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WAPP Emergency Power Supply Security Plan
39
th
UPDEA General Assembly Tangier, Morocco: October 30
th
, 2007 Presented by Engr. Amadou DIALLO Secretary General, WAPP
Presentation Outline
Background Status of Power Supply in ECOWAS Conclusions of Study Recommendations of Study Next Steps - 2 -
Background
Scope of Study: Analyse electricity demand & supply balance in each state Review & comment on emergency plans and infrastructure Recommend Emergency Power Supply Plan for Member States (Emphasis on regional solutions) Identify the required additional generating capacities and sites Propose the following: Strategy, Implementation framework, Financing, and Roles of participants - 3 -
Status of Power Supply in ECOWAS
1
:
Supply Sources 1
Half of the member states depend on Thermal sources for the majority of their supply.
Three (3) states depend on Hydro sources for majority of their supply.
Four (4) states depend on imports for majority of their supply.
Actual Hydro Actual Thermal Import + Others - 4 -
Status of Power Supply in ECOWAS
2
:
Supply Sources 2
Thermal Import + Others 5% 64% Hydro 31% GWh
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 -
Benin
Thermal Import + Others Hydro
e d 'Ivo ire Ga mb ia Ghana Gu ine Gu a ine a B iss au
- 5 -
Liberia Mali Nigeria Senegal Sie rra Le one Togo
Status of Power Supply in ECOWAS
3
:
Demand-Supply Balance
GWh Met 54% Unmet 46%
50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 Met Unmet
38,370
10,000 -
661 688 3,004
B en B in ur ki na F aso C ot e d' Ivo ire G am bi a
170
G ha
7,773
na
860 16
G ui ne G ui a ne a B issa u - 6 Li be ria
16
M al i
841 1,800
N ig er ia S en eg S al ie rra L eo ne
56
To go
674
Status of Power Supply in ECOWAS
4
:
Causes of Shortages
Technical Causes Obsolete & unreliable equipment; Inadequate maintenance; Operations inefficiencies; Insufficient Capacity; and, Non-availability of primary energy sources.
Financial Factors Low user tariffs; Low collection rates; and, Inadequate financial standing of utilities.
Institutional Issues Planning & implementation responsibility; Bureaucracy in decision-making; Sensitivity of tariffs to low income/wage levels; and, volatile petroleum prices limiting fuel purchases.
- 7 -
Initiatives based on Indigenous Resources
Key National Initiatives
Hydro Bumbuna Mount Coffee Bui Buyo Coal Nigeria Petroleum Natural Gas (Nigeria, Ghana, Togo & Benin) Liquids (All Member States)
Initiatives of Regional Significance
Hydro Guinea (Kaleta, Souapiti & Amaria) Liberia (Mano & St Paul River) Mali (Felou & Gouina) Kainji & Jebba Rehab. Nigeria (Mambilla) Coal Nigeria Petroleum Natural Gas (Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire & OMVS) Liquids (Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire) - 8 -
Criteria for Viable Regional Options
Economic Consideration: A viable sub-regional supply option must be economically cost competitive (lower cost) when compared with local alternatives Plant size: Capacity must exceed 100MW to have relevant export potential Lead time: Implementation must preferably be less than 24 months Compatibility with medium & long-term strategy Proposal must be consistent with the future needs of the sub region and use stable sources of fuel.
- 9 -
Criteria for Optimum Location of Facilities
Fuel Source Proximity to indigenous fuel sources, or Availability of adequate and stable fuel supply Site Access and Facilities Road access for transportation of heavy plant and equipment Access to industrial infrastructure needed for plant operation Interconnection opportunities for evacuation Proximity to load centers to reduce power transmission losses Availability of interconnection for export to neighboring states Cooling water requirements Easy access to bodies of water suitable for plant cooling needs - 10 -
Conclusions
1 Generation needs of the sub-region are: Plants to produce Least Cost Power when operated at base load to address power shortage situation of member states Plants to serve as Reserve under normal conditions to ensure network reliability & security of supply.
Plants to allow adequate Frequency Control/Regulation for the successful synchronization of the networks in WAPP Sub-regional generation projects that complement ongoing national initiatives are the best option for member states with significant interconnections.
- 11 -
Conclusions
2 The order of merit for least-cost generation are: Coal-fired Steam Turbine Plants; where coal is available Natural gas-fired Combined Cycle plants; if gas is available.
Steam or Diesel plant fired with Heavy Fuel Oil Possible locations for sub-regional plants are: Alagbado in Lagos, Nigeria Maria Gleta in Benin.
Lome in Togo Tema in Ghana Aboadze in Ghana Abidjan (Vridi) in Cote d’Ivoire OMVS System - 12 -
Conclusions
3 Until power links are built to connect the 5 isolated member states, regional approach cannot be adopted. Only national initiatives can mitigate power shortages.
The rehabilitation of existing hydro plants for which large portions of capital costs are already sunk, such as Kainji and Jebba in Nigeria, and Mount Coffee in Liberia which has been vandalized, could bring into service the production capacity that has otherwise been unavailable at relatively low incremental cost.
The completion of the ongoing Bumbuna HEP would also bring into use a source of production that had hitherto not been available.
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Recommendations
Build 3 plants at locations with access to natural gas.
400MW combined cycle plant at Maria Gleta in Benin.
400 MW combined cycle plant at Aboadze in Ghana.
150 MW combined cycle plant within OMVS.
Expedite implementation of the WAPP Priority Projects to upscale interconnectivity.
In interim, deploy steam or diesel capacity running on heavy fuel oil for non-interconnected states.
Accelerate completion of the rehabilitation of Kainji, Jebba and Mt. Coffee dams, and completion of the Bumbuna dam.
- 14 -
Rationale and Benefits
Economy-wide Benefits : Poverty Reduction, Economic growth& Development Direct Cost Savings : Reduced cost of production for un-connected States from the recommended local alternatives.
Regional options provide least cost of supply. Vital Ancillary Service to WAPP System : Plants to provide Secondary Reserve Margin.
Plants support network frequency control Consistency with Objectives of Stakeholders : Governments, Utilities, Development Partners and Regional Bodies .
- 15 -
Next Steps of Plan -1-
Submit Plan to WAPP and ECOWAS authorities for adoption Implement Near-term Mitigation Actions Support where possible, initiatives already being pursued by individual Member States Deploy in the interim, whilst the other more optimal actions are being pursued, mobile generating capacity running on suitable fuels for the non-interconnected states and for other member states with acute shortages.
Implement Optimum Strategic Actions Implement regional power plants. Could be through the creation of SPCs under the framework of Public Private Partnerships.
Implement pre-investment studies for remaining WAPP Priority Interconnection Projects - 16 -