Plant Tissue Culture
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Transcript Plant Tissue Culture
Plant Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture
A.K.A
•Micropropagation
•In vitro Culture
A rice plant
growing in
nutrient rich
agar
faperta.ugm.ac.id/newbie/download/pak_tar/Plantbiotechnology/TissuC
ulturebiotech2007.ppt
Plant Tissue Culture
Learning Objectives
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Picture Dictation Exercise
Our Learning Objectives
in relation to Tissue Culture
Reasons for propagating plants by tissue culture are
stated
The culture process is described
Describe some common tissue culture methods
Including – meristem culture and embryo culture
Describe how the plant part is selected
Describe how the culture medium is made up
Explain the timing of plant selection
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture (also known as Micropropagation or
In vitro culture) is:
The growing of plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or
other plant parts in a sterile environment on a
nutrient medium.
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a bit like the equivalent of
‘Dolly the sheep’ but using plants.
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Cloning Animal Cells
Cloning Plant Cells
Both these processes use undifferentiated cells
Picture Dictation Exercise
Take some meristematic cells from a plant.
These cells are called an explant
Place the explant on a sterile nutrient rich agar
The explant grows into a ball of cells
This ball of cells is called a callus
The callus then develops roots, stem and leaves
This is called a plantlet
Transplant the plantlet into a traditional growing
media
Answer
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Is …the technique of growing
plant cells, tissues, organs,
seeds or other plant parts in a
sterile environment on a
nutrient medium
You might say … it is the plant
equivalent of dolly the sheep
Back to picture dictation
Back to Contents
What are undifferentiated cells
What are undifferentiated cells
In the human body we have lots of different types of cells
Blood cells
Muscle cells
Bones cells
Brain cells
An undifferentiated cell is a cell that does not yet have a
specialised job
Next
What are undifferentiated cells
Undifferentiated cells in animals
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells in plants
?
You tube demonstrations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kje0YczE0Do
The Culture Medium (Media)
The environment surrounding the developing
explants must provide the correct ‘necessities’ for
plant growth.
Neccessities
for plant
growth
The Culture Medium (Media)
From this list of neccessaties – which ones are
provided by the agar?
Neccessities
for plant
growth
Hormones in the agar
Two Hormones Affect Plant Differentiation:
Auxin: Stimulates Root Development
Cytokinin: Stimulates Shoot Development
Generally, the ratio of these two hormones can
determine plant development:
Auxin ↓Cytokinin = Root Development
Cytokinin ↓Auxin = Shoot Development
Auxin = Cytokinin = Callus Development
What is Callus development
A callus is a blob of tissue – (mostly undifferentiated
cells)
A callus is naturally developed on a plant as a result
of a wound
This callus can be left to develop or can be further
divided
The culture medium contains a gel (agar) with
the proper mixture of nutrients, sugars, vitamins and
hormones (growth promotors),
These causes the plant part to grow at very rapid
rates to produce new plantlets. It has been estimated
that one chrysanthemum apex placed in tissue
culture could produce up to 1,000,000 new plantlets
in one year.
Tissue Culture Transfer Protocol
Dr. Dan Lineberger of Texas A&M University demonstrates the protocol to
transfer African violets from tissue culture containers where they were grown into a
small �forest� of cloned plants (called multiplication culture tubes) to tissue
containers where the young clones will form new roots.� After the roots are
formed, they can be removed and potted into containers. This procedure must be
done in the sterile environment of a transfer hood.
Sterilize the surfaces of the transfer hood.
Sterilize all tools that touch the plants by first dipping in alcohol them flaming.
African violet clones in a shoot multiplication tube.
Remove the cluster of plants in the culture.
Insert the cluster of plants into the new culture container.
Break up the cluster of plants and spread them out.
Seal the container with paraffin film.
The culture before transfer (left) and after transfer (right).
Embry Culture
Plant Tissue Culture and G.E