Transcript The Relevance of ‘Private Household’ for Cross
Q2008 Conference Rome 2008
The Relevance of ‘Private Household’ for Cross-cultural Survey Comparison
by Uwe Warner, CEPS/INSTEAD, Differdange Luxembourg and Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, GESIS-ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany 1
The structure
A. Different household definitions across European countries a. from the ESS fieldwork instrument b. from (Micro-) Census B. The various household structures based on different definitions C. The impact of the obtained household information on a. total net household income b. socio economic status of a household and its members D. A proposal for harmonizing the background variable household for comparative surveys E. Conclusion
A. Different household definitions across European countries
It is important to know the HH concepts because: • Different definitions constitute various
memberships
to a HH and generate different answers to the
HH-size and relation variables
• Variations in the number of persons (and there relationships) contributing to the
HH total income and the consumptions of HH resources
are observable •
Socio economic status
generally defined by the highest position of a HH member • And others … of all HH members is in
a. Some examples from the ESS fieldwork instrument
MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
And finally, I would like to ask you a few details about yourself and others in your household.
F1
Including yourself, how many people – including children – live here regularly as members of this household?
WRITE IN NUMBER:
(Don’t know) 88
Interviewer Instructions of ESS:
One person living alone or a group of people living at the same address (and have that address as their only or main residence), who either share at least one main meal a day or share the living accommodation (or both).
Included are: people on holiday, away working or in hospital for less than 6 months; school- age children at boarding school; students sharing private accommodation.
Excluded are: people who have been away for 6 months or more, students away at university or college; temporary visitors.
EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY 2002 Project Instructions (PAPI) ESS Document date: 15/07/02, Autumn 2002
GERMANY
permanently, always Wie viele Personen leben ständig in diesem Haushalt, Sie selbst eingeschlossen? Denken Sie dabei bitte auch an alle im Haushalt lebenden Kinder.
ANZAHL EINTRAGEN
Antwort verweigert97 Weiß nicht98
SWITZERLAND
Wenn Sie sich selbst dazuzählen, wie viele Personen - Kinder eingeschlossen - leben regelmässig als Mitglieder in Ihrem Haushalt ? Und nun möchte ich Ihnen noch ein paar Fragen zu Ihrer Person und zu den anderen Personen in Ihrem Haushalt stellen. - weiss nicht 88 eingeben ! your household MAXIMUM 9 PERSONEN EINGEBEN
.
SWITZERLAND
Combien de personnes, vous même et les enfants y compris, vivent régulièrement comme membres de votre ménage ? Et finalement, je voudrais vous demander quelques détails à propos de vous et des autres membres de votre ménage.
your household Si ne sait pas - coder '88' ! POSSIBILITE MAXIMUM DE 9 PERSONES.
SWITZERLAND
Quante persone, i bambini e Lei inclusi - vivono qui regolarmente, quali membri della Sua economia domestica ? E infine, vorrei conoscere alcuni dettagli su di lei e gli altri componenti della Sua economia domestica.
Se non so - introdurre '88' ! MASSIMO.
“economic home” POSSIBILITÀ D'INTRODURRE 9 PERSONE AL
ITALY
Desidererei avere alcune informazioni su di Lei e su ciascuna persona che compone la sua famiglia.
F1
Compresi Lei ed eventuali bambini, quante persone vivono regolarmente in questa casa come membri della famiglia?
SCRIVERE IN NUMERO:
(Non so) 88 family
LUXEMBOURG
Wie viele Personen leben ständig in diesem Haushalt, Sie selbst eingeschlossen?
Denken Sie dabei bitte auch an alle im Haushalt lebenden Kinder.
Anzahl eintragen (Weiß nicht) 88 this household
LUXEMBOURG
Y compris vous ménage?
même – et vos enfants – combien de personnes vivent ici de façon régulière comme membres de votre Ecrivez en chiffres your household (Ne sait pas) 88
LUXEMBOURG
Incluindo-o(a) a si e aos seus filhos – quantas pessoas residem aqui de forma regular como membros do seu agregado?
Escrever:. (Não sabe) 88 ?
PORTUGAL
GOSTARIA DE LHE FAZER ALGUMAS PERGUNTAS SOBRE SI E AS OUTRAS PESSOAS QUE VIVEM NESTA CASA
F1:
Contando consigo, quantas pessoas – incluindo crianças – vivem habitualmente nesta casa?
ESCREVER O NÚMERO:
Recusa 77 Não sabe 88 Não Responde 99 house usually
Summary of the ESS findings
Different >units< across the countries: “household” “dwelling” “house” “economic home” “family”
Findings so far
• Confusing number of definition elements across the countries • Translation difficulties: the vocabulary does not exist in the target language (e.g. Portugal) • The concept “household” is ambiguous in the target culture (e.g. Italy) • No cross nationally harmonized measurements in national surveys
b. (Micro-) Census dimensions of HH definitions
1. share a common budget, income and/or expenditure 1.1 share a common budget 1.2 share income 1.3 share expenditures 1.4 share fully or partly living costs 1.5 common contribution to shared vital necessities of life
2. common housekeeping and/or sharing the organization of life 2.1 common housekeeping in an “economic unit” 2.2 shared living room 2.3 common comestibles and food 2.4 common meals a) once a day b) at least once a week 2.5 living together
3. shared dwelling and/or common habitation 3.1 common habitation, reside together 3.2 shared common dwelling 3.3 have the same address 3.4 registered at the same address 3.5 the address where most of the nights are spend
4. family relations by blood and/or legal regulations and/or emotional ties 4.1 legal family relations 4.2 family ties by marriage and adoption 4.3 emotional ties
Country
Denmark France Luxemb Germany England Italy
Elements
3.4
3.2
2.5 + 3.2
1.1 + 3.1
included population
registered at the same address share the common dwelling live together and share the common dwelling share a common budget, common habitation 2.4a/2.2 + 3.3
daily common meal or share living room and at the same address 4 family relations, independent from common habitation and address
B. Household structures based on different definitions
a. Consequences for the relationship dwelling by household b. Consequences for the household size c. Consequences for the household composition
a. Relations of dwelling by household Denmark: n dwellings France: 1 dwelling Luxemb: 1 dwelling Germany: 1 dwelling UK: Italy: 1 dwelling n dwellings by 1 household by 1 household by n households by n households by n households by 1 family
b. Household size Denmark 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 and more ESS1 Cumulative Percent 18.0
20.5
59.5
ESS2 60.5
ECHP8 25.2
64.0
76.1
91.3
100.0
74.9
91.4
100.0
79.6
93.1
100.0
Mean 2.63
2.55
2.40
France ESS1 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 and more 12.6
43.8
63.0
84.2
100.0
ESS2 ECHP8 Cumulative Percent Census 1) 1999 12.7
25.1
31.0
47.3
66.2
85.9
55.7
73.4
92.1
62.1
78.3
92.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
Mean 3.05
2.94
2.56
2.36
25
Luxembourg 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons ESS1 11.8
32.7
53.3
83.3
ESS2 ECHP8 Cumulative Percent 9.1
27.1
32.2
54.0
81.0
58.5
76.0
91.9
Census 1) 2001 29.3
57.5
74.6
91.0
5 and more 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Mean 3.25
3.33
2.50
2.47
Germany ESS1 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 and more 18.9
55.7
74.3
91.8
100.0
ESS2 ECHP8 Cumulative Percent Micro Census 04/2002 1) 20.4
55.8
74.6
38.1
63.2
78.5
36.7
70.5
84.6
92.1
100.0
93.2
100.0
95.8
100.0
Mean 2.63
2.60
2.30
2.12
United Kingdom 1 person ESS1 ESS2 ECHP8 Cumulative Percent 18.2
13.8
30.9
2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 and more 53.7
73.0
90.5
100.0
48.3
67.9
85.4
100.0
64.6
79.8
93.6
100.0
Mean 2.68
2.95
2.33
Italy 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 and more ESS1 8.7
31.4
56.4
86.0
100.0
Census 1) ESS2 ECHP8 Cumulative Percent 2001 21.4
43.9
65.8
88.2
100.0
24.9
52.0
73.5
92.5
100.0
Mean 3.21
2.86
2.57
C. The impact on a. total net household income and b. socio economic status of a household and its members
Persons grandfather grandmother father mother child no. 2 student child no. 3 uncle child no. 1 son-in-law grandchild address E E E A A A and B A A and C A D 1 3 6 6 6 no. of dwelling 2 2 1 or 4 1 1 or 5 31
Table 12:Household composition and household income in
Italy
HHPersons HH1 uncle Income OECD-modified equivalised 1500 Scale 0.5
HH income grandfather grandmother father mother child no. 1 son-in-law grandchild 1800 0 2500 500 400 2500 0 0.5
0.5
1.0
0,5 0.5
0.5
0.3
child no. 2 child no. 3 total 1000 600 10800 0.5
0.3
5.1
2118 32
Table 13: equivalised HHincome in HH1 uncle 1500
Denmark
1.0
1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 0.5
grandmother father 0 2500 0.5
1.0
mother child no. 2 child no. 3 total HH3 child no.1
son-in-law grandchild 500 1000 600 6400 400 2500 0 total average household income 2900 0.5
0.5
0.3
3.3
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.8
1939 1611 1683 33
Table 14: equivalised HHincome in
France
HH1 uncle 1500 1.0
1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 grandmother 0 total 1800 1.0
0.5
1.5
1200 1.0
HH3 father mother 500 child no. 2 child no. 3 total HH4child no. 1 son-in-law grandchild total 2500 0.5
1000 600 4600 400 2500 0 2900 average household income 0.5
0.3
2.3
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.8
2000 1611 1578 34
Table 15: equivalised HHincome in HH1 uncle 1500 1.0
Luxembourg
1500 HH2grandfather 1800 grandmother 0 total 1800 1.0
0.5
1.5
1200 HH3 father mother child no. 3 total HH4child no. 1 son-in-law grandchild total HH5child no. 2 2500 500 600 3600 400 2500 0 2900 1000 average household income 1.0
0.5
0.3
1.8
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.8
1.0
2000 1611 1000 1462 35
Table 16: equivalised HHincome in
England
HH1 uncle HH2 grandfather grandmother total HH3 father 1500 1800 0 1800 2500 1.0
1,0 0,5 1,5 1,0 1500 1200 2500 HH4 mother child no. 3 total HH5 child no. 1 son-in-law grandchild total HH6 child no. 2 500 600 1100 400 2500 0 2900 1000 average household income 1,0 0,3 1,3 0,5 1,0 0,3 1,8 0,1 846 1611 1000 1443 36
Table 17:Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members*
in Italy
HH No.
HH1 uncle grandfath
er
ISCO-88ISEI 7422
8285
33
30
overall status
Father
Mother 3112 7331 45 29 son-in-law 2142 69 69 *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.
37
Table 18: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in
Denmark
HH No.
HH1 uncle HH2 grandfather father ISCO-88 ISEI overall status 7422 8285 3112 33 30 45 33 45 mother 7331 29 HH3son-in-law *) 2142 69 69 All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed .
38
Table 19:Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in
France
HH No.
HH1 uncle ISCO-88ISEI HH2 grandfather HH3 father 7422 8285 3112 overall status 33 30 45 33 30 45 mother 7331 29 HH4son-in-law *) 2142 69 69 All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed .
39
Table 20:Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in
Luxembourg
HH No.
HH1 HH2 grandfather HH3 uncle father mother HH4 son-in-law ISCO-88 ISEI overall status 7422 8285 3112 7331 2142 33 30 45 29 69 33 30 45 69 HH5 child no. 2studying n/a *) see father All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed .
40
Table 21: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in
England
HH No.
HH1 uncle HH2 grandfather HH3 father HH4 mother ISCO-88 ISEI overall status 7422 8285 3112 7331 33 30 45 29 33 30 45 29 HH5 son-in-law 2142 69 69 HH6 child no. 2 studying n/a see father *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.
41
D. A proposal for harmonizing the household variable for comparative surveys
• We propose four questions • one question lists all persons who are members or not by using a show card • Three questions deal with the combination of dwelling and household
1. A household is built from all persons living together and have a common housekeeping.
These are (listed on a show card) - yourself - all other adults living in this household permanently - all children and the babies living in this household permanently - all people in education, training, pupils and students being temporarily and momentarily absent
(show card continued) - also persons being momentarily absent because of the job, like weekend commuters, seasonal workers and persons being away for a construction job - people on community and civilian service, also military service - people being absent for maximal half a year because of sickness and holidays - people being absent for maximal half a year because of other reasons, like imprisonment on remand - also included are domestic workers, au pairs and caregivers/nurses
(show card continued)
Not
counted as household members are: - regular, professional soldiers and police men living in barracks and caserns - family members living in nursing homes and homes for the elderly - people being absent longer than half a year - visitors and also long-time visitors
1a. Please, fill in the number of persons: 2. Is this household spread over more than one dwelling?
yes no If yes: 2a. How many different dwellings?
Please, fill in the number of dwellings:
2b. In this dwelling, how many people share the common house keeping?
Please count again all persons also the children and the persons being absent for maximal half a year because of work, education, sickness or holidays.
Please, fill in the number of persons:
E. Conclusion
• Transparency of the household definition – to data producers – to interviewers – to interviewees – to data users • Common in-/exclusion rules of household membership – across countries – across cultures
• Easier to survey • Less discrepancies among the household configurations and types during the fieldwork • More reliable information for cross-national and cross-cultural analyses obtained