Capitalization and Punctuation
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Transcript Capitalization and Punctuation
Capitalization and Punctuation
Guide Signs for the English Language
Capitalization Rules pt. 1
Capitalize proper nouns and words formed from
proper nouns
People, countries, continents, cities, mountains, streets
Capitalize names of particular things
Organizations, calendar days, historical events, languages, and
official classes
Capitalize proper adjectives
American money, British tea
Capitalization Practice
The river jordan flows south from lebanon into the dead sea.
The falkland islands lie about three hundred miles east of the strait of
magellan in the atlantic ocean.
We strolled along pennsylvania street in indianapolis, indiana.
The great barrier reef along the coast of queensland, australia is the
largest coral reef in the world.
The hwang ho river empties into the gulf of chihli, and the yangtze
river empties into the east china sea.
Capitalization Rules pt .2
Capitalize titles when they are used before a name
President Truman, Mayor George Freeman, Dr. Ben Jones
Titles that follow a name or that are used alone are not
capitalized - i.e. Ahab the king, the senator, the president
Capitalize family relationship words when they are used
before a name and when used in place of a name
We saw Uncle Anthony at the store.
What shall we buy Mother for her birthday?
Her father is a baseball player.
Capitalization Rules pt .2
Capitalize the titles of works like books, magazines, stories,
plays, and works of art
The Man Who Would Be King, The Miami Herald
Capitalize the first word of every sentence
Capitalize the pronoun “I” and the interjection “Oh”
Oh man, I am in trouble!
Capitalize the first line in every line of poetry
For tho’ from out our bourne of Time and Place
The flood may bear me far,
I hope to see my pilot face to face
When I have crost the bar.
Capitalization Practice
each morning, the miami herald is delivered to
the school.
we enjoyed the college production of the pirates of
penzance.
That sculpture is a copy of the thinker by rodin.
they have several general electric appliances at
their house.
A water supply reservoir for pasadena, california,
is formed by morris dam on the san gabriel river.
Punctuation pt. 1 : Using End Marks
A declarative sentence ends with a period (.)
One that makes a statement
An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark (?)
One that asks a question
An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation point (!)
One that expresses strong feeling
An abbreviation ends with a period (.)
Mr.
Dr.
Mrs. A.M.
B.C.
Punctuation Practice
Who did you say that you were
Every way of a man is right in his own eyes
Watch out
Ireland has a mild climate
What are you doing here
Be strong and of a good courage
Every way of a man is right in his own eyes.
Punctuation pt. 2: Using Commas
Use a comma and a conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet) to
join two independent clauses.
I looked for Bob, and he found me.
Use a single comma to separate three or more items in a list
Pride, stubbornness, and unbelief lead to ruin.
I saw men running rapidly, breathing heavily, and perspiring
freely.
Use commas to separate two or more adjectives preceding a
noun
Laura seems to be a kind, generous, and considerate person.
Punctuation Practice: circle the conjunctions
and place the comma(s) where needed
Draw closer to your friends and they will draw closer to you.
I called you last night but you did not answer the phone.
Grandfather is planning to visit next month but he will be staying
only five days.
We visited the White House the Capitol and Washington Monument
when we went to Washington D.C.
Red white and blue are the colors of the American flag.
An interesting story will include humor conflict suspense and
reality.
The young man worked long ate heartily and slept soundly.
Punctuation pt. 2: Using Commas
Use commas to indicate nonessential elements in a sentence.
A nonessential element is anything that can be omitted and the
remaining words will still mean what they were intended to mean.
i.e. The Great Salt Lake, a large body of water, is located in Utah.
Use commas to set off appositives
An appositive is aw word or group of words that renames the noun.
i.e. The Scottish Highlands, a desolate region, has magnificent
scenery.
Use commas to set off direct addresses
i.e. Mr. Smith, can you cover my class?
Use commas to set off introductory phrases.
i.e. In conclusion, after all was said and done we were still rich.
Comma Practice
Nero an early Roman emperor persecuted the early church.
The last great Saxon king was Edward the Confessor.
The test pilot John H. Glen was the first American to orbit
the earth.
Charles Dickens aVictorian novelist wrote very long pieces.
Einstein a German genius formulated the theory of relativity.
Graphite one of the softest mineral is used to make pencil
lead.
My father’s brother James was born on July 4th, 1965.
Punctuation pt 3: Colons and Semicolons
Semicolon
Use a semicolon instead of a comma and a conjunction. Shows a close
relationship
In 1991 the music world was shaken by a tragic event; the death of Freddy Mercury.
I don't like him; not at all.
Use semicolons between items in a series if the items themselves contain
commas
Within the past three years, the Smiths have lived in San Diego, California; Great
Lakes, Illinois; and Jacksonville, Florida.
Colon
Use a colon before listed items
Some good vacation areas are:Yosemite, The Great Smokies, and the Florida Keys.
On our last vacation we traveled through four states: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and
Nebraska.
Use a colon between the hour and minute of a time reference
8:00 A.M.
12:05 P.M.
4:30 P.M.
Decide where a semicolon or colon should be
placed in the following sentences.
1. Ellen and Peter were pleased with the cocker spaniel puppy on
the other hand, they had really wanted a beagle.
2. He looked up and down the columns of ads for the stations on
Woodland Avenue Jimmy’s Gulf, Ed’s Shell, Murphy’s Citgo.
3. The entire family packed into the station wagon when we
arrived however, we realized we had left the cat and her kittens in
a box on the front porch.
4. We knew we could get one of the neighbors to feed them for a
few days there was, for example Mr. Smith next door or Mrs.
Perez down the street.
5. Mr. Monroe was mayor of the little town he was, in addition
the police chief, the dog catcher, and the postmaster.
Punctuation pt. 4: Using Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks to enclose the exact words of a speaker. Do
not use quotations marks for a paraphrase.
Philip Henry said, “The road to hell is paved with good intentions.”
Capitalize the first word of a direct Quotation.
The quotation should be set off by a comma.
End Marks always go inside the quotation marks.
Colons and Semi-colons always go outside the quotation marks.
Quotation Practice
An ancient German proverb says speech is
silvern; silence is golden
Language most shows a man Ben Jonson said.
That which we are capable of feeling said
Cervantes we are capable of saying
Language was given us said Bovee that we might
say pleasant things to each other.
Using Apostrophes
Use an apostrophe to form the possessive case of nouns.
To form the possessive of a singular noun, first write the nouns then
add ‘s.
Man’s hat
cow’s hoof
Charles’s theory
To form the possessive of a plural noun, first write the plural form
then add ‘s
Oxen’s yoke
firemen’s fund
To form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in “S”, first write
the plural then add ‘
Minks’ den gorillas cages
Use apostrophes to show that letters or number have been
omitted from a word
Won’t
can’t
it’s
‘84
you’re
Apostrophe Practice
Singular
Friend
Horse
Man
Tooth
Deer
Student
Enemy
Singular Possessive
Plural
Plural Possessive
Apostrophe Practice
Rewrite each of the following expressions in the possessive case
The ideas of everyone
The worth of a dime
The wings of eagles
Shoes of Mark and Kelly
The paintings of Thomas Eakins