Transcript PowerPoint to accompany Medical Language for Modern

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language 2e
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 6:
Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems
The Essentials of the Language of
Cardiology
McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.1: The Heart
McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Heart
• Location of the heart
–size
–shape
McGraw-Hill
6-3
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Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CPR
– CVT
– ECG
– EKG
– SOB
McGraw-Hill
6-4
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– cardi
– electr
– pulmon
– thorac
McGraw-Hill
6-5
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Word Analysis and Definition
• The following terms relate to the structure
of the heart; identify their prefixes.
– endocardium
– myocardium
– epicardium
– pericardium
McGraw-Hill
6-6
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Change the following terms into the
adjective form and define them:
– endocardium
– fibrosis
– ischemia
– necrosis
– pericardium
McGraw-Hill
endocardial
fibrotic
ischemic
necrotic
pericardial
6-7
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following terms related to the
blood flow through the heart:
– atrium
– ventricle
– septum
– bicuspid
McGraw-Hill
6-8
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the prefix, root, and suffix of the
following terms and define them:
– interatrial
inter- atri-al
– interventricular
inter- ventricul- -ar
– semilunar
semi- lun- -ar
McGraw-Hill
6-9
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Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– AV
– IV
– O2
– CO2
McGraw-Hill
6-10
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The Heartbeat
• The actions of the four heart chambers are
coordinated.
– systole
– diastole
– stethoscope
– murmur
McGraw-Hill
6-11
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The Heartbeat
• Electrical properties of the heart
– electrocardiogram
McGraw-Hill
6-12
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Explain the difference between the
following sets of terms:
– atrial and ventricular
– bradycardia and tachycardia
– sinus rhythm and arrhythmia
– systole and diastole
McGraw-Hill
6-13
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Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.2: Disorders of the Heart
McGraw-Hill
6-14
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Disorders of the Heart
• Abnormal heart rhythms
– common arrhythmias
1. premature beats
2. atrial fibrillation
3. ventricular tachycardia
4. ventricular arrhythmia
5. heart block
6. palpitations
McGraw-Hill
6-15
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Disorders of the Heart
• Abnormal heart rhythms
– pacemakers
– implantable defibrillator
– automatic external
defibrillator
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Rick Brady
McGraw-Hill
6-16
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Word Analysis and Definition
•
Give the term based on the provided
definition:
– unpleasant sensations of a rapid beat of the
heart
palpitation
– restoration of a normal heart rhythm by
electric shock.
cardioversion
– uncontrolled quivering of the heart muscle
fibrillation
McGraw-Hill
6-17
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Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– AED
– ICD
– PVC
– A-fib
– V-fib
– V-tach
McGraw-Hill
6-18
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart valves
– heart valve malfunction
1. stenosis
2. incompetence
McGraw-Hill
6-19
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– artificial heart valves
1. prosthetic
2. tissue
McGraw-Hill
6-20
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart wall
1. endocarditis
2. myocarditis
3. pericarditis
4. cardiomyopathy
5. cor pulmonale
McGraw-Hill
6-21
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Word Analysis and Definition
• What relationship do the following sets of
terms have?
– pericarditis and tamponade
– incompetence, insufficiency, and
regurgitate
McGraw-Hill
6-22
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– coronary artery disease
1. angina pectoris
2. myocardial infarction
3. cardiogenic shock
4. cardiac arrest
McGraw-Hill
6-23
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– coronary artery disease
1. risk factors – heredity, age, obesity, lack of
exercise, tobacco, diabetes, stress, high blood pressure
• KEYNOTE: All these risk factors, except
heredity and age, can be reduced by
changes in lifestyle.
McGraw-Hill
6-24
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Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CAD
– ASHD
– MI
– NTG
– PNB
McGraw-Hill
6-25
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the differences in the following
sets of terms:
– occlude and perfuse
– sublingual and substernal
– arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
McGraw-Hill
6-26
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Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– hypertensive heart disease
– congestive heart failure
– congenital heart disease
McGraw-Hill
6-27
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Disorders of the Heart
• Congenital heart disease
1. atrial septal defect
2. ventricular septal defect
3. patent ductus arteriosus
4. coarctation of the aorta
5. tetralogy of Fallot
McGraw-Hill
6-28
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Word Analysis and Definition
•
Identify the word elements and define the
following terms:
– hypertension
– hypotension
– prehypertension
McGraw-Hill
6-29
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Word Analysis and Definition
•
Identify the following abbreviations:
– ASD
– VSD
– CHD
– CHF
– Hg
McGraw-Hill
– HTN
– PDA
– SOB
– TOF
6-30
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Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Blood tests
– lipid profile
• cholesterol
• lipoprotein (HDL and LDL)
• triglycerides
McGraw-Hill
6-31
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Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Diagnostic tests
– electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
– cardiac stress testing
– echocardiography
– Holter monitor
– ambulatory blood pressure monitor
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
– cardiac catheterization
– coronary angiogram
McGraw-Hill
6-32
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Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Treatment procedures
– thrombolysis
– percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty
– stent placement
– coronary artery bypass surgery
McGraw-Hill
6-33
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Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Treatment procedures
– cardioversion
– defibrillation
– heart transplant
McGraw-Hill
6-34
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following combining forms:
– ech/o
– cutan/e
– thromb/o
- scler/o
- arteri/o
- idi/o
- angi/o
- ven/o
McGraw-Hill
6-35
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following suffix elements:
– gram
– plasty
– ize
– ous
– tic
– ide
McGraw-Hill
6-36
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Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.3: Circulatory Systems
McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the difference between the
following sets of terms:
– artery vs. vein
– angiogram vs. venogram
– pulmonary circulation vs. systemic
circulation
McGraw-Hill
6-38
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Circulatory System
• Functions of the circulatory system:
– transport
– maintain homeostasis
– regulate blood pressure
McGraw-Hill
6-39
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– brachi
– ven/a
– palpat
– capill
McGraw-Hill
6-40
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Where in the body would you find the
following vessels?
– radial artery
– temporal artery
– cartoid artery
– femoral artery
– brachial artery
McGraw-Hill
6-41
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Circulatory Systems
• Circulatory disorders
– disorders of veins
© Dr. P. Marazzi / Photo Researchers Inc.
McGraw-Hill
6-42
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Circulatory Systems
• Circulatory disorders
– disorders of arteries
1. aneurysm
2. thromboangiitis obliterans
3. Raynaud disease
4. carotid artery disease
McGraw-Hill
6-43
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the root elements and then define
the term:
later
– collateral
arter
– endarterectomy
phleb/o
– phlebotomist
scler
– sclerose
edema
– edematous
McGraw-Hill
6-44
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