Transcript American Revolutionj ppt

Standards
0 SS4H4 The student will explain the causes, events, and results of the American
Revolution.
0 a. Trace the events that shaped the revolutionary movement in America, including the
French and Indian War, British Imperial Policy that led to the 1765 Stamp Act, the
slogan “no taxation without representation,” the activities of the Sons of Liberty, and
the Boston Tea Party.
0 b. Explain the writing of the Declaration of Independence; include who wrote it, how it
was written, why it was necessary, and how it was a response to tyranny and the abuse
of power.
0 c. Describe the major events of the American Revolution and explain the factors
leading to American victory and British defeat; include the Battles of Lexington and
Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown.
0 d. Describe key individuals in the American Revolution with emphasis on King George
III, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Benedict Arnold, Patrick
Henry, and John Adams.
The French and Indian War
0 1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in
America between the English and French.
0 It was called the Seven Years War in
Europe.
0 Called the French and Indian War because
the Indians helped the French in the war
against the British. The Indians had
nothing to lose. The British were taking
their land, the French were not.
0 The British won, but at a cost a lot of
money.
0 Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin
Franklin
A political cartoon calling for American colonies to
band together for protection against Indians and the
French. First published in the Pennsylvania Gazette
on May 9, 1754.
Proclamation of 1763
0 Forbid colonists to settle west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
0 Created to protect colonists from the
Indians
0 Many colonists reacted with anger
toward the Proclamation. They did not
like being told what to do or where they
could live.
Taxes
0 French and Indian War cost a lot of money.
0 Parliament (the British government) decided to tax to
colonies to help pay for it.
0 The first tax was the Sugar Act of 1764. It placed a tax
on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies.
0 Stamp Act of 1765 placed a tax on all printed material,
such as newspapers and playing cards.
0 This tax upset the colonists even more.
No Taxation without
Representation
0 The colonists claimed “no taxation
without representation” because they
were being taxed but had no vote in
Parliament and had no say in how the
colonies were being governed.
0 The colonists started a boycott, or a
refusal to buy certain goods, from the
British.
Sons of Liberty
0 Samuel Adams began a
secret society called the
Sons of Liberty.
0 The group was formed to
protect the rights of the
colonists and to take to the
streets against the taxes by
the British government.
Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre
0 Colonial men were shouting insults at the British
soldiers.
0 They started throwing things, probably snow balls
and rocks.
0 Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the
British soldiers were called) shot.
0 Five colonists were killed. These were the first
Americans killed in the War for Independence.
0 Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston
Massacre. He used the incident to get more people
angry at the British.
More Taxes…
0Parliament began taxing tea.
Tea was the most important
beverage in the colonies.
0The colonists decided to
boycott all British tea.
Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
0 Colonists (Sons of Liberty) dressed up
like Mohawk Indians and boarded
three British ships full of tea.
0 The colonists dumped all the tea into
the harbor, about 90,000 pounds.
0 King George III was furious!
The Intolerable Acts
0 Laws passed to punish the colonists for
the Boston Tea Party.
0 The port of Boston was closed until the
tea was paid for.
0 The Quartering Act was put into place
which forced colonists to quarter, or
house and supply British soldiers.
First Continental Congress
0 A convention of delegates from twelve colonies
(excluding Georgia) that met on September 5, 1774 in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
0 It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts.
0 Militias (citizen soldiers) were set up.
Shot Heard Round the World!
0 British soldiers in Boston were sent to capture the
militias weapons.
0 Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Israel Bissell warned
the colonists that, “The Red Coats are coming.”
0 British troops marched to Concord to capture colonial
leaders, the ammunition. and weapons that were
stored there.
0 The first two battles of the American Revolution were
fought at Lexington and Concord, when the American
militia met up with British forces.
Battles of Lexington and
Concord
0 About 700 British Army regulars were given secret
orders to capture and destroy military supplies that
were reportedly stored by the
Massachusetts militia at Concord.
0 Patriot colonials had received word weeks before the
expedition that their supplies might be at risk and had
moved most of them to other locations. They also
received details about British plans on the night
before the battle and were able to rapidly notify the
area militias of the enemy movement.
Battles of Lexington and
Concord
0 The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at
Lexington. The militia were outnumbered and fell
back, and the regulars proceeded on to Concord,
where they searched for the supplies.
0 At the North Bridge in Concord, approximately 500
militiamen fought and defeated three companies of
the King's troops. The outnumbered regulars fell back
from the minutemen.
The Second Continental
Congress
0The Second Continental Congress
met in Philadelphia to discuss the
next move of the colonists.
0Appointed George Washington as
commander of the colonial army.
0War with Great Britain was
imminent.
The Declaration of
Independence
0 The United States first needed to declare
independence from Great Britain.
0 Thomas Jefferson, at the young age of 33, wrote
the Declaration of Independence.
0 The Declaration of Independence was signed on
July 4, 1776.
0 This is the day that the United States of America
declared their independence from King George
and Great Britain.
0 That is why we celebrate Independence Day on
July 4th.
Battle of Saratoga
0 The Battle of Saratoga is considered the
turning point in the war for independence.
0 It was actually two battles - the Battle of
Freeman's Farm and the Battle of Bemis
Heights.
0 With the American victory, it proved to the
world that the Americans were serious and
powerful enough to defeat the highly trained
British forces.
0 Upon hearing of the American victory
at Saratoga, the French declared recognition of
the United States of America and fully
supported their war of independence.
Battle of Yorktown
0 The last major battle of the American Revolution was
fought at Yorktown.
0 Washington learned that the French Admiral de
Grasse was sailing to Virginia to prevent the British
army under the command of General Cornwallis from
leaving Yorktown.
0 He and the French General Rochambeau rushed their
troops to Yorktown to trap the British and prevent
them from escaping over land.
Battle of Yorktown
0 A siege of the city of Yorktown lasted from
August - October 1781.
0 Cornwallis was told by Sir Henry Clinton, the
commander of all British forces in America
that he was sending a relief British fleet to sail
to Yorktown with supplies and men.
Battle of Yorktown
0 Admiral de Grasse's French fleet defeated the British
fleet at the mouth of theChesapeake Bay so the relief
that Cornwallis needed was unable to reach
him. Cornwallis was surrounded. The American and
French troops gradually closed in on him.
0 Cornwallis surrendered to Washington on Oct 19,
1781.