Transcript Community research tools Stepping Out..

Community Research Tools
Stepping Out..
Thuy Bui, MD
January 26, 2012
Why community?
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Social accountability of medical schools/academic health
centers
Physicians’ public roles
Social determinants of health
Health disparities research
Translational research
Implementation science
Health services research
What are some of the approaches and tools
that we use?
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Community based participatory research (PAR)
Community needs assessment
Implementation, feasibility study, quality improvement
Project/program development and evaluation
Evaluation of health education and promotion initiatives
Literature review and case studies
*Overlaps among classification common
Research Tools
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Project evaluation methods
 Participatory/community
 Process evaluation
 Logic models
 SWOT analysis
Observation, survey,
interview, focus groups
Data mining
Systematic literature review
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Quantitative/statistical
analysis
Qualitative analysis
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Thematic analysis using
computer software
GIS
Key Informant Interviews
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When qualitative, descriptive information is sufficient for
decision-making
When there is a need to understand motivation, behavior, and
perspectives of consumers and partners
When a main purpose is to generate recommendations
When quantitative data collected through other methods need
to be interpreted
When preliminary information is needed to design a
comprehensive quantitative study
Conducting Key Informant Interviews
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Formulate study questions
Prepare a short interview guide
Select key informants: first-hand specialized knowledge
and unique perspectives
Establish rapport; sequence questions, phrase questions
carefully, use probing techniques; maintain a neutral
attitude
Take adequate notes
Focus Groups
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When to use:
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In conjunction with a satisfaction survey
At the start of a project, when making changes to your service
or when identifying a problem
Preparing a strategy
When you want to improve relationships with
consumers/partners
Inappropriate Use of Focus Groups
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Avoid focus groups when they imply commitments you cannot
keep or raise expectations
If participants are not comfortable with each other
When the topic is not appropriate for the participants
When a project require statistical or objective data
Four Steps to Effective Focus Groups
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Planning
Recruitment: compatibility, 6-10 participants
Moderation: setting up the session, preparing questions,
recording the data
Analyzing and reporting
NEED PROPER TRAINING TO CONDUCT
FOCUS GROUPS!
Survey Design
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Establish the goals of the project
Determine your sample
Choose interviewing methodology
Create your questionnaire
Pre-test questionnaire, if practical
Conduct interviews and enter data
Analyze the data; produce the reports
Dr. Galen Switzer
Better to use validated
instruments!
Survey Methods
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Personal Interviews
Telephone surveys
Mail surveys
Computer direct interviews
Email surveys
Multiple choice
Numeric open end
Text open end
Cost
Speed
Health Literacy
Sensitive questions
Rating scale
Agreement Scale
Literature Review =
Summary and Synthesis
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Enlarging your knowledge
Information seeking
Critical appraisal
Synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not
known
Identify areas of controversy in the literature
Formulate questions that need further research
The Case Study
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A problem or how a person or institution dealt with a
problem
Propose a solution; recommend a course of action; or
assess the success of previous attempts to solve the
problem
Bring in theories to show how it relates to the case at
hand
SWOT Analysis
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Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Logic Model
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
Logic Model
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
Principles of participatory evaluation
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Focuses on learning, success and action
Useful to the people who are doing the work that is being
evaluated
Ongoing and continual feedback
Knowledge, attitudes, skills and behavior change is built into
the evaluation
Define specific project evaluation questions, the indicators of
success and realistic timeframes
Recognize shared interests among funders, stakeholders,
consumers, and staff.
5 key evaluation questions
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What? Did we do what we said we would do?
Why? What did we learn about what worked and what didn’t
work?
So what? What difference did it make that we did this work?
Now what? What could we do differently?
Then what? How do we plan to use evaluation findings for
continuous learning?
5 evaluation process steps
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Define the project work. What are the measurable project goals and
objectives?
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Develop success indicators and their measures
Collect the evaluation data
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Written questionnaire, telephone survey, interview, focus group,
observation, project diary, program records, before and after
questionnaires
Analyze and interpret the data
Use the evaluation results
GIS in RTI research
THIS WEEK IN GLOBAL HEALTH
Global Women's Health Lecture Series
"Intimate Partner Violence: A Community Engaged Approach to Intervention
Development"
Speaker: Jessie Burke, MHS, PhD
Wednesday, January 11, 7:30-9 p.m.
Magee-Womens Hospital, Auditorium, 0 Level
Dr. Burke is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public
Health. She has an undergraduate degree in cultural anthropology from New York University,
a masters of health sciences in international health, and a PhD in social and behavioral
sciences from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Burke is a public health
social scientist with a focus on the interpersonal and neighborhood contexts of urban
health disparities, and much of her work addresses low-income women and children.
Her research adopts an ecological perspective and a community engaged approach in
addressing health promotion. She employs ethnographic and social epidemiologic
techniques to explore the multiple levels of influencing factors associated with health
problems such as intimate partner violence, youth violence, low birth weight, and preterm
delivery. She is also interested in the design, implementation, and evaluation of comprehensive
interventions that address important women's health problems. Her work has been used to
help develop a clinic-based, peer-advocate, intimate-partner, violence-intervention for women.
Now in a position to expand her domestic urban health research into a global setting, Dr.
Burke recently developed a women's health research agenda in Hyderabad, India.
http://www.bchs.pitt.edu/
http://www.cherp.research.va.gov/leadershipfaculty.asp
1. Vaccine effectiveness
research
2. Teen pregnancy
prevention community
project
3. Environment and
contextual factors
impacting asthma
4. Childhood obesity
prevention in community
5. Biomarker signaling
techniques
Contact: Dr. John Maier
FOCUS GROUP COURSE AT GSPH
Tuesdays 1-3pm Parkvale Building (1/10-2/28)
Receive project-specific training in conducting and analyzing
qualitative data.
Course Objectives:
• Design a qualitative research study.
• Write an interview or focus group script.
• Develop a qualitative codebook and code textual data.
• Learn to use the qualitative software program Atlas.ti.
• Apply intercoder reliability approaches to qualitative data.
Questions? Contact: Susan Zickmund, PhD, Director,
Qualitative Research Core, [email protected]; 412-9545259
http://www.ucsur.pitt.edu/survey_design.php
Student SP examples:
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Jaime Moore: “Documenting Financial Burden and Identifying
Barriers to Obtaining Financial Assistance Among Adult,
English-Speaking Uninsured Patients at the Birmingham Free
Clinic”
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Will Bemben: “Translation of a Model Street Medicine
Program for the Homeless in a Unique Setting: a Three Phased
Approach”
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Thematic analysis of patient interviews using ATLAS.ti
Literature review and interviews of key informants
Jane S. Tschang: “Effectiveness of Adolescent Anti-Smoking
Health Education through Computerized Media Literacy
Program”
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implementation and evaluation of the pilot program using preand post 18-item validated smoking media literacy scale
Area of Concentrations
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Underserved Populations
Global Health
Public Health
February 2nd 12-1
Dr. Michael Yonas
Introduction to community based participatory research
And the use of photovoice