ. B', Clapp kedveltje,
'Conference', 'General Leclerck', 'Guyot Gyula', 'Nemes Krasszán', 'Packham's
Triumph', 'Vilmos 8.13.', 'Vilmos Körte', 'Williams Bon Chretien', 'Társulati
esperes'
'Bigarreau Reverchon', 'Chinook', 'Germersdorfi', 'Lambert', 'Sam', 'Tardif de
Vignola', 'Van', 'Venus', 'Victor'
'Pándy meggy-10-1', 'Pándy meggy-13-1', 'Pándy meggy-48', 'Pándy meggy-279',
'Cigány-meggy-3', 'Cigány-meggy-7', 'Cigány-meggy-215', 'Cigány-meggy-1317',
'Paraszt meggy'.
Nagykanizsa,
1984 - 1990
Kajszibarck
(Prunus armeniaca L.)
'Alfred', 'Bergeron', 'Bleuril', 'Cafona', 'Canino', 'Castleton', 'Chinese', 'Early Devinty',
'Farmingdale', 'Perfection', 'Polonais', 'Rouge de Roussilon', 'Rouge de Fournes',
'Royal', 'Screara', 'Stella', 'Sun Glo', 'Viceroy'.
Balatonfőkajár,
Enying,
1984 - 1986
Őszibarack
(Prunus persica L.)
- Friss fogyasztásra termelt fajták: 'Early Redhaven', 'Redhaven', 'Springold',
'Springtime', 'Springcrest', 'Robin', 'Redwing', 'Redtop', 'Michelini'.
- Konzervipari fajták: 'Babygold 5', 'Babygold 6', 'Babygold 7', 'Loadel', 'Sudanell',
'Shasta', ' Vesuvio'.
- "Nektarin"-fajták: 'Flavortop', 'Red June', 'Redchief', 'La Fayette', 'Pocahontas',
'Stark Sunglow', 'Nectared 4', 'Nectared 6', 'Independence', 'Nectaheart', 'Silver
Lode', 'Nectarose', Fuzador', 'Fantasia', Morton'.
Balatonújhely,
1982 - 1984
Európai Szilvák
(Prunus domestica L.)
'Besztercei Bt. 2', 'Bluefre', 'Cacanska Najbolja', 'Cambridge Gage', 'Czar',
'Debreceni Muskotály', 'Early Besztercei', 'Early Italian', 'Early Laxton', 'Italian
prune', 'Krikon', 'Ontario', 'Pozegaca', 'President', 'Prune d'Agen', 'Reine Claude de
Bavay', 'Stanley', 'Richards Early Italian', 'Ruth Gerstetter', 'Tuleu Timpuriu',
'Victoria'
Siófok,
1982 - 1985,
Csány,
1984 - 1986
Kinai és Japán Szilvák
(Prunus salicina Lindl.)
'Burbank', 'Duarte', 'Elephant', 'Methley', 'Santa Rosa', 'Shiro'.
Siófok,
1982 - 1986
Paprika
(Capsicum annuum L.)
Kamilla
(Chamomilla recutita
Rausch.)
'Hatvani hajtató', 'California wonder', 'Soroksári hajtató'
Budapest,
1987
Weihenstephan,
(NSZK),
1979
Cseresznye
(Prunus avium L.)
Meggy
(Prunus cerasus L.)
'BK-2', 'H-29'
Érd, 1972-1973,
Enying, 1987
Érd, 1972-1973
Balatonújhely,
1989
Flowering sequence of plum
cultivars (1982 - 1985)
Cultivar
1982 1983 1984 1985 4 years
Final
mean Sequence
CV
%
Ontario
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
Grower’s
Late
Victoria
4
2
3
2
3
2
30.1
President
3
3
2
3
3
2
15.7
Bluefre
2
4
5
4
4
3
29.0
Early Italian
7
7
4
5
6
4
22.5
Richard’s
Early
Italian
5
5
7
6
6
4
14.4
Italian Blue
6
6
6
7
6
4
6.9
Stanley
8
8
9
8
8
5
5.2
Besztercei Bt.
2
9
9
8
9
9
6
4.9
Effect of light intensity and day
length on the course of flowering
in Capsicum annuum L.
cultivars
Main applications of
the Flowering Index
1. Characterization of the course of flowering of
species and cultivars,
2. Comparison of the flowering of plant
individuals, populations, species, cultivars, etc.
= Identification of simultaneously flowering
cultivars to be used as pollen donor cultivars,
= To facilitate agricultural plant protection
activity at the period of flowering,
= Data are suitable to be included in the databanks of plant collections, gene banks, etc.
= Application in production biological studies
to characterize the phenophase of flowering,
etc.
In vitro micropropagation
as a means of biodiversity
utilization
Species and cultivars of the in vitro experiments:
Apple (Malus domestica L.) cv. Granny Smith, cv. Julyred, cv. Mutsu,
cv. Spur Golden Delicious
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
Diploid cultivars, cv. Baladi, cv. Chilean black, cv. Crimson Sweet, cv.
Szigetcsépi. Triploid cultivar: cv. Erwyn
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L. ) cv. Mitcham
Some observations obtained in
the in vitro studies with Malus
domestica L. cultivars
1. Study of the in vitro morphogenesis of cultivars
implies the study of the true diversity’ of cultivars
2. Shoot proliferation: differences among cultivars
could be detected in the course of the entire in vitro
morfogenesis,
3. Surface sterilization: HgCl2 has proved to be most
efficient at a rate of 0,5 %, with four cultivars,
4. Efficient elimination of the browning of the nutrient
medium by
= passages.
= dark-treatment,
= hormone-free medium,
= activated charcoal (AC).
In vitro shoot
proliferation of apple
Shoot length
(cm)
Shoot length
Shoot
number
Shoot length
Shoot number (pieces)
Effect of growth regulators on
the in vitro proliferation of apple
cultivars
Shoot growth during long term
in vitro storage of apple
(Malus domestica L.)
Shoot length
(cm)
Subcultures
Note: mean values from the subculture No. 5.
Induction of Adventitous
Root Formation in Apple
Solid medium:
– cv. Julyred (ca. 90 %):
1/2 MS + 1 mg/L BA + 0,1 mg/l
BA + 2 g/l AC,
– cv. Mutsu (86 %)
1/2 MS + 2 mg/L IVS,
– cv. Spur Golden Delicious (15
%):
1/2 MS + 1 mg/L IVS,
– cv. Granny Smith (ca. 0 %)
Proliferation capacity of
triploid watermelon
(Citrullus lanatus cv. Erwyn)
Shoot number (db)
25
20
15
10
5 mg/L BA
5
2.5 mg/L BA
0
1 mg/L BA
+NES
-NES
Small
explant.
Kis explant.
+NES
-NES
Nagy
Largeexplant.
explant.
Effect of exogenous growth regulators on the
in vitro shoot proliferation of Mentha piperita
L. cv. Mitcham
Medium
New shoot/
explant.
Shoot length/
explant.
1.
Control = MS
2.83 ± 0.22
3.4 ± 0.17
2.
MS + 0.1 BA + 0.1 IBA
2.90 ± 0.24
4.7 ± 0.29
3.
MS + 0.1 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC
1.60 ± 0.15
5.6 ± 0.26
4.
MS + 0.1 BA + 0.5 IBA
3.10 ± 0.22
5.3 ± 0.24
5.
MS + 0.1 BA + 0.5 IBA + 1 g/l AC
1.90 ± 0.18
4.0 ± 0.25
6.
MS + 0.5 BA + 0.1 IBA
8.56 ± 0.64
6.1 ± 0.32
7.
MS + 0.5 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC
2.43 ± 0.28
3.9 ± 0.18
8.
MS + 1.0 BA + 0.1 IBA
12.8 ± 0.87
6.8 ± 0.53
9.
MS + 1.0 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC
1.93 ± 0.22
4.6 ± 0.28
10. MS + 1.0 BA + 0.5 IBA
4.97 ± 0.74
3.2 ± 0.22
11. MS + 1 BA + 0.5 IBA + 1 g/l AC
1.56 ± 0.12
6.3 ± 0.29
12. MS + 1.0 BA + 1.0 IBA
6.63 ± 0.71
5.5 ± 0.55
13. MS + 1.0 BA + 1.0 IBA + 1 g/l AC
1.56 ± 0.14
4.5 ± 0.41
Biodiversity is the
basis for the
environmental health
of our Planet
and the source of
economic and
food security for
future generations
Mr. Edouard Saouma
Director General of FAO
Home