Transcript Outlining for Extemporaneous Speaking

ORGANIZATION
• There are a lot of technical details in this
presentation. Feel free to take notes, but I’m also
posting this online.
• This will be an example of a bad PowerPoint.
Consider noting how you interact with (or don’t)
both the slides and the vocal material as we go
through things today.
ORAL CITATIONS
• Can track it down
• Audience can trust source
• Less information about well known, credible
sources (Dept of Justice website, CIA Factbook,
CNN.com, Journal of American Medical
Association)
• More information about sources known by few in
audience (Cato Institute, Harper’s, Dwell,
Electronic Frontier Foundation)
ORAL CITATIONS – COMPONENTS
• At a bare minimum:
• Source (journal, website, official agency)
• Date (when available; can be approximate)
• Sometimes should also include:
• Author (when author’s credibility could matter—if they’re
an expert, or acting in an official capacity/office)
• Article Name
• Credibility of Source or Author
ORAL CITATION EXAMPLES
• The Washington Post covered the Virginia Tech
press conference in an August 30th article. The Post
quotes Tech president Charles Steger, who
responded to the government report on the
shootings by saying…
• I found Kara’s story at houseofthin.com, a proanorexia website.
Pearl S. Buck
WHY STUDY ORGANIZATION?
• Structure clarifies ideas
• The “art of emphasis”
• Reception of oral messages differs from
written ones
• Time
• Big picture
• Zoning out
BASIC SPEECH STRUCTURE
• Introduction
• Body
• Main Point 1
• Main Point 2
• Main Point 3
• Conclusion
FIVE COMPONENTS OF A SPEECH
INTRODUCTION
• #1: Attention Getter – the very first thing you
say
• Quotation, shocking statistic, story, how topic
affects audience, identify personally with
audience, suspense, refer to occasion, use
analogy, use humor
• Overdone AGs = Questions, “Imagine you are…”
• If you need to introduce yourself, do so after this
initial step!
INTRODUCTIONS
• #2: Relevance or Connection to the
Audience
• Give the audience a reason to keep listening
• Why does/how will this affect them?
• May need to more broadly establish scope or
significance of issue, as well
INTRODUCTIONS
• #3: Establish Your Credibility with the Topic
• Boost your ethos—give audience a reason to trust you
• May not be necessary in situations where audience knows
your expertise (workplace, when invited to speak, when
introduced by someone else)
INTRODUCTIONS
• #4: Thesis Statement – Make a claim
• Not simply a topic sentence
• Make an argument about the topic
INTRODUCTIONS
• #5: Preview – Spell out the structure of the
speech
• Tell us explicitly that you’ll talk about A, B, and C
• Be more blunt than you would be in a paper
• Try cues like “first,” “second,” etc.
• Use delivery skills to indicate the end of the intro:
slow down through the preview, and pause after
it
FIVE ELEMENTS OF SPEECH INTROS
• Attention Getter
• Relevance to Audience
• Establish Your Credibility
• Thesis
• Preview
THE SPEECH BODY
• Discrete “chunks” with connections
• (Main points with transitions)
THE SPEECH BODY:
TRANSITIONS
• Transitions
• Used between main points & some sub points
• Summarize previous point, and preview new
point
• “Now that we understand why current foster home laws
are hurting kids, let’s look at what we can do about it.”
• “So we all see just how bad the situation is in Syria. But
how did it get this way?”
• “…This is only one example; there are many more serious
consequences. In fact, gambling addiction doesn’t
only affect the individual—it affects those around the
addict as well.”
THE CONCLUSION
• Goals of all conclusions
• The end is near!
• Stress the “take-home message”
• Provide a sense of closure
EXAMPLE CONCLUSION TECHNIQUES
• Summarize main points
• Personal reference
• Refer back to introduction
• Challenge the audience
• Discuss potential next steps
• Memorable language
• Metaphor
• Symbolism
• Parallelism: “Ask not what your country can do for
you, ask what you can do for your country.” -JFK
• Anaphora: “I have a dream…” –MLK
REPETITION (CONDUPLICATIO)
HOW LONG SHOULD EACH
SECTION BE?
• Introduction: 15 to 25%
• Body: 65 to 80%
• Conclusion: 5 to 10%
• Usually I: 20%, B: 70%, C: 10%
BASICS OF OUTLINING
I.
Main Point (Preview pts. I.A + I.B)
A.
B.
II.
First Supporting Point
1.
2.
Sub point #1
Sub point #2
Second Supporting Point
1.
Sub point #1
2.
Sub point #2
[Transition: Summarize I.A + I.B]
Main Point (Preview pts II.A + II.B + II.C)
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
First Supporting Point
Second Supporting Point
Sub point #1
Sub point #2
Third Supporting Point
[Transition: Summarize II.A + II.B + II.C]
SPEAKING NOTES