Transcript Smart Assessment

Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran
Bestari
Smart Assessment Task Force
Examinations Syndicate
Ministry of Education
MALAYSIA
7 Disember 1997
sebagai
Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
page 1
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
AGENDA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7 Disember 1997
Definisi
Tujuan
Objektif
Prinsip Asas
Ciri
Perbezaan
Proses
Pemboleh
page 2
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Definisi
Pentaksiran Bestari ialah satu bentuk pentaksiran yang
lues, berfokuskan individu dan menggunakan
teknologi dalam operasinya
Pentaksiran Bestari = PentaksiranLues & Individu + Teknologi
PB = P(L+I) +T
7 Disember 1997
page 3
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Tujuan
Tujuan
Pentaksiran Bestari
Untuk merealisasikan aspirasi
Falsafah Pendidikan Negara
Untuk menjamin kualiti
pendidikan
7 Disember 1997
page 4
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Objektif
Objektif
Pentaksiran Bestari
Untuk memberikan maklumat yang lengkap dan
berguna tentang prestasi pembelajaran kepada
pelajar, guru, ibubapa, dan stakeholders yang lain
yang dapat menggambarkan keupayaan sebenar
pelajar.
7 Disember 1997
page 5
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Prinsip Asas Pentaksiran Bestari
Data Yang
Holistik
Pentaksiran
Yang
Humanistik
7 Disember 1997
Mempastikan
Keseimbangan
Pensijilan Hidup
page 6
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Ciri-ciri Pentaksiran Bestari
Berterusan
On-line
Holistik
Pelbagai Bentuk
Berpusatkan
Pelajar
7 Disember 1997
Berasaskan
Elemen
Panca
Instrumen
Merujuk
Kriteria
page 7
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Holistik
KESEDIAAN
KEMAJUAN
PENCAPAIAN
APTITUD
PUNCA
EVIDENCE
7 Disember 1997
page 8
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Berasaskan Elemen
The objectives of the National Philosophy of Education focus on the physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual
development of the individual. These four aspects are human constructs that should be the focus of our education
system. Thus, an assessment approach that is able to provide information regarding the development and realization
of the four constructs should be established. Assessment must therefore be geared towards the development of
these constructs and this can be achieved through an element-based assessment system.
Element based assessment focuses on the elements that learners possess or have developed through a programme
of learning as a result of classroom instruction. This kind of assessment provides information on the mastery and
achievement of elements by students.
Elements are subdivisions of constructs that need to be developed through the process of teaching and learning .
They represent culminating demonstrations of learning achievement. They may be skills, knowledge, values or
performance outcomes. Subjects or learning areas are the means of developing the elements.
Examples
7 Disember 1997
Subject
Element
Language
Ability to express ideas
Moral Education
Ability to work cooperatively
Mathematics
Ability to estimate quantities
Science
Ability to formulate hypothesis
page 9
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Merujuk Kriteria
Pentaksiran Merujuk Kriteria
ialah satu bentuk pentaksiran
yang dirujukkan pada satu set
kriteria yang sudah ditentukan
7 Disember 1997
page 10
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Berpusatkan Pelajar
Smart Assessment is learner-centred as it is based on the belief that all
learners have different rates of learning and given sufficient time and the
right opportunities, all learners can become successful. It is therefore
imperative to have a system of assessment which will enable each learner to
be assessed when he or she is ready.
In view of the above, Smart Assessment will not only be flexible in nature but
also will be administered on an individual basis. In this system all students
will be assessed when they are ready. Their assessment results will be
recorded accordingly while reports will be issued upon request.
It is also important to realize that although all assessment data need to be
recorded, only positive reports of a learner’s performance will be issued.
7 Disember 1997
page 11
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
On-line
A distinct feature of Smart Assessment is the integration of technology with the process and
administration of assessment through an On-line Assessment System. On-line assessment means
that items for assessment will be stored in a computerised item bank and will be made available to
users through networking.
The integration of technology as a tool to facilitate assessment will create a climate where
assessment can be provided for each student virtually on demand. This system will enable
teachers, students and assessment workers to engage in assessment activities whenever they are
ready as valid and reliable items will be readily accessible and learners’ scores will be recorded
in a Lifetime Database. Reports will also be produced regarding the learner’s level of mastery of
particular elements.
The On-line Assessment System will consist of :
•Comprehensive Item Bank
•Test Generation System
•On-line Administration System
•Scoring and Analysis System
7 Disember 1997
page 12
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Pelbagai Bentuk
Assessment will be
conducted in various
forms to allow different
demonstrations of strength,
abilities and knowledge.
Assessment can then be
categorized as follows :
Classroom assessment
School-based assessment
Centralised assessment
7 Disember 1997
Done prior
to and
during
instruction
to
Done at the
end of each
learning
area
to
Conducted
on demand
when learner
is ready
to
•determine entry point of students
•diagnose students’ strengths and
weaknesses
•monitor students’ progress
•determine instructional
effectiveness
•motivate and encourage
•assess achievement of each
intended learning outcome in
the curriculum
•assess overall achievement
of elements that need to be
developed
•assess intellectual aptitude
based on the multiple
intelligences of the
individual
page 13
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Panca Instrumen
The assessment system in the Smart School will be eclectic in nature with the use
of a variety of approaches and instruments in order to actively involve students in
a process that joins together what is taught, how it is taught and how it is
evaluated.
Tools of assessment will range from traditional assessment tools as well as
alternative assessment tools. This approach will help improve the validity of the
assessment as this will ensure a wide coverage of both the content and process of
learning and instruction.
Traditional Assessment
Traditional assessment tools such as paper and pencil tests in criterion-referenced
standardised tests to assess overall achievement will be used. Traditional and
alternative assessment will be used to assess multiple intelligence in learners
centrally.
Alternative Assessment
Alternative assessment refers to any form of assessment that is other than the
traditional standardised norm-referenced or criterion-referenced paper and pencil
testing. It may require students to answer an open-ended question, work out a
solution to a non-routine problem, perform a demonstration of a skill or produce a
portfolio or artifact.
Forms of alternative assessment that will be implemented in the Smart School for
classroom, school-based and centralised assessment are as follows
• authentic assessment
• performance based assessment
• portfolio assessment
• learner-generated rubrics assessment
7 Disember 1997
Authentic Assessment is a form of assessment
whereby learners are required to show their actual
performance and practice an entire concept rather
than bits and pieces in preparation for eventual
understanding
Performance-based Assessment requires learners
to create a response or a product to a task given
that demonstrate his or her understanding,
knowledge or skills over a period of time.
Portfolio Assessment refers to the systematic
collection of a learner’s work samples, records of
observation and test results over a period of time.
The assessment
of a portfolio is based on
established criteria to reflect the achievement of
the instructional objectives.
Learner-generated Rubric Assessment focuses
on the teacher’s instructional objectives which are
derived from educational standards. Learners will
generate their own rubric, guided by the teacher,
based on the quality of standards they desire to
achieve for themselves.The assessment of the
product, performance or demonstration will be
conducted by learners and teachers based upon
their own criteria and performance indicators
page 14
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Berterusan
The National Philosophy of Education states that
“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort
towards further developing the potential of individuals.”
Therefore, assessment, as part of the educational process, must be on-going in nature.
To ensure that assessment is an on-going process, a “living” certification system will be
introduced. This will be made possible with the establishment of a Lifetime Database
where data on learners’ educational accomplishments is continuously gathered and
updated.
The Living Certification system is based on the belief that given the opportunity , an
individual can improve himself. Therefore certification, will be a living process
whereby the data on educational accomplishments should be treated as data that is
growing and not final. Learners will be allowed to improve their grades and the data
will be recorded and updated accordingly through a patching system.
7 Disember 1997
page 15
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Perbezaan
Pentaksiran
Sekarang
Pentaksiran
Bestari
Berfokuskan Pencapaian
Holistik
Berasaskan Subjek
Berasaskan Elemen
Merujuk Norma
Merujuk Kriteria
Berpusatkan Sistem
Berpusatkan Pelajar
Berpusat
Pelbagai Bentuk
7 Disember 1997
Terminal
Berterusan
Tertumpu Ujian
Panca Instrumen
Off-line
On-line
page 16
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Proses Pentaksiran & Proses
Pensijilan
Proses dalam Pentaksiran Bestari
boleh dihuraikan dalam tajuk
berikut:
Proses Pentaksiran
Proses Pensijilan
7 Disember 1997
page 17
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Proses Pentaksiran
In Smart Assessment, the assessment process begins at day one
of an individual’s schooling period and goes on for life.
The assessment process can be categorized under the
following:
Assessing readiness
Assessing progress
Assessing achievement
Assessing aptitude
7 Disember 1997
page 18
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Assessment Readiness
Both parents and teachers are key players at this point as parents will have to
provide teachers with the learner’s profile regarding
his or her learning styles and capabilities. Based on this information, a teacher
will then administer a placement test.
The information given by parents will be supplemented with existing data on
the learner, if any, before the placement test is a administered.
The data from this test will be recorded, results analysed and an appropriate
entry level is then recommended. The school
administration will ensure that a detailed record of the learner’s ability and
readiness is kept. Refer to Appendix 4.
7 Disember 1997
page 19
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Assessing Progress
The purpose of assessment during the learning process is to track the
learner’s level of mastery of the elements. The results of the assessment
will be used to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of learners.
Assessing progress will help to ensure that learners have mastered the
skills and knowledge for a particular learning area before moving on to the
next level.
A variety of instruments, both traditional and alternative, may be used for
this purpose. Using self-generated rubric assessment or checklists, parents,
teachers and learners themselves will conduct the assessment
7 Disember 1997
page 20
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Assessing Achievement
Achievement is assessed in school as well as
centrally. Assessment at school level is
considered as internal assessment and will
generate internal data (Di). Central
assessment is considered as external and will
generate external data (De). The results of
the assessment at both levels ( De and Di)
will be recorded in the Lifetime Database
and consolidated for purposes of certification.
7 Disember 1997
page 21
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Proses Pensijilan
De
Di
Cantum
Pentaksiran
Sekolah
Pentaksiran
Berpusat
Syarat Pensijilan
PATCH
Belum
YA
Laporan
Sijil
Kepujian
Cemerlang
7 Disember 1997
page 22
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
The success of Smart
Assessment depends on
these Enablers
Polisi
Sistem
Institusi
The Enablers
Dokumen
Faktor
Pemboleh
Instrumen
Teknologi
Orang
Prosedur
7 Disember 1997
page 23
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Dokumen
Dokumen
Senarai
Elemen
Dokumen
Lain
Kriteria
Nasional
7 Disember 1997
Syarat
Pensijilan
Spesifikasi
Pentaksiran
Penunjuk
Prestasi
page 24
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Teknologi
Bank Item
Komprehensif
Sustem Penjanaan
Ujian
Pentadbiran Pentaksiran
Secara On-line
Penskoran dan
Analisisan Automatik
Pangkalan Data
Sepanjang Hayat
7 Disember 1997
page 25
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Technology
Bank Item Komprehensif
Comprehensive item bank is a database containing a large number of
potential assessment items which can be used for assessment activities
for all the subjects offered in Malaysian schools. Each of these
assessment items will be coded on predetermined characteristics and by
its statistical data which shall include data on academic levels, subjects,
content area within the curriculum framework, learning elements,
assessment criteria, and levels of difficulty.
The item bank operates on the premise that all the assessment items can
be retrieved on demand for both centralised and school-based
assessment. It contains calibrated and non-calibrated items.The items in
the bank can be used by teachers, parents, students and courseware
developers. The bank is a place where teachers can get quality items for
their teaching and learning activities as well as items for assessment .
7 Disember 1997
page 26
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Technology
Sistem Penjanaan Ujian
This is a system that allows users to create and
print tests from the sets of items stored in the item
bank. The system also allows a quick and easy
way to write, edit and assemble items in
accordance to the test specifications and print
multiple versions of tests.
7 Disember 1997
page 27
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Technology
Sistem Pentadbiran Pentaksiran On-line
The On-line Test Administration System refers to a
system of administering tests on network which will allow
tests to be administered through networking on a demand
basis . It should be able to support a variety of both
traditional and alternative assessment items as well as
interactive computer tests.
This system will recognize bona fide test-takers,
administer multiple versions of tests on-line as well as
authenticate access to the system. Test-takers’ responses
will be processed automatically under the scoring and
analysis system.
7 Disember 1997
page 28
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Technology
Sistem Penskoran dan Penganalisisan
Automatik
This refers to an automatic method of giving score to
a test-taker’s responses as well as analysing the scores
to be exported to a test-takers’ Lifetime Database. It
also provides immediate scoring and feedback on
interactive tests.
This will enable test-takers’ responses to be linked
with recognized raters. Benchmark scripts and
marking schemes will be made accessible to raters
through networking . This system will also update
item analysis data in the item bank as well as generate
customized remediation and mastery reports for each
student.
7 Disember 1997
page 29
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Technology
Pangkalan Data Sepanjang Hayat
The Central Examinations Agency intends to monitor learner’s
achievement throughout his or her educational development. To realize
this intention, a database facility with the capability to accommodate
changes in a learner’s data and to store his whole profile has to be
established.
Assessment scores are stored for each learner's profile in this database.
The system will continuously update the scores with only the best
achievement stored in the database. This system shall be an on-going
system which rapidly retrieves the learner's profile for the assessment
process.
7 Disember 1997
page 30
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: People
People
Operators
Courseware
Developers
Practitioners
Assessment
Workers
Policymakers
Contributors
PEOPLE
Parents
Students
Teachers
7 Disember 1997
page 31
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Orang
Pekerja Pentaksiran
To keep Smart Assessment running effectively four levels of assessment
workers are needed:
Operators
They conduct and
administer assessment activities
at school and central level as:
invigilators
assessment coordinators
administrators
Managers
Full-time assessment managers are required to
coordinate assessment activities at school level
which will be conducted on an on-going basis.
7 Disember 1997
Practitioners
They are required to understand,
analyse and interpret assessment data as
well as develop, rate and moderate
assessment instruments as:
item writers
raters
moderators
item evaluators
Contributors
They are required to design, research
and evaluate assessment practices and
instruments as:
psychometricians
research officers
page 32
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Pemboleh
Prosedur
Pelaporan
Pendaftaran
Pengawasan
Pensijilan
Prosedur
Pentadbiran
7 Disember 1997
Keselamatan
Pemeriksaan
page 33
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Instrumen
Instrumen
KEMAJUAN
PENCAPAIAN
APTITUD
KESEDIAAN
•Autentik
•Pemerhatian
• Senarai Semak
•Self-generated rubrics
•Criterion-referenced Test
•Performance Test
•multiple intelligence
computer adaptive tests
7 Disember 1997
•scholastic aptitude
•occupational aptitude
page 34
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pemboleh
Institusi
•Sekolah
•Maktab/Institut Perguruan
•Universiti
•Lembaga Peperiksaan
•Majlis Peperiksaan
•Institut Pentaksir
•Pusat-pusat Latihan
Peranan Institusi
Melaksana
Melatih
Menilai
Menatar
Promote
Menyelidik
Memperkenal
7 Disember 1997
page 35
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
The Enablers
Sistem
Pengenalan
Pentadbiran
Patching
Sistem
Cantuman
Pelaporan
Penyampaian
7 Disember 1997
page 36
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Sistem
Sistem Pengenalan Diri
Satu nombor yang unik akan digunakan
sebagai pengenalan seseorang individu
pelajar sepanjang hayatnya. Nombor ini
boleh digunakan untuk menduduki
pentaksiran di pelbagai tahap.
7 Disember 1997
page 37
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Systems
Sistem Pentadbiran
Pentaksiran akan ditadbir berdasarkan individu (bukan
kumpulan) dengan menggunakan instrumen yang dikeluarkan
berdasarkan kaedah multiple delivery.
Intrumen akan disampaikan kepada individu yang ditaksir
menerusi salah satu daripada mod yang berikut:
•On-line - On-Screen - Interactive
•On-line - On-Screen
•On-line - Off-Screen
•Off-line - Off-Screen
7 Disember 1997
page 38
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Systems
Sistem Patching
Patching ialah
mekanisma yang
membolehkan
individu (pelajar)
memperbaiki
data
pentaksirannya
7 Disember 1997
Dalam Sistem
Pentaksiran Bestari
Pelbagai Jenis
Patching diamalkan di
Pelbagai Peringkat.
Jenis Patching
•Patching memenuhi keperluan
•Patching memperbaiki
Peringkat Patching
•Peringkat Kertas
•Peringkat Elemen
•Peringkat Subjek
•Peringkat Sijil
page 39
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Systems
Sistem Cantuman Data
Sistem Hurdle akan digunakan dalam
mencantumkan dua atau lebih kumpulan
data pentaksiran yang datang dari
pentaksiran dalaman (Di) dan
pentaksiran luaran (De)
7 Disember 1997
page 40
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Systems
Sistem Pelaporan
Terdapat dua tahap pelaporan:
•Pelaporan tentang pencapaian keseluruhan
•Rekod Pembelajaran Yang
7 Disember 1997
page 41
Pentaksiran Bestari Sebagai Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan
Mesyuarat Penggubalan Kurikulum KDP Latihan Guru Bestari
Enablers: Systems
Sistem Penyampaian
Penyampaian intrumen akan dibuat dengan
pendekatan
Multiple Delivery
Multiple Delivery merupakan satu
pendekatan penyampaian yang
menggunakan instrumen yang tidak terhad
bilangannya, berbeza dari segi item (soalan)
tetapi bertujuan mentaksir elemen yang sama
dalam skop dan tahap yang sama.
7 Disember 1997
page 42