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QTL and QTL allele validation in peach Ksenija Gasic 25 July 2013 ASHS Palm Desert, CA Outline of Presentation Choosing the trait and QTL QTL validation – G4Mat maturity QTL allele validation – G4Mat maturity Choosing the trait and QTL Choosing the trait and QTL - 4 breeding programs - Fresh market and processing peach Choosing the trait and QTL - SE results for fresh market peaches Fruit size Fruit shape 23.3% Fruit skin color Fruit flavor 40% Fruit firmness Sweetness/soluble solids 6.7% Disease resistance Productivity 6.7% Production consistency Other fruit quality attribute 3.3% 10% 10% Some of the known loci in the Prunus genome G1 G2 Sugars Mi G3 Flwg date G4 G5 Ripe date G6 D Xap Acidity Ripe date Sugars Sugars Skin blush D Xap Y Skin blush sharka Bruising Mealiness Pcp Fc Acidity Xap Flwg date Ripe date Sugars Lb Xap Sc Gr Sk G Sf E Sugars Acidity Acidity Br Dl F-M Mealiness Bleeding Peach, Nectarine Flwg date Flwg date S Sugars B Xap Ripe date Sugars Evg G8 Nl Fruit size Acidity Ripe Dw date Ma Sugars Ps Skin blush Browning Ag Pi Flwg date Cs Bruising Ripe date Mealiness G7 Bruising Almond Si Apricot QTL Validation - confirming the G4Mat QTL really exists in peach breeding germplasm Peach Material • ~980 individuals (cultivars, ancestors, founders, breeding lines, selections, and seedlings McIntosh Melba W illiams LivelRasp F_Spartan Jolana Spartan PRI14-126 Starr OR38T610 Delicious KidsOrRed NJ53 F_W illiams PRI14-226 PRI14-644 Cox Sonora Gala PRI612-1 F1_9433-2-2 RomBeauty NJ8 W inesap GoldenDel NJ24 NJ67634 F1_9433-2-8 F_Ill_#2 Mflor821 P21R4A30 F2_26829-2-2 Jonathan NY65707-19 Keepsake Ill_#2 F_P21R4A30 M_MN1764 Prima NJ123249 Frostbite F_Honeycrisp NJ27 NJ110037 NorthSpy Melrose Honeycrisp Sonya JerseyBla PRI668-100 Julyred Macoun F_Gingergold sibLiberty NY752 PRI54-12 F_JamesGr Liberty W ealthy Jerseymac MN1691 GingerGold NY913 F_IngMarie Jam esGr Tetofsky NJ130o F_Delfloki NJ37848 Florina PRI47-147 YelTransp IngMarie NJ117637 Longfield NJ88 NJ31 DuchOlden PRI610-2 Raritan NJ12 Monroe Rubin F_PattenGr Mantet Edgewood W orcPearm RallsJan Mavis BenDavis Elstar Vanda PRI1661-1 PRI855-102 Oriole Sharon NY88 Nicola StateFair Chinook W SU2 Fireside PattenGr Gravenstein F_Goodland Close M_MolliesDel PRI643-11 NJ14 PRI1661-2 NY241 PRI1018-101 PacQueen Goodland PacRose AurGoldGa NJ440249 Jongrimes W agener NJ19237 Zestar BC-8S-27-2 Crandall M2439 Coop-17 BC-8S-31-56 Redfree NJ35437 BC-SPA493 FrancRus LadyW ill CrownPR PCFW 2-134 Lambourne P7R25A27 NJ136055 BlushiGol Clivia F_Undine Splendour Indo NJ15 Suncrisp PRI669-205 Braeburn PRI2482-100 Grifer NJ303955 Malinda Ambrosia Glockenapfel Zari Cameo MolliesDel DrOldenbu Fuji Bellida PRI1235-100 F_Helios Enterprise NJ35934 XIIA277 Civni • Genotyped genome-wide with SNP markers F_EdGoulGol F_NJ15 F_Sandow KAZ95-17-14 Ecolette Cortland A28/39 Coop-15 NJ109 Lundbytrop Milwa F_MolliesDel KAZ95-18-07 A849-5 PRI1469-100 BeautBath Delcorf Kanzi VKrakers KAZ96-05-04 Idared Nicoter Rubinola Goldrush NZ_RGxBB Ariane Pilot BelHerm Maigold Priscilla LaFlam PRI2059-101 Akane Rubinstep Pinova F_Brina Nevson Sundowner Scarlet CrippsPink Senshu Sansa Rucla Coop-10 NJ381049 Delblush StarkEarl Scifresh Undine PitmPine Linda X4598 Delfloki Scilate Orin Topaz MN1764 Shizuka W SU24 X3174 Toko AnanasRei MN1702 W SU37 Camuzat F_MN1764 AutGold BaumanRei BernRos GMAL4591 Haralson W SU17 Monark Telam on GMAL4593 W SU36 M_Sunrise Boskoop Delorina Honeygold GMAL4595 BrixPlatt Calamari Calvilla PCF-3-120 Hatsuaki Sunrise CIVG198 Jonagold CrimsSnow M_NY632 Croncels Gloster W SU38 Jonafree Pop_BBxPR Arlet Dalitron Ped-PinxCam NY632 DallaRosa PRI69-52 ShinGold 4-27-0019 • Phenotyped in 2010-12 for fruit quality and other high-impact traits Pop_GaxC15 EarlyGold Alkmene Fiesta W SU34 Edelb 5-87-0019 Helios Fiamma 52-05-26 Apollo 5-90-0019 Empire GelEdel Gewurz Zonga Pop_HCxCP Akagi Ped-HCxPit(692) Hampshire EdGoulGol HarbRei PRI1956-6 Limoncini Ped-SonxNY241 25-120-9928 Freedom 6-73-0019 Piros Ped_HCx1764 MN1914 Santana Fortune Sandow MPop_HCx1702 4A-100-0013 Magre SchonNord Shinsekai MN1628 MPop_HCxMon Ped-HCxZest 4A-38-0013 GranSmith Napoleone Silken Delgollune GoldenOr Dolgo Summerfree Ped-GoldrxNY913 Ontario PermainDor RedFiled Angold RenCanada Ariwa Merlijn Pristine Pop_AurxHC NY75414-1 Sabina Tunda RenChamp CrimsCrisp Discovery W SU46 Robusta5 W SU35 Belgica W SU22 RosBian Rafzubin B_TxBB 4-159-9926 RosdiCal GoldPink RosDop Nicogreen Pop_ArlxCP Brina Ped_HCxJonf W SU30 RotStett SanLugano Pop_GDxSc Sila Creston Stayman Delearly N_PxF Delcoros E_FxGD Snowsweet NJ90 E_FxGlo TavBian Ligol Kerr TirSpitz Dalinette W eisW int Murray Saturn Galmac Crop Reference Sets • 478 individuals (cultivars, ancestors, founders, breeding lines, selections, and seedlings) Peach related: P. davidiana, P. mira Almond related: P. argentea, P. scoparia 33 72 9% 5% 20 4% 88 18% 27 5% 352 82% 362 75% Peach Almond Seedlings Peach related Almond related Advanced selections/germplasm Cultivars G4Mat – Maturity Date TX 56% PVE (phenotypic variance explained) SC 64% PVE AR 77% PVE CA 73% PVE QTL Allele Validation - detecting and valuing G4Mat alleles in peach breeding germplasm G4Mat – Maturity Date APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP • 4 SNPs 8 haplotypes distinguished • Labeled VE (very early), E, M, L, VL1, VL2, XL, alm • 36 possible genotypes (allelic combinations) • Uneven allele distribution in populations... G4Mat – Maturity Date 40 days! AR Pop1 x 182 200 207 222 ±6 ±6 ±7 ±8 G4Mat – Maturity Date SC Pop0823 TX Pop3 CA Pop8-3 164 192 194 210 ±0 ±5 ±4 ±5 140 150 152 191 ±2 ±8 ±9 ±7 192 211 212 233 ±11 ±7 ±5 ±5 G4Mat – Maturity Date TX All Locations SC VE E M L AR VL1 VL2 XL alm CA Other Jewels for Peach Some Jewels To Tell You About - D – acidity - G – fruit type (p/n) - Y – flesh color - F-M flesh texture & adhesion APR - G4Mat – maturity date - G4Mat – SSC - G3Bl – blush - G1Xap & G6Xap - bacterial spot resistance MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Loci of interest on Prunus genome G1 G2 Sugars Mi G3 Flwg date G4 G5 Ripe date G6 D Xap Acidity Ripe date Sugars Sugars Skin blush D Xap Y Skin blush sharka Bruising Mealiness Pcp Fc Acidity Xap Flwg date Ripe date Sugars Lb Xap Sc Gr Sk G Sf E Sugars Acidity Acidity Br Dl F-M Mealiness Bleeding Peach, Nectarine Flwg date Flwg date S Sugars B Xap Ripe date Sugars Evg G8 Nl Fruit size Acidity Ripe Dw date Ma Sugars Ps Skin blush Browning Ag Pi Flwg date Cs Bruising Ripe date Mealiness G7 Bruising Almond Si Apricot G4Mat – SSC oBrix 13.8 14.4 AR Pop1 13.9 16.4 11.9 10.6 22% PVE TX all pops 11.3 14.0 15% PVE AR=38%, CA=21%, SC=28% APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP G4Mat VE-BBBA Arrington, Bradley, CAF2, Hesse, Westbrook, A672, Saturn, Tropic Beauty, Yumyeong, Zin Dai E-ABBB A672, Saturn, Tropic Beauty M-ABBA Elberta, JHHale, O'Henry, Dr Davis, Halford, White County, Winblo L-BBAA Bolinha, A773 VL1-AAAA White County VL2-AAAB Chinese Cling, Elberta, JHHale, O'Henry, 40A17, Peento, Vilmos, Yumyeong, Zin Dai XL-BAAB Winblo alm-BBBB all almonds, 2000,2-8, persicaxdavidiana Red color in apple, cherry and peach Apple L9 Cherry G3 Peach G3 Cs locus MYB1/10 Fruit skin & flesh color MYB1/10 Fruit skin & flesh color (red color around stone) & QTL for flesh bleeding MYB1/10 Fruit skin color Allele distribution for G3Bl 250 RosBREED CRS Frequency 200 blbl 27% 150 Blbl 19% 100 blbl 50 Blbl BlBl 0 SC AR CA Breeding Program TX BlBl 54% CAPS markers for G3Bl A BlBl B Blbl blbl Fruit texture type Peach fruit texture type Tables of functional genotypes (www.rosbreed.org/ breeding/jewel-use) Example here is for peach fruit texture type Springold, Lovell, LateCrawford e f O’Henry, Blazeprince, Flordaprince, SU c RE R JH Hale, Mayfire, RioOsoGem Resistance Moderate m b/d al Contender, Elberta, Early Crawford, Georgia Belle, Loring, Redhaven, Tropic Beauty, Winblo Susceptibility ? a M UFGold, Candor, Bailey, Arrington M alm M alm Almond Chinese cling Yang et al. 2012 TGG ? R R SU RE Clayton, Westbrook, WhiteCounty, WhiteRiver, SU RE • G1XapF & G6XapF Bacterial spot resistance Allele distribution for G1XapF 400 CRS 350 1% 300 6% 3% 13% SU|SU SU|RE 14% 250 SU|R SU|M 200 24% 3% SU|? RE|RE 150 RE|R RE|M 100 24% RE|alm 12% 50 0 AR CA SC TX SU|SU SU|RE SU|R SU|M SU|? RE|RE RE|R RE|M RE|alm M|RE M|R M|M M|alm R|R M|RE Allele distribution for G6XapF 400 350 CRS 3% 1% 300 7% 250 15% 200 1% 150 44% 5% 100 24% 50 0 AR CA SC TX SU|SU SU|RE SU|R SU|M SU|? RE|RE RE|R RE|M RE|alm M|RE M|R M|M M|alm R|R SU|SU SU|RE SU|R SU|M SU|? RE|RE RE|R RE|M RE|alm M|RE M|R M|M M|alm Acknowledgements This project is supported by the Specialty Crop Research Initiative of USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture MSU Amy Iezzoni (PD) Jim Hancock Dechun Wang Cholani Weebadde Univ. of Arkansas John Clark WSU Cameron Peace Dorrie Main Kate Evans Univ. of Minnesota Karina Gallardo Jim Luby Vicki McCracken Chengyan Yue Nnadozie Oraguzie Former WSU Oregon State Univ. Raymond Jussaume Alexandra Stone Mykel Taylor Cornell Susan Brown Kenong Xu Clemson Ksenija Gasic Gregory Reighard Texas A&M Dave Byrne USDA-ARS Nahla Bassil Gennaro Fazio Univ. of CA-Davis Chad Finn Tom Gradziel Carlos Crisosto Plant Research Intl, Netherlands Univ. of New Hamp. Eric van de Weg Tom Davis Marco Bink