Transcript Sequencing of Antiretroviral Drugs

HIV Epidemiology in
Corrections
Albany Medical College
Division of HIV Medicine
HIV Regional Resource Center
HIV Correctional
Regional Resource Center
Updated January 2011
Data Source for this Module
• Unless otherwise noted, data in this slide set is taken
directly from an HIV report from the U.S. Department
of Justice’s statistical agency, The Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS).
• Report name: HIV in Prisons, 2007-2008, NCJ
228307 (Statistician: Laura M. Maruschak)
• These slides include highlights taken directly from the
most recent HIV report available from the BJS
(December 2009). The full report may be obtained
from www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs
General Corrections Overview
• On December 31, 2009, state and federal
correctional authorities had jurisdiction* over
1,613,740 inmates (1,500,278 males and
113,462 females)
• This was an increase of 3,981 inmates from
year end 2008.
*Jurisdiction refers to the legal authority over a
prisoner, regardless of where the prisoner is held.
Prisoners in 2009, BJS
General Corrections Overview
(con’t)
• This 0.2% increase marked the third consecutive
year of slower growth in the U.S. prison population
and the smallest increase during the decade.
• From 2000 to 2008, the state prison population
increased by 159,200 prisoners, and violent
offenders accounted for 60% of this increase.
• The number of drug offenders in state prisons
declined by 12,400 over this period.
Prisoners in 2009, BJS
HIV-infected Inmates
in U.S. Prisons
• At year end 2008, a reported 21,987 inmates held in
state or federal prisons were HIV positive or had
confirmed AIDS.
• This accounts for 1.5% of the total custody
population.
• Among states that reported data in 2006 through
2008, the number of inmates with HIV/AIDS was
stable between 2007 and 2008.
Women versus Men
with HIV Infection
• There are a greater percent of females than
males with HIV infection in the incarcerated
population.
• At year end 2008, 1.5% (20,075) of male
inmates and 1.9% (1,912) of female inmates
held in state or federal prisons were HIV
positive or had confirmed AIDS.
Women versus Men
with HIV Infection
• Among states reporting data in both 2007 and
2008, the number of males with HIV/AIDS
increased by 186 and the number of females
decreased 214.
• Florida (334) reported the largest number of
female inmates with HIV/AIDS, followed by
New York (300),and Texas (249). Six states
reported having zero female inmates with
HIV/AIDS.
Confirmed AIDS Cases in
U.S. Prisons
• At year end of 2008, an estimated 5,733 state and
federal inmates had confirmed AIDS.
• Confirmed AIDS cases made up 0.5% of inmates in
state prison and 0.3% of inmates in federal prison.
• Confirmed AIDS cases accounted for nearly a quarter
(24%) of all HIV/AIDS cases in state and federal
prison.
AIDS-Related Mortality
• During 2007, the most recent year for which data on
inmates deaths are available for state prisons,120
state inmates died from AIDS-related causes, down
from an estimated 155 in 2006.
• Of the 120 AIDS-related deaths among state inmate
in 2007, 112 were males and 8 were females
• Florida (14) reported the largest number of AIDSrelated deaths, followed by New York (11) and Texas
(10).
AIDS-Related Mortality (con’t)
DCRP = Deaths in Custody Reporting Program
NPS-1 = National Prisoners Statistics - 1
Inmate Deaths in Federal Prisons
by Cause (2007 & 2008)
HIV Testing in Prisons
• Appendix Table 5 in the BJS 2007-08 report provides
a breakdown of individual state’s testing policies. Go
to www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs
• During 2008, a total of 24 states reported testing all
inmates for HIV at admission or sometime during
custody.
• Among these 24 states, 23 tested prisoners at
admission, 5 tested while in custody, and 6 tested
upon release.
HIV Testing in Prisons (con’t)
• All fifty states and the federal system tested inmates
if they had clinical indication of HIV infection or if they
requested an HIV test.
• Forty-two states and the federal system tested
inmates after they were involved in an incident in
which an inmate was exposed to a possible HIV
transmission.
• 18 states and the federal system tested inmates who
belonged to specific “high-risk” groups.
Concentration of HIV-infected
Inmates Geographically
• Florida (3,626), New York (3,500), and Texas (2,450) reported
the largest number of inmates who were HIV positive or had
confirmed AIDS.
• These three states account for 24% of the total state custody
population, but 46% of the state custody population who were
HIV positive or had confirmed AIDS.
• Appendix table 1 gives state-specific data. Go to
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs
Resources
•
AIDS Education & Training
Centers National Resource
Center
www.aids-ed.org
•
AIDS Education Global
Information System
www.aegis.com
•
Albany Medical College Division
of HIV Medicine
www.amc.edu/hiv
•
Bureau of Justice Statistics
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs
•
CDC National Prevention
Information Network
www.cdcnpin.org
•
HIV Clinical Resource, New
York State Department of
Health AIDS Institute
www.hivguidelines.org
•
Johns Hopkins AIDS Service
www.hopkins-aids.edu
Acknowledgments
•
Douglas G. Fish, MD
Medical Director
Division of HIV Medicine
Albany Medical College
•
Abigail V. Gallucci
Director of AIDS Education
Division of HIV Medicine
Albany Medical College
•
Sarah J. Walker, M.S.
Associate Director of
Correctional Education
Division of HIV Medicine
Albany Medical College
•
Jim Ybarra
Project Assistant
Division of HIV Medicine
Albany Medical College