Chapter 14 Huntsman
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Transcript Chapter 14 Huntsman
Chapter 14
Narrative Reading
Nicole Huntsman
What?
Narratives are used to tell stories and can be factual
or author invented.
Story structure is how the story is organized. This
organization helps students pull important details
from the text and make generalizations.
Story elements include:
Setting: the when and where
Characters: the who or what (protagonists and
antagonists arise here)
Plot: the problem or conflict, sequence of events to
overcome conflict, and the resolution
Theme: the BIG IDEA the author is trying to convey
Recognizing Story Structure
Recognizing story structure aids students in their ability
to ask and answer questions, monitor comprehension,
predict and preview, make text connections, construct
mental images, and retell or summarize.
Strategies before, during, and after reading:
Story maps can help in recognize story structure by
creating a visual aid. These can be used effectively both
before and during reading.
Asking questions encourages active reading.
Answering questions helps jumpstart student thinking to
push for deeper analysis. Bloom’s Taxonomy serves as an
aid in question formulation.
Strategies before, during, and after reading cont. :
Monitoring Comprehension tracks progress of
understanding.
Connecting to World Knowledge
Helps students to understand text by
making connections to their lives.
Predicting helps focus students attention
while they are reading text.
Constructing Mental Images increases students’ chance
to follow text and maintain understanding of events.
Summarizing helps assess student comprehension as well
as guides towards deeper understanding of the text.
Developmental Levels of
Summarizing
Emergent
Focus on event listing and sequencing
Introduce basic story elements
o Early Fluent
• Help students apply basic elements in both written and
oral forms
• Introduce main event identification
• Model and guide retelling events
• Fluent
• Introduce plot summary
• Practice refining sequencing and other elements
in retelling
Multiple-Strategy Instruction Program: TSI
TSI = Transactional Strategies Instruction
TSI covers a wide range of theories, all involving
“transactions.”
Transactions include:
Those between reader and text,
Those between readers, and
Those between reader and instructor.
TSI Strategies
Reader Response
Personal interactions with the story
Discussion Oriented Instruction
Teacher directed questioning
Student directed questioning
Open ended questions
Writer’s Response
Personal, Narrative, and Critical
Why?
Understanding story structure is important because it
helps students to:
Remember the story.
Understand “sameness” across a variety of texts.
Understand the author’s message in a broader context.
When?
Comprehension instruction should begin at earliest
levels of text interaction and continue throughout
education.
Comprehension instruction must be presented with
reliable assessment
HOWEVER…
Most tradition assessments are inadequate in that they:
Confuse comprehension with vocabulary, background
knowledge, and other reading skills.
Fail to represent the complexities of comprehension.
Do not explain why or where a student may be struggling.
How to supplement formal
assessment
Use informal assessments like:
Retellings
Student think-alouds
Process-focused practices
These will help better identify areas of strengths
and weaknesses.
How?
Multiple strategies are available to aid in Narrative
Reading Instruction.
CROWD – Teacher prompted questioning
Completion, Recall, Open-Ended, Wh- (who, what,
when, where), Distancing
PEER – Student retelling of story
Prompt, Evaluate, Expand, Repeat
Scaffolding – Slowly turning over reading to students
after repeated readings
For detailed lesson plans on teaching students to
recognize story structure as well as utilize it to enhance
comprehension, see pages 651-680 of the text.
These lesson plans discuss the following tools:
Story Maps
Theme Identification Questioning (used after story map
completion)
Comprehension Strategies and Questions in multiple forms
Prediction Activities
Think-Alouds
Lesson Tools cont.
“Fix-Up” Strategies (encouraging students to problem
solve while reading)
Choral Readings of story
Book Club
Written responses that are personal, creative, and critical
Tripod Response Sheets (support Book Club writing
tool)
Conclusion
Teaching students to recognize story elements in
narrative texts encourages good reading practices
from the first introduction into reading and all the
way through education.
While assessment is necessary, traditional assessments
are often ineffective and need to be accompanied by
more engaging informal assessments
Comprehension strategies are best taught in a variety
of ways.