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Fundamentals of Mobile Computing CE00375-2 Introduction to the Module [email protected] Ext 3292, Room C203, Beacon Building Mobile Computing Content • What is Mobile Computing ? • Module Staff • Teaching Schedule Lectures Tutorials • Assessment Assignment Examination Mobile Computing Biggest problem with Mobile communications like the Internet is too many acronyms WSP/B PDC POS CCIR BW UPT BSS MCC FHSS HIPERLAN IFS FIB SNDCP S-SAP WWW MSISD N LAI PDA ATIM CW DVB-T ICMP PSN TTL HEC GIF LAPD CSCW ISO ITU LED CCH CDMA PA ITU-R PDN IEEE IrDA AIDCS CAC HTML CC NDC CCA SNACK IMF JPEG HDTP DPCH HDB HO GWL CC XOR TD-CDMA JDC ISI RTT CTS BCA GTP SIM MMF CEPT SCPAS-TP SFD UBR DPCCH SDM PTP-CLNS RL URI PHS TLLI MOT ARP CU UIM PPP AIB MNC WRC IMT-MC WSP WAP ATM-CL LBR PMA TCH/F M-PNNI HCSAP EMAS EIRP CATV DNS V+D FW CSMA DCE DSL FSK PLL AESA CSMA/CD VC DH HDLC TI RAS MN SDP DVTR CORBA GEO EDTV HMQoS TCH/FS HEO PAD HO-HMPDU SAP SDMA WML EHF HIB FEC FIC TC-HMPDU VDB AID ACT FR PRACH AFS CIF LI PACS RIP Loc AGCH ASA IWF BLIR TR-SAP UDP SCF IMT-FT Cnf ISDN HTTP BPSK TFO ESS RTT TMN MSRN SN PDO GMSC SIG CN HDTV AUS TUSSD CT SMS DFWMAC DHCP BSC KID ROM ETSI ISM QPSK UTRA GRE TM Req DVB-S FPLMTS CCCH ISL MUL DC COFDMOSI AM DVB RTR SEQN COMS RSS PS PM TOS PC DAB PCS LS RSA RRM CN TE IS XML LF SS7 M-NNI HI T-SAP COA RFID VCC PTP DTE CS PTM WMLScript MTSA BLIRCS RR IMSI DAMA RAND MIB GMM PCH RA NSS LIR SH SDT BSSAP SAAL MATM WTLS TIM FT JCT PDTCH GFSK D-AMPS CDM PCM CSD SW UMTS IV PSK ZIGBEE STA RIB EMAS-E MSDU TA RFC CLMS IR NMT RLP ACID NFC TINA DQPSK TFI GPRS PACS-UB VHF PT ABR NSA WCAC NTSC EY- PMA TMSI TDT WDP CPU HMPDU SDU PLW DVB-C HAD CSMA/CA ACL MOC MACA Disassoc TDM LAN DPDCH PLMN DLC QAM EIR AuC HID RM DA PLCP CM SNAP LOS CAC VNDC UHF WCMP L2CAP ARIB MSK ECDH TETRA PHY DSDV HA TCH/H ASCII SRES WTA GSN CRC W3C PAL BRAN PSTN MEO MCM CKSN CVSD I-TCP SUMR HSCSD LC RT POTS 3G HDACS TTC ASK FDMA T-TCP VBR-rt LRU BER DIFS BSS PPG HDML EDGE PRMA MSC NA-TDMA BFSK SDTV TCP GMSK MS VPN NAT AMA SCO IMT-DS HF HCPDU USIM TCH/HS DS GPS CGI PLI WIM SDCCH NMAS MCI IMTTCCPM OFDM TIB ANSI BCCH ASP NFS ITU-T SFN TFTS WMT FRAD MHEG ATM NIB RLC WAN SGSN DECT PMD WTAI FCCH FM CAMEL FA COS QoS UE PI TDD SCDMA LMP ARQN DCS VLR SATM VBR-nrt HM ACK SwMI FACCH DCCH LAPDm AK-HCPDU DT-HCPDU WLAN SHF VAD SIFS WLL RA MSC PSF W-CTRL GP FDD UWC BSSGP BCH MT ID SMRIB UTRAN NNI PIFS GGSN HCSDU IMT OMC AAL WTP DCF SCH FCA PDU IN IMT-SC SA PSPDN GERAN GSM EDGE RAN M-UNI DSR TCH MAC RNS BMP OSS W-CDMA SCPS AMES IP WATM SC Auth SEC-SAP MF MS CBR NRL DSMA DBPSK 3GPP HC TDMA ML MTC NAV AP M-TCP MBS PTP- ONS SC UD TSF PDF GSM ADSL UNI LEO MSAP PIN FDM PCF SSL BTSM ISMA VLF OTA ADA SACCH DSSS RACH PUK PPM SAMA MM LAPC IOT PAD RTS Res ICO DTIM HBR CD TLS VBR DVD MSIN HCQoS LA DDIB SS PNNI CIDR DTMF MSC EIT IMEI Codec UP ARQ UN ILR WAE IETF CDV Assoc HP DCA MH CDPD GAP LLC BTS LM B-ISDN HLR M-QoS TPC TV WPAN SI RAL GR WP-CDMA AMPS NIT BLI MPEG VHE PCS CCF NET DAB HSDPA Mobile Computing What is Mobile Computing • Network computing on the move • No need for wires to connect the computer A number of hardware technologies have become available allowing this • Battery life has improved • Screen Technology allows smaller, high resolution low power • Radio modulation techniques are now more battery efficient • Processors and memory are cheaper and draw less power • Improved input methods- Virtual keyboard Mobile Computing As the hardware though has developed • So have the software and uses Non laptop devices have user updatable operating systems installed • These are specifically written for the hardware and its needs Windows CE and the variations Symbian Apple I-Phone OS – Cut down OSx “Standard” software installed allowing improving productivity Software specifically written for the devices giving profitability • Mobile TV – video clips Mobile Computing When is Mobile computing useful • Depending on the scenario different technology is required. Wireless is not always the best solution even today wired communications will be better in a lot of scenarios • Consider a business person with a laptop trying to use email to stop in touch Wireless Mobile Fixed Office Yes No Yes Hotel Yes Yes Yes Home On the move Yes No No Yes Yes No Mobile Computing Benefits of Commercial Mobile Computing can be • Increase in profitability Reduced costs in terms of communications, and increased work due to the fact that you can respond quickly • Improvement in Performance Instant access can allow you to adapt even though you are away from the office • Simple example would be a parcel company while out getting information to pick up a parcel and a route to the location • Cost Savings Cheap easily available communications, messaging, email • A connected workforce Allowing instant access to data files from work for example for the worker who is on the road • Improved competitiveness The improvements given can then allow to either stay ahead of the competition, or increasingly today, just to match the competition Definitions Mobile Computing • Satellite Very limited throughput Available on a global basis Extremely expensive per Mb • Wireless Data communications over a wireless interface No/limited roaming support Common example is IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) Throughput from 1Mb to 200Mb + (in theory) Susceptible to interference Medium cost, free at home, payment required when away from home • Mobile Data communications with large area roaming • Can have a high error rate in transmissions when moving Examples would be GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA Throughput from 9.6 Kbps to 2 Mbps, 7.2Mbps (in theory) Expensive per Mb, a typical 59p per Mb • Fixed Wired Infrastructure, with no roaming Common Example is Ethernet Throughput from 10Mb to 2Gbps High reliability/availability Cheap per Mb Mobile Computing What is a wireless/mobile device Sensors, Embedded controllers Palmtop - Compact keyboards - Good graphics - Faster processing - Reasonable Storage Mobile phone - Voice, text, data - Limited displays - Limited interface - Limited expansion Performance and size Pagers - text only - receive only PDA - Limited browsing - Reasonable graphics - Character recognition - May contain mobile / wireless hardware - Stylus based interface - Reasonable expansion - Often Infrared enabled Notebook - Fully functional - OS not specifically designed for mobile use Mobile Computing Mobile Computing • The number of devices is growing Mobile phones Laptops Small Cheap Computers (SCC)/Mini laptops PDA’s Communicators ! (not the Star Trek kind) Headphones Computer peripherals Cars Portable Games consoles Electric/GAS Meters Number of devices is increasing all the time Mobile Computing Mobile Computing • Locations where people can gain access is also on the increase popular Wi-Fi hot spots are Virgin Trains Railway Stations McDonalds Public Libraries TheCloud Star Bucks Coffee Shops Hilton Hotels • This list will keep growing Staffordshire University • Network access anywhere using mobile phone technology Wide scale use • • • • 2G – 2.5G 3G – 3.5G GSM – GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSDPA Mobile Computing One Solution for all ???? • No one solution is suitable for all situations Devices need to change Air interface technology • A wireless technology is designed for a task • Design Considerations The design of these devices is different from a desktop • • • • • • • Reduced battery power Reduced processing power Slower network communications (mostly) Reduced screen size Reduced input capabilities Increased risk of losing the device and data ! Reduced control over the usage Mobile Computing Who is Driving this technology • Military usage What they are using will become available to us at a later stage They are using wireless communications • • • • Real-time feedback for the battlefield Movement of intelligence Satellite photographs provided to the commanders in the field Intelligent Autonomous Devices LANDriod (http://www.darpa.mil/ipto/solicitations/open/07-46_PIP.pdf) Allows communications within a battlefield situation, where it would normally be hard The intention is for these to move until the generate a communications MESH using ADHOC technology Real-time status of personnel and the requesting of medical evacuation Mobile Computing Who is Driving this technology • What we are now looking at for 3G technology The military have been using for 30 years • The communications were secure if the sequence was not known • Difficult to jam the entire signal • Is not effected by limited signal degradation • New uses of the technologies are being developed Large numbers of Supermarkets are using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), to improve stock taking Airports are trialling the same technology for airport baggage Ambulance services are developing live feedback of data to hospitals Police vehicles that have a live feed to the national computer • As of the Quarter 2 2008 There are currently 3.6 Billion cellular users • (http://www.gsmworld.com/news/statistics/pdf/gsma_stats_ q2_08.pdf) • This is a very large possible market place Mobile Computing The big growth areas • For Mobile communications are China India Pakistan Africa • http://www.alpha-2.info/Wireless-Providers-See-Growth-PotentialIn-The-Last-Frontier_a3049.html • These communications allow flexibility and relatively cheap installation of communications technology It is not financially worth installing a cable to each house in a sparsely populated area You can though install one transmitter which will allow communications for all of these people All of the benefits then of telecommunications are available to these areas such as Internet connections with all of the benefits Fundamentals of Mobile Computing The Course Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Teaching Staff • Kelvin Hilton Lectures and Tutorials • Justin Champion Lectures and Tutorials Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Your expectation • You are expected to Attend 2 lectures per week of 1 hour each Attend a 1 hour tutorial slot Allocate private study time of about 9½ hours per week • All of the material will be put onto the website Both tutorial and lectures Useful links will be put on the website • www.fcet.staffs.ac.uk/jjc1 Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Lectures • These will be split between myself and Kelvin • They will discuss the theory and standards behind various mobile data aware technologies 1G to 3G mobile phones Wireless PANS Wireless LANS Wireless MANS The technologies and infrastructure which keep these running Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Tutorials • These will look at the development of a application for a mobile device. • Please attend the tutorial slot which is convenient to you We MAY have to force people though to attend different slots, depending on how the numbers work out • Application Will be developed in Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Compact Framework (VB.NET CF) • The Pocket PC SDK5 will be used in the labs as well Each week a work sheet will be made available on the website, working towards the assignment Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Assessment • One piece of course work • One examination This will be taken in the normal examination period • Broken into two parts Multiple Choice Open Questions • Assignment (Course Work) Develop an application for a mobile device with a real-world scenario using VB 2008 CF • This will build upon the material in the tutorials and will some of your own private studies • A report will be submitted for the infrastructure you would recommend to run this application Fundamentals of Mobile Computing The Important Stuff • In this course we want students to do WELL If there is a problem please let us know It is quite normal in this course for confusion • There are so many terms which are used • Particular of interest is when the same thing is called different items when differing technology is attached If you are struggling then please do ask either Myself or Kelvin It is a very large subject area • A lot of technology is covered by the general title of Mobile Computing! • It is difficult to follow all of the developments and we intend to discuss only the ones which you will at the moment regular see / employers will expect you to know about Conclusion What we have discussed today • Introduction to some concepts • Teaching Team • Assessment Examination (50%) In course assessment (50%)