Transcript Slide 1 - lbrothers
Goal 1 Review: The New Nation
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Early Domestic Issues
Bill of Rights - 1 st 10 Amendments to the Constitution 1 st Amendment – RAPPS (_religion, assembly, press, petition, speech_) 10 th Amendment – Reserves power to the states Issues: Alien & Sedition Acts KY and VA Resolutions Federalists upset by War of 1812(rumors they wanted to leave) Hartford Convention
What Washington Did:
Cabinet (fill in the names of Randolph-Attorney General KNOX Jefferson Hamilton each secretary) War State Treasury Judiciary Act of 1789 __Set up court system with levels (local, state And nationals.
Whiskey Rebellion Uprising of grain farmers protesting excise Tax on whiskey. Wash. sent troops to put down the insurrection.
Showed the power of the fed. Gov’t. Democratic Republican Party Nation of farmers.
Against big central government (states’ rights).
Pro French Strict interpretation Federalist Party Wealthy educated should run country.
Loose interpretation Pro-British Bigger central government. Case that established Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison •
Early Political Freedoms
Remember the Ladies!
Abigail Adams…wanted voting Tecumseh For the women,. Eli Whitney - invented the cotton gin demand for cotton and # of slaves formed confederacy of American Indian Nations after the Treaty of Greenville made some Native Americans give up land •
Early Foreign Policy Issues
What did Washington’s Farewell address state?
Warned against political parties and to stay out of world affairs (no “entangling alliances”). What led to Jay’s Treaty?B. Britain Stop ships but don’t impress. Who was mad about this Treaty? France. What did this country do to make us mad? to French officials about the stopping of American ships bound for Britain. ) What was Jefferson’s version of “peaceful coercion” called? Embargo Act of 1807. Who wanted war with England?S, W War Hawks What was the war called? War of 1812. AKA: The Second War for Independence What was the last battle? New Orleans It was after the Treaty of Ghent.
What treaties were made with Spain? Adams-Onis (ceded Florida), Pinckney’s (right of deposit-N. Orleans) XYZ Affair-demanded a bribe in order to talk
Goal 2 Review: Expansion and Reform
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Territorial Expansion
Please label: Louisiana Purchase, Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase, Trail of Tears, Oregon Trail, Missouri Compromise, industrial region, agricultural region Why was Jefferson concerned about the Louisiana Purchase? He thought it went against a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
What was Polk’s campaign slogan?
54 40 or fight! (Wanted Oregon) •
Nationalism in Art and Literature
4 major authors of this era: _ Edgar Poe, JF Cooper, W.Irving, H. Melville, Hawthorne_ Dictionary of US lang._
Noah Webster 2 leading transcendentalists Emerson, Thoreau Style of American landscape paintings _ Hudson River School •
Economic and Social Issues in the Early 1800s
Morse’s invention that revolutionized communication Telegraph/Morse Code 3 Major Inventions and their Inventors _ Steel Plow _ __ John Deere _ _Mechanical Reaper____ __ Steam Engine ___ _Cyrus McCormick_____ __ Fulton __ Political party that developed out of anti-immigrant feelings _Know-Nothings_ •
Political Issues in the Early 1800s
Monroe Doctrine _ Warmed European countries to stay out of the W. Hemisphere.
_ Election of 1824 called _ Corrupt Bargain _ & Why? _ Jackson thought a deal had been made that denied him the presidency.
__ What were the three parts of Henry Clay’ s American System?
1 )_transportation_ 2) Protective Tariff 3) National Bank Jackson opposed the National Bank and put money into Pet Banks .
What claimed that tariffs were unfair and unconstitutional?_
SC (nullification) “tariff of abominations” • •
Reform Movements of the Early 1800s
Who were key leaders in the movement for women’s rights?_SB Anthony, Religious movement of the early 1800s?_______________ One of the preachers?__________
Who worked for improvements for the mentally ill Utopian community_____________________________3 examples?______________________
The Role of Religion in Social Movements
? Dorthea Dix What pair of sisters were important abolitionists? Grimke sisters (Sarah and Angelina) Give a brief description of these abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison white abolitionist, published the Liberator and spoke out against slavery— immediate abolishment of salvery David Walker: free African American abolitionists, published The Appeal that advocated the use of violence to secure freedom.
Frederick Douglass_ former slave & abolitionists. Published the North Star
Goal 3 Review: Civil War and Reconstruction
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Antebellum Economic, Social, and Political Events
Candidates for Senator of Illinois in 1858 Stephen Douglas/ Abraham Lincoln Supreme Court Case that rules slaves were property Dred Scott v. Sandford_ Popular Sovereignty _Let the people rule/vote on whether to allow slavery into a new state . Compromise of 1850 Ca->Free State (N. happy), Harsh fugitive slave law (S. happy) Kansas-Nebraska Act Used popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue->”Bleeding Kansas” Founded on an anti-slavery platform The Republican Par ty Important debate about states rights and tariffs Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Senate Race Ill. ) •
Causes of the Civil War
by Harriet Beecher Stowe North’s reaction Abolition grows South’s reaction anger/banned book _Harriet Tubman conductor on the Underground Railroad Candidates in the Election of 1860 Abr. Lincoln Vs.
Stephen Douglas Vs. Breckinridge Vs. Bell • B A T T L E S There was also a stricter black codes because of slave uprisings. Circle the winner.
What happened after What was then formed ?_
CSA _ Who was the President?__
Jefferson Davis _ The first shots were fired at Ft. Sumter
Turning Points of the Civil War
First Major Bull Run (Manassas) Split the Confederacy in Two Vicksburg (control of Miss./splits confed. ) Bloodiest Single Day Antietam Turning Point Gettysburg (ends the southern invasion of the N.) LOCATION OF SURRENDER Appomattox Courthouse P E O P L E Robert E. Lee S. General Abraham Lincoln US Pres. Ulysses S. Grant N. General “Unconditional Surrender” John Wilkes Booth Southern actor who shot Lincoln Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the war _ Preserve the union. _______ What did Lincoln suspend? _ Writ of habeas corpus ________________ Three-part Union strategy to win the war _____Anaconda Plan _ 1)Blockade ports 2)control Miss/divide South 3)Capture Richmond What turned the war into a moral issue? __ Emancipation Proclamation • Political, Economic, and Social Impact of Reconstruction (_New-_South _) POLITICAL Supremacy of Fed. Gov’t.
Southern “redemption” after Reconstruction ended ECONOMIC South devastated; slavery replaced by sharecropping SOCIAL
Jim Crow laws/ segregation
What ended Reconstruction? _ Compromise of 1877 Hayes/Tilden election. Hayes gets to be • Test of the Government Amendments: 13ends slavery 14citizenship/equal protection_ 15voting rights for all men.
Goal 4 Review: Moving West
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Groups that Moved West
3 reasons people moved west 1 )__economic opportunity 2) religious freedom 3) free land Comstock (silver) CA-Sutter’s Creek (gold) Mining ranching mormons Free land to farm through the Homestead Act . Many lived in Sod Houses .
Morrill Land Grant Act
Gave land to states to fund agriculture schools
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The Impact of Westward Movement
May 10, 1869 – Transcontinental RR built by Union Pacific _ and Central Pacific _.
Conflicts on the Plains Sand Creek Massacre (Chief Black Kettle) -Battle of Little Big Horn (Red Cloud and Crazy Horse) Custer’s Last Stand -Nez Perce Tribe (Chief Joseph) resisted movement to reservations (loss of Appaloosa Horse) Helen Hunt ’s book A Century of Dishonor led to the ___________________. Supporters of this act thought it would lead to ______________________.
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Difficulties for the American Farmer
Populism - grew out of farmers’ unhappiness; they were upset about high railroad rates, high tariffs, & raised prices of equipement What other kinds of organizations represented farmers? ______________________________ What ruling said states could regulate railroad rates?
Munn v. Illinois What act stated that railroads had to charge reasonable rates? The Interstate Commerce Act What ruling overturned Munn v. Illinois? ___________________________________________ _____________________ gave the _______________ which supported ________________.
What political party developed from farmers and blue-collar workers? The Grange What was their platform called ? Populists Party, Farmers Alliance •
Agriculture Technology
WINDMILL Converts energy of the wind into rotation energy STEEL PLOW John Deere: ideal for tough soil in the West BARBED WIRE Joseph Glidden: establish barriers for livestock-cattle REFRIGERATOR CAR Move refrigerated products across the railroads My two business innovations were . . .
Horizontal Mergers & Vertical Mergers Other Terms: Existed when a few people control a company as directors _______________ When the government has little control of business laissez- faire Andrew Carnegie
Goal 5 Review: Immigration, Urbanization, and Industrialization
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Immigration and Urbanization
Angel Island - Eastern Europe* and Asia Immigrants - Western Europe *In New York, they arrived at Ellis Island Many immigrants lived in: ______tenements________________ And worked in ___________factories________________ Many released their old identity and blended together in the “Melting Pot” A resentment of foreigners developed known as Nativism . One extreme example was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
Others tried to help immigrants: Jacob Riis Muckraker journalist: negatives of the tenements Jane Addams Founder of the Hull House-provided social services INVENTIONS OF THIS TIME PERIOD • Name Rockefeller Vanderbilt J.P. Morgan Carnegie
Business and Industrial Leaders
Captains of Industry or Robber Barrons?
Industry / Company / Significance oil Railroad construction banking Monopolies-Steel WHO?
WHAT?
Edwin Drake - oil drill Westinghouse - airbrake and railroad switch Henry Bessemer - allowed for mass production of steel Carnegie - blocks competition Charles Darwin - “survival of the fittest” applied to humans •
Labor Unions
Trade Union craftsmen Craft Union – Major Strikes industrial unions & common workers American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers
Great Railroad Strike, Haymarket Riot Pullman Strike
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Changing Role of Government
Anti-Serman Law - outlawed monopolies In many cities, political machines famous was Tammany Hall developed. The most led by Boss Tweed .
The Pendleton Act created the Civil Service System.
supported by the __________________ Political changes: 1)_______________2)_______________3)________________4)________________
Goal 6 Review: Imperialism
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Role in World Affairs
Imperialism Expansion has shaped American character, but now the frontier is closed.
We must build American power by expanding the Navy.
Policy in which stronger nations extend economic, political, or military control _T. Roosevelt Alfred T. Mahan “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” mercantilism - economic system in which colonies provide raw materials for a country Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The White Man’s Burden” promoted Anglo-Saxon superiority.
Part of the world under A country’s control or influence •
Military, Economic, and Political Involvement
Hawaii Pearl Harbor- naval base in Hawaii omit - President of the temporary government in Hawaii Alaska Called Sewards’ Folly when Secretary of State William Seward purchased it.
Spanish-American War (The “Splendid Little War” Little loss of life/gain territory/world power Cubans gained independence from Spain De Lôme Letter Insults our Pres. McKinley John J. Pershing was sent to capture “Maine” blows up near Havana, Cuba George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay Battle of San Juan Hill Roughriders led by Teddy Roosevelt Spanish Surrender The Panama Canal Teller Amendment Platt Amendment Cuba becomes a US connected the Atlantic & Pacific (cut & e time/cost of moving between At./Pac.) 1. Trade 2. military reasons Poncho Villa •
US Policies and Impact on Others
Diplomacy of Different Presidents (The Progressives) Theodore Roosevelt “Big Stick” Policy Use force if necessary to defend American interests. *Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine) – right to intervene William Howard Taft “Dollar Diplomacy” Use economic influence in Latin America.
Woodrow Wilson “Missionary Diplomacy” Christianity Civilize others Open-Door Policy - John Hay’s request for China’s ports to remain open Jingoism - bullying other countries Great White Fleet- 16 battleships sent by Teddy Roosevelt to tour the world
Goal 7 Review: Progressivism
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Rise of Progressivism
White collar workers that wanted to promote social welfare, moral improvement, economic reform, and to foster efficiency were called ___________________.
________Muckrakers___ (journalists who exposed poor working conditions and corruption) Jacob Riis (poor living conditions in NYC) Upton Sinclair: (wrote about meat packing industry) _ _ Triangle Shirtwaist Factory - incident where 146 workers died Ida Tarbell (business corruption in Standard Oil) •
Economic and Political Gains
Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle led to Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act 1906.
Candidates in the Election of 1912
Taft Wilson Bryan
Amendments: 16) OMIT income tax 17)_ OMIT 18) _alcohol is illegal 19) women gain the right to vote New forms of local government: C_____________, C_____________, and C______________ OMIT Reformers included ______________ (governor of Wisconsin) and ______________(temperance).
2 Kinds of Segregation •
De Jure
Significant Supreme Court Case of 1896 Poll tax Grandfather Clause Literacy Test
De Facto Plessy v. Ferguson
Booker T. Washington WEB DuBoise - African American reformer; wanted economic equality - African American reformer; started the NAACP Marcus Garvey - African American reformer; “Back to Africa Movement” ______________________ - led an anti-lynching campaign •
Technological Changes
The first successful airplane flight was at Kitty Hawk, NC. The plane was built by _______________________.
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Assembly Line _ 2. ______________ 3.________________ My most popular car model was the _ Model T
Goal 8 Review: World War I
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Neutrality to War
The MAIN causes of World War I: ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism The Two Sides Allies British France Russia USA Italy Central Powers Germany Austro-Hungarian Ottoman Empire Italy Bulgaria Wilson’s 1916 Campaign Slogan “He kept us out of the war” 3 Things That Brought the US into the War 1) Attack of Lusitania 2)_ Zimmerman Telegraph 3)_ Sinking of 4 US Merchant ships Wilson said “the world must be made safe for democracy.” The _______________________________________________ recruited 3 million soldiers.
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WWI Turning Points OMIT
____________________________ led the American Expeditionary Force (doughboys).
The area in between trenches was known as ________________________.
OMIT Wilson’s Plan for Peace Wilson’s 14 points: called for a League of Nation to be created.
The Big Four Great Britain France USA Italy The Treaty of Versailles
Germany stripped of army, forced to pay 33 million to Allies & admit guilt of the war. (will lead to WWII)
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WWI Impact
Government Agencies OMIT Agency Headed By The Red Scare ended up sending many radicals, communists, and anarchists out of the country.
The _ Sacco-Vanzetti trial involved Italian immigrants that were targeted for a crime with limited evidence.
The Sedition Act of 1918 punished those that did not support the war effort. The Supreme Court case that came from this act was Schenck v. US 1919 no free speech during times of war The __ omit was the plan for repaying war reparations.
Goal 9 Review: 1920s and 1930s
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Boom to Bust
The Teapot Dome Scandel involved the illegal sale of government lands by Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall.
The highest tariff in US History was imported goods Black Tuesday Stock market lost $10 to $15 billion in value Factors That Led to The Crash Buying items on credit Stock market crash Banks •
Prosperity of Different Segments
Forms of Direct Relief Encourage public works at state and local level Hoovervilles Shanty towns built by homeless people
___________________
World War I veterans marched on Washington and became known as the Bonus Army: promised a bonus and did not give it to the veterans. Army troops forced them back at gunpoint.
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Changes
Music was important in the 1920s. The most popular form was Jazz which could be heard on millions of newly purchased radios _ Talkies (movies with sound emerged) and one of the most popular ones was Jazz Singer .
___________________ also had a huge impact on American culture.
Due to the fears of the American people during the Depression, FDR had many radio addresses known as Fireside Chats Lost Generation Writers 1)_ Ernest Hemingway 2) Scott Fitzgerald Harlem Renaissance Artists 1)_ Zora Neale Hurston 2) Louis Armstrong 3) Duke Ellington 2)_ Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey Heroes 1)_ Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart Prohibition led to • 18 th amendment and increase in crime and speakeasies
Challenges to Tradition
Through movements such as the Harlem Renaissance and Back to Africa movement, many African Americans worked to improve their lives.
A religious _ temperance movement swept the nation. Two of the ministers were __________________________ and _____________________. The debate between science and religion was publicized with the Scope’s Trial (teacher tried to teach evolution) •
Impact of the New Deal
The government practiced deficient spending (spending more than you take in) during this time period.
The first female cabinet member was ____Frances Perkins______.
Lasting New Deal Agencies FDIC, Social Security Created a safety net for American and larger role for government in their lives Opponents of the New Deal conservatives
Goal 10 Review: World War II
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WWII Causes and US Entry
The Rise of Totalitarian Governments Hitlar, Mussolini, Stalin Nonaggression Pact The Munich Pact was an example of ________________.
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Neutrality to War 1.
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3.
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WWII Turning Points
European Theater What form of war did the Germans use?___________
About 20,000 were killed in the _________________. The ______________________ was the turning point in Eastern Europe.
What was the Allied Invasion of France called?_
D. day Who led it?_____________
What was the German counterattack called?________
Pacific Theater What was the turning point in the Pacific?_______________
Who led the marines in the Pacific?____________________
What strategy did the US use?_______________________
2 Significant Pacific victories 1)___________ 2)_________ The Manhatten Project led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to develop an atomic bomb . Two were dropped. One on Hiroshima surrender.
and one on Okinawa. This forced the Japanese to Victory in Europe or V.E. Day Victory in Japan or V.J. Day 11 million people (including 6 million Jews) were killed in the Holocaust . Many of the Nazi officials were put on trial during the Nuremburg Trials for “crimes against humanity.” War Conferences •
Effects of WWII
The Office of Price Administration set up a ______________________ system to save materials. __________________ were sold to raise money for the war.
Roles for women changed. Rosie Riverter was a symbol of the working woman.
The ______________________ prevented some types of strikes from taking place. Truman announced his ______________ to protect the rights of workers.
During the war, about 100,000 Japanese were sent to internment camps. Later, this action was challenged in Korematsu v. U.S.
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The GI Bill allowed many veterans to get a college education and buy homes in suburbs such as _______________ for their families of the ____________ era. There was a growing ________________ although there was not equality for all and many African Americans moved during the _______________________.
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Changes in Foreign Policy
Domino Theory the idea that if one country fell to communism, all would fall.
Marshall Plan aid sent to Turkey and Greece _______________ aid sent to Western Europe Berlin Airlift started after the city was divided and Soviets cut off West Berlin; later the Berlin Wall divided East and West Berlin US developed the ____________________ in 1952. Churchill spoke of an iron curtain that had fallen across Europe.
The Chinese Civil War meant that suddenly 20% of the world’s population was under communist control. The Korean War ended as a stalemate. The __________________ was bad for US/Soviet relations.
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Peacekeeping Organizations
United Nations 2)_ NATO 3)____________________ 4)___________________ 5)___________________ 6)__________________
Goal 11 Review: 1950s and 1960s
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Economic, Political, and Social Impact of the Cold War
Government response to American fears of the arms race 1) Spy Cases 1)_ 2)_____________________ NASA 2)______________ _______________________ realigned and reorganized the armed forces _______________________ authorized the building of highways throughout the nation _______________________ Eisenhower warned against this in his Farewell Address McCarthyism 1)_______________________2)______________________ Julius & Ethel Rosenburg executed for treason in 1953 Failure in Cuba Bay of Pigs Tense situation that ended in success_______________ ________________ easing of cold war tensions •
Major Events of the Civil Rights Movement
Brown v. Board of Education: ___________________ NAACP lawyer in the case Attempts to Integrate 1) reversed Plessy v. Ferguson by claiming that separate was unequal Little Rock 9 2)_ James Meredith Nonviolent Protests 1) sit-ins 2) marches Groups that Developed 1)_ SNCC 2)_ CORE Changes in the Movement 1)_ Malcolm X- by any means necessary 2) Panther Movement Accomplishments 1) integration of buses 2) voting rights (24 th schools 4)____________ Stockley Carmicheal amendment) 3) 3)_ Black desegregation of •
Social Movements
Leaders in the Women’s Movement 1) Betty Freidan-founder of NOW 2)______________________ _ Cesar Chavez led the Mexican-American labor movement. Another movement of this era was the Native Americans/Feminist Movement The EPA must enforce the 1)_ pollution standards 2)__________________________ Counterculture Events/Groups 1)_ Woodstock •
Vietnam
2) Hippies \ Leader of the North Vietnamese; his followers were called __________; ____________ his supporters in the South were __________ Where did the Vietnamese defeat the French?
________________________ What gave the President broad military powers?
________________________ What new weapons were used?
________________________ Who was the American commander in Vietnam?
________________________ What was the turning point of the war? Tet Offensive What event involved US troops killing unarmed Vietnamese? Mylai What limited the power of the President in committing troops? War Powers Resolution _____ Protest in which 4 students were killed Kent University Massacre •
Technological Changes and Political Events
Sputnik: first artificial satellite (Russian); this led to the development of ____________________ and ____________________ New Frontier: Kennedy’s domestic program Peace Corps: Kennedy’s program for developing nations Great Society Johnson’s domestic program (included Medicaid/Medicare, Head Start, etc.) What year was filled with protests including one at the Democratic National Convention?_________
25th Amendment Presidential Succession CREEP broke into the _ Supreme Court case questioning the release of the Pentagon Papers ________________________ Democratic National Headquarters to gain info to help Nixon win the 1972 election. There was an illegal cover-up; Nixon had to release the oval office tapes according to
Goal 12 Review: The Modern Era
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Foreign Policy Since Vietnam
Which President was most concerned with human rights?_
Carter The end of apartheid in South Africa led to the election of _ Camp David Accords failure as President ________________________ ______________________ Nelson Mandela .
______________chief leader of the PLO; _________________ Egypt and Syria attacked Israel Carter’s biggest accomplishment as President; between Egypt and Israel _____________________ religious leader in Iran the took over after the Shah; Carter’s biggest members of Reagan’s administration secretly sold missiles to Iran to support the Contras Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan’s plan nicknamed “Star Wars” The end of the Cold War was symbolized by the fall of Berlin Wall A student protest in China turned violent at ___________________________.
The _____________________ was a success for the United States under George Bush.
Where did Clinton send troops in 1995 for a peacekeeping effort?_________________
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Federal Legislation
Amendments 26)_ voting age to 18 ______________________ first woman to run for Vice President ______________________ first female Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas Charotte-Mecklanburg v. Swann 27)_ Congressional salary replaced Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court questioned bussing to integrate schools ______________________ allowed flag burning under the 1st Amendment ______________________ outlawed gender discrimination in school activities •
Economic, Technological, and Environmental Changes
________________ high inflation and high unemployment; WIN __________________________ Reaganomics was based on the idea of high interest rates or cutting taxes .
NAFTA eliminated tariffs between Canada, the United States, and Mexico The Energy Crisis of the 1970s led to the _____________________ and the _______________.
New forms of energy developed including ____________________ and ___________________.
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Social, Political, and Cultural Changes
New Federalism: Nixon’s policy that involved giving federal money to state and local governments for social programs The ______________________ developed in the 1980s among conservatives.
Ford granted a full pardon to Nixon. Carter issued pardon to Vietnam draft dodgers.
Who won these elections?
1980: Reagon 1984 Reagon 1988_George Bush 1992 Bill Clinton 1996 Bill Clinton 2000 George W. Bush •
Racial and Ethnic Diversity
Most immigrants now come from Latino countries and Asia . There has been a new rise in __ nativism feelings. Schools now focus on science and math What put new standards in place for schools and ties funding to test scores?
& Race to the Top education.
No Child Left Behind •
Terrorism
US embassies were bombed in 1998 in what two countries? 1)________________ 2)___________ What terrorist network is responsible for many terrorist attacks including the 9/11 attacks?
Al Qaeda Who heads this group?_
Osama Bin Laden Who was the Secretary of State during that time?
Colin Powell (1 st African American male to hold position) Developments after 9/11 1) Department of Homeland Security 2)__________________ 3)_____________ The United States now uses _____________________ for protection.